Covalently closed circular rnas. Medical search. Frequent questions

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of covalently closed loop structure of endogenous RNAs. (hindawi.com)
Unlike linear RNAs, circRNAs require high conservation, have high stability and tissue specificity, and are not easily degraded by enonuclease [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
CircRNAs were initially deemed to the products of aberrant RNA splicing, without attracting attention [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
With the development of RNA high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics, thousands of circRNAs have been discovered in the human genome [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
CircRNAs exert their biological effects by 4 different mechanisms: serving as sponges of microRNAs (miRNAs), serving as sponges of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), modulating parental gene transcription, and encoding functional proteins. (techscience.com)
Exosomes secreted by the umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UMSCs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) derived from exosomes have been shown to be associated with the progression of GDM-related complications. (hindawi.com)
Studies report that circular RNAs (circRNAs) derived from exosomes may play a key role in GDM development. (hindawi.com)
CircRNAs are newly discovered noncoding RNAs formed through the alternative splicing of premessenger RNA (mRNA). (hindawi.com)
CircRNAs are more resistant to degradation compared with mRNAs and exhibit high biological stability because of the complete circular covalently linked structure [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
High-throughput RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis have led to the identification of several novel circRNAs that exhibit biological characteristics and regulatory functions [ 6 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a series of endogenous non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
A narrative review in this issue highlights that circular RNAs (circRNAs) might exert pivotal roles in regulating the immune system against pathogens and sepsis-induced organ damage. (annals.edu.sg)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of endogenous RNAs characterised by their covalently closed-loop structures. (annals.edu.sg)
The detection of circular RNA molecules (circRNAs) is typically based on short-read RNA sequencing data processed using computational tools. (researchgate.net)
Herein, we wondered whether circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of RNA transcripts lacking 5′-3′ ends and forming closed loops that are gaining relevance in cancer biology, are also a target of epigenetic inactivation in tumors. (oncotarget.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)
Unlike linear RNAs, circRNAs form covalent-closed continuous loops without 5' to 3' polarities and poly (A) tails. (ijbs.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel member of the lncRNA kingdom, are generated by non-sequential backsplicing of exons, introns or a combination of both [ 7 - 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
CircRNAs were first identified in RNA viruses in the 1970s [ 12 - 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to participate in many human diseases including cancers and neurodegenerative conditions. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Lo Ij, Hill J, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Kjems J. Linking the association between circRNAs and Alzheimer's disease progression by multi-tissue circular RNA characterization. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules with a covalently closed loop structure formed by back-splicing of exon-exon junctions. (phoenixpeptide.com)
circRNAs are enriched in the brain, and accumulate upon neuronal differentiation and depolarization, suggesting that these RNAs are an integral component of the brain transcriptome, and may play functional roles. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with widespread distribution and diverse cellular functions. (biomedcentral.com)
CircRNAs have essential functions as microRNA sponges, RNA-binding protein- and transcriptional regulators, and protein translation templates. