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Enterovirus B, HumanCoxsackievirus InfectionsReceptors, VirusCoxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane ProteinEnterovirusPleurodynia, EpidemicEnterovirus InfectionsHepatitis B virusAntigens, CD55Antibodies, ViralMyocarditisSwine Vesicular DiseaseMolecular Sequence DataVirus ReplicationVirus CultivationRNA VirusesVirus DiseasesVaccinia virusPericarditisMeasles virusRNA, ViralEnteroviruses, PorcineMercaptoethylaminesViral ProteinsCell LineCercopithecus aethiopsTissue Culture TechniquesVirus SheddingInfluenza B virusHepatitis BVirus AttachmentNeutralization TestsVirus AssemblySimian virus 40Amino Acid SequencePlant VirusesDNA VirusesAntigens, CD46Defective VirusesMaackiaHepatitis B Surface AntigensParainfluenza Virus 1, HumanAntigens, ViralInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeSindbis VirusHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusRabies virusInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeReceptors, Complement 3dLeukemia Virus, Gibbon ApeDNA, ViralHepatitis B Virus, DuckVero CellsInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeHemagglutination, ViralGenetic VectorsWest Nile virusCricetinaeVirus ActivationAntiviral AgentsRespiratory Syncytial VirusesHemagglutinins, ViralHepatitis B Core AntigensGenes, ViralVesicular stomatitis Indiana virusCapsidVirus LatencyViral Plaque AssayVirionHepatitis B, ChronicOncogenic VirusesAdenoviridaeHeLa CellsHerpesvirus 4, HumanSimian immunodeficiency virusSambucus nigraTransfectionViral TropismDucksNeuraminidaseCapsid ProteinsOrthomyxoviridaeCells, CulturedGene Expression Regulation, ViralMumps virusHepatitis A virusPhylogenyMosaic VirusesHepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B AntibodiesBase SequenceSemliki forest virusAvian Sarcoma VirusesHepatitis VirusesBK VirusTumor Virus InfectionsViruses, UnclassifiedJC VirusSpecies SpecificitySodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type III
AdenovirusInternalizationAdenovirusesSerotypeCellularPoliovirusInfectionHomologGenomePathogenicityAseptic meningitisMembraneAntibodiesAdeno-assocReplicationOncolytic virusesAntibodyGroupEnterovirusCerebrospinal fluidExtracellularAdVsFunctionalVaricella-zosteMiceInfectionsCharacteristicsNeuronalIdentifiesMechanismsTransductionHerpes simplRespiratory syncyClinicalLaboratoryViralSequencesEntericCellsHumanCellTropismEnteroviralFrequently isolatedFamilySite
Adenovirus12
  • Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXADR gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) has been identified as the cellular receptor for group B coxsackieviruses, including serotype 3 (CVB3). (rcsb.org)
  • The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a cell adhesion molecule used as a docking molecule by some adenoviruses (AdVs) and group B coxsackieviruses. (cnrs.fr)
  • Structural analysis of the mechanism of adenovirus binding to its human cellular receptor, CAR. (expasy.org)
  • It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review article, we outline key characteristics of major gene therapy viruses-adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentivirus-and summarize the mechanisms regulating important steps in the virus journey from binding at peripheral nerve terminals to nuclear delivery. (frontiersin.org)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (mugen-noe.org)
  • Adv infects the host cells through binding to different cellular receptors such as coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Tunicamycin has also been used to study the functional effects of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) glycosylation in COS-7 cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Upon local delivery, adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5 viruses use the coxsackie and Ad receptor (CAR) for cell binding and αv integrins for internalization. (gla.ac.uk)
  • When administered systemically, however, their role in liver tropism is limited because CARpermissive and mutated viruses show similar biodistribution, a finding recently attributed to blood coagulation factor (F) IX or complement protein C4BP binding to the adenovirus fiber and "bridging" to either low-density lipoprotein receptorrelated protein or heparan sulfate proteoglycans. (gla.ac.uk)
  • La proteína puede intervenir en la adhesión célula-célula, y es el principal sitio de unión de los ADENOVIRUS durante la infección. (bvsalud.org)
Internalization4
  • Our proposed pathway of CAV-2 entry is in contrast to that of human AdV type 5 (HAdV-C5) in non-neuronal cells, where internalization is mediated by auxiliary receptors such as integrins. (cnrs.fr)
  • For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. (frontiersin.org)
  • Involved in the clustering of various receptors, possibly by acting at the receptor internalization level. (univ-amu.fr)
  • Plays a role in synaptic plasticity by regulating t he trafficking and internalization of AMPA receptors. (univ-amu.fr)
Adenoviruses1
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackie viruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. (wikipedia.org)
Serotype2
  • For 2 of the 3 years, coxsackievirus B1 was the predominant serotype. (medscape.com)
  • Those due to coxsackievirus B4 were associated with a higher mortality rate than any other serotype. (medscape.com)
Cellular2
  • At least 2 cellular receptors for EV have been identified: a subunit of the integrin molecule VLA-2 that binds types 1 and 8, and a complement regulatory protein (ie, a decay accelerating factor) that binds types 6, 7, 12, and 21. (medscape.com)
  • The virus traverses the intestinal epithelium, probably undergoing replication in the process but without causing any cellular effects, and reaches the Peyer patches in the lamina propria mucosae. (medscape.com)
Poliovirus5
  • Coxsackieviruses belong to the family Picornaviridae and the genus Enterovirus , which also includes poliovirus and echovirus. (medscape.com)
  • Coxsackieviruses share many characteristics with poliovirus. (medscape.com)
  • With control of poliovirus infections in much of the world, more attention has been focused on understanding the nonpolio enteroviruses such as coxsackieviruses. (medscape.com)
  • Samtliga nödlägen har orsakats av olika typer av virus: influensavirus (2009 - 2010), Ebola virus (2013 - 2015 och 2018 - 2020) poliovirus (2014 - pågår), Zika virus (2016 - 2017), coronavirus (2020-pågår) och poxvirus (2022-2023). (umu.se)
  • Full-length RNA or cDNA that includes capsid sequences derived from wild poliovirus, unless viruses derived from them are demonstrably proven to be safer than Sabin strains. (cdc.gov)
Infection13
  • It's been suggested that CAR-SIV resides in the insulin secreting granules and might be involved in the virus infection of these cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • CAR mediates infection by binding to CVB3 and catalyzing conformational changes in the virus that result in formation of the altered, noninfectious A-particle. (rcsb.org)
  • The development of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) has been associated with recent enteroviral infection, particularly coxsackievirus B infection. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Coxsackieviruses have been identified in the respiratory tract up to 3 weeks after initial infection and in feces up to 8 weeks after initial infection. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, to discover the interaction between the virus and its host will help us to find novel treatment and diagnosis for Adv infection. (hindawi.com)
  • The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has been recognized as a pan-echovirus receptor expressed on intestinal enterocytes (primary site of infection) and liver hepatocytes and microvascular endothelial cells lining the blood-brain barrier (secondary sites of infection). (medscape.com)
  • Our findings suggest that activated IκBα mediates the export of IFN-α from virus-infected cells and that the inability of cells in Mmp12(-/-) but not wild-type mice to express IκBα and thus export IFN-α makes coxsackievirus type B3 infection lethal and renders respiratory syncytial virus more pathogenic. (nih.gov)
  • The antibodies may be delivered by two approaches, either encoded within the OV genome to restrict antibody production to sites of active virus infection or alternatively given alongside OVs as separate treatments. (bmj.com)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A recent analysis also found low-grade enteroviral infection with live virus in islets from six adults recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, thereby providing rationale for an investigation of the antiviral treatment approach, Mynarek said. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
Homolog1
  • This gene encodes a high-affinity dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) transmembrane receptor that functionally cooperates with DKK1 to block wingless (WNT)/beta-catenin signaling. (nih.gov)
Genome3
  • cis versus trans combination Cis combination involves the 'arming' of transgenes that encode antibodies or any anticancer agents in the oncolytic virus (OV) genome. (bmj.com)
  • Development of a new method for diagnosis of Group B Coxsackie genome by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. (medscape.com)
  • Genome Sequence of a Genotype 2 Hepatitis E Virus World Health Organization Reference Strain. (cdc.gov)
Pathogenicity1
  • [ 1 ] Coxsackieviruses are divided into group A and group B viruses based on early observations of their pathogenicity in mice. (medscape.com)
Aseptic meningitis2
  • These viruses are commonly reported in associ- from February to October 2000 (25), the first identification ation with aseptic meningitis outbreaks in pediatric of this virus in Spain since record keeping began in 1988 patients (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Both group A and group B coxsackieviruses can cause nonspecific febrile illnesses, rashes, upper respiratory tract disease, and aseptic meningitis . (medscape.com)
Membrane3
  • The encoded protein is a component of a membrane complex that modulates canonical WNT signaling through lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). (nih.gov)
  • It contains N -acetylglucosamine and inhibits glycoprotein biosynthesis, including virus membrane glycoproteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Consistent with an unexpected role for MMP-12 in clearing systemic IFN-α, treatment of coxsackievirus type B3-infected wild-type mice with a membrane-impermeable MMP-12 inhibitor elevates systemic IFN-α levels and reduces viral replication in pancreas while sparing intracellular MMP-12. (nih.gov)
Antibodies3
  • Oncolytic viruses and antibodies: are they more successful when delivered separately or when engineered as a single agent? (bmj.com)
  • Guidelines for Plaque-Reduction Neutralization Testing of Human Antibodies to Dengue Viruses. (medscape.com)
  • Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay to measure serum-neutralizing antibodies against coxsackievirus B3. (medscape.com)
Adeno-assoc1
  • Hirata, R. K. and Russell, D. W. (2000) Design and packaging of adeno-associated virus gene targeting vectors. (thermofisher.com)
Replication1
  • Respiratory and enteric virus stocks handled under conditions where OPV/Sabin strain contamination or replication is possible. (cdc.gov)
Oncolytic viruses2
  • This review integrates most experimental studies and clinical trials of various oncolytic viruses (OVs) in the diagnosis and treatment of GC. (frontiersin.org)
  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) provide the promise of tumor-selective cytotoxicity coupled with amplification of the therapeutic agent (the virus) in situ within the tumor improving its therapeutic index. (bmj.com)
Antibody5
  • These viruses were mostly recovered in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line with a positive cytopathic effect, which was confirmed by immunostaining with an anti-HEV group-specific antibody (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). (cdc.gov)
  • Human Antibody Laboratories manufactures the human antibody against machupo virus reagents distributed by Genprice. (mooneylab.com)
  • The Human Antibody Against Machupo Virus reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (mooneylab.com)
  • Cytomegalovirus Antibody Laboratories manufactures the cytomegalovirus cmv virus reagents distributed by Genprice. (essentialbiosafety.info)
  • Routine use of mu-antibody-capture ELISA for the serological diagnosis of Coxsackie B virus infections. (medscape.com)
Group6
  • Group A coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a flaccid paralysis that was caused by generalized myositis, whereas group B coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a spastic paralysis due to focal muscle injury and degeneration of neuronal, pancreatic, and myocardial tissue. (medscape.com)
  • In general, group A coxsackieviruses tend to infect the skin and mucous membranes, causing herpangina , acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), and hand-foot-and-mouth (HFM) disease. (medscape.com)
  • Numerous group A coxsackieviruses are responsible for causing CNS disease similar to poliomyelitis. (medscape.com)
  • Systemic neonatal disease often is associated with group B coxsackieviruses. (medscape.com)
  • A committee sponsored by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis categorized EVs and other enteroviruses (ie, coxsackievirus group A and group B, polioviruses) together in 1957. (medscape.com)
  • Group B coxsackievirus infections in infants younger than three months of age: a serious childhood illness. (medscape.com)
Enterovirus4
Cerebrospinal fluid2
  • However, coxsackievirus A16 has been one of the viruses recovered from cerebrospinal fluid in a small number of confirmed cases. (medscape.com)
  • Similarly, direct injection of viruses into the cerebrospinal fluid (e.g., via lumbar puncture in humans) also permits targeting of the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). (frontiersin.org)
Extracellular1
  • Whereas intracellular MMP-12 mediates NFKBIA transcription, leading to IFN-α secretion and host protection, extracellular MMP-12 cleaves off the IFN-α receptor 2 binding site of systemic IFN-α, preventing an unchecked immune response. (nih.gov)
AdVs1
Functional1
  • This protein has also been found to be a functional receptor for Coxsackievirus A10 and may be an alternative entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. (nih.gov)
Varicella-zoste1
  • Genotype analysis of ORF 62 identifies varicella-zoster virus infections caused by a vaccine strain in children. (cdc.gov)
Mice2
  • Bifidobacterium as an oral delivery carrier of interleukin-12 for the treatment of Coxsackie virus B3-induced myocarditis in the Balb/c mice. (medscape.com)
  • OPV/Sabin infected animals including, but not limited to, non-human primates and transgenic mice expressing the human PV receptor (CD155). (cdc.gov)
Infections1
  • Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory features of Coxsackie B1-B5 infections in the United States, 1970-79. (medscape.com)
Characteristics1
  • They are grouped together and distinguished from other viruses on the basis of physicochemical characteristics and because they share common epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
Neuronal2
  • method to introduce genetic material into select neuronal populations is by virus administration into muscle, which is the focus of this review. (frontiersin.org)
  • the function is competetive with nucleation promoting factors and is linked to neuronal morphology regulation and AMPA receptor (AMPAR) endocytosis. (univ-amu.fr)
Identifies1
  • The analysis of the cryo-EM structure identifies important virus-receptor interactions that are conserved across picornavirus species. (rcsb.org)
Mechanisms1
  • These conserved interactions map to variable antigenic sites or structurally conserved regions, suggesting a combination of evolutionary mechanisms for receptor site preservation. (rcsb.org)
Transduction2
  • Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Human FX substantially enhanced hepatocyte transduction by CAR-permissive and mutated viruses in an ex vivo liver perfusion model. (gla.ac.uk)
Herpes simpl1
  • HHV-1, also known as herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, causes primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, or oral herpes. (medscape.com)
Respiratory syncy1
  • An antigenic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus isolates by a plaque reduction neutralization test. (medscape.com)
Clinical3
  • Consequently, most contemporary clinical trials using OVs combine them with other therapeutic strategies or 'arm' the viruses by encoding biotherapeutic agents within them. (bmj.com)
  • Respiratory secretion or fecal clinical samples, or environmental samples collected from sewage or water sources, in which an accepted diagnostic test (e.g., virus isolation or polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) has identified the presence of an OPV/Sabin strain. (cdc.gov)
  • Respiratory secretion or fecal clinical samples, or environmental sewage or water samples, in which an accepted diagnostic test (e.g., virus isolation or polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) has identified the presence of WPV or VDPV. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory1
  • Viruses or derivatives produced in the laboratory that have capsid sequences from wild polioviruses, unless demonstrably proven to be safer than Sabin strains. (cdc.gov)
Viral2
  • Crucially, some viral vectors (i.e., viruses specifically used to deliver genetic material into cells) have the potential to circumvent the blood-brain- (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) when intravenously injected. (frontiersin.org)
  • Such interventions may also have beneficial effects in chronic viral myocarditis once the virus has been cleared. (intechopen.com)
Sequences1
  • The HEV-B cluster lyzing the VP1 partial sequences of 64 identified viruses. (cdc.gov)
Enteric1
  • These orphan viruses were initially termed ECHO, an acronym for enteric cytopathic human orphan virus, which was later simplified to echovirus. (medscape.com)
Cells6
  • Interferon-α (IFN-α) is essential for antiviral immunity, but in the absence of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) or IκBα (encoded by NFKBIA) we show that IFN-α is retained in the cytosol of virus-infected cells and is not secreted. (nih.gov)
  • We show here that after macrophage secretion, MMP-12 is transported into virus-infected cells. (nih.gov)
  • Oncolytic or 'cancer-lysing' viruses (OVs) are cytotoxic anticancer agents that preferentially replicate within and kill tumor cells, largely sparing normal tissues. (bmj.com)
  • Miteva K, Haag M, Peng J, Savvatis K, Becher PM, Seifert M. Human cardiac-derived adherent proliferating cells reduce murine acute Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis. (medscape.com)
  • These cells can express receptors for cytokines, neuropeptides, and neurotrophins, exerting functions in both the ENS and the immune system, and participating in the modulation of motility and secretion functions of the gastrointestinal tract. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Virus stocks of, or permissive cells (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Human2
  • The Cytomegalovirus Cmv Virus reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (essentialbiosafety.info)
  • Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive T-cell malignancy that develops in some elderly human T-cell leukemia virus (HTVL-1) carriers. (bvsalud.org)
Cell7
  • IMPORTANCE: Understanding how viruses interact with the host cell surface and reach the intracellular space is of crucial importance for applied and fundamental virology. (cnrs.fr)
  • Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene therapy viruses are non-replicating, but still hijack host cell machinery to express transgenes of interest in the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detta steg är nödvändigt för att virus ska kunna föröka sig i en infekterad cell och sprida sig vidare till intilliggande celler och vidare till andra människor. (umu.se)
  • Cell surface receptors containing an immunoglobin domain. (embl.de)
  • Killer cell inhibitory receptors. (embl.de)
  • This phenomenon was not dependent on proteolytic activation or cell signaling activity and for FX was mediated by direct virus-factor binding. (gla.ac.uk)
Tropism1
  • The tropism of each virus for certain tissues is not well understood and is neither unique nor specific. (medscape.com)
Enteroviral1
  • Case studies in cost effectiveness of molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases: pulmonary tuberculosis, enteroviral meningitis, and BK virus nephropathy. (medscape.com)
Frequently isolated2
  • The EV strains most frequently isolated in patients with ease virus. (cdc.gov)
  • The CDC reports coxsackievirus A16 as the virus most frequently isolated in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). (medscape.com)
Family2
  • Our study highlights the mechanistic differences that a receptor can have for two viruses from the same family. (cnrs.fr)
  • Herpesvirus family members are icosahedral DNA viruses. (medscape.com)
Site1
  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstruction of the CVB3-CAR complex resulted in a 9.0-Å resolution map that was interpreted with the four available crystal structures of CAR, providing a consensus footprint for the receptor binding site. (rcsb.org)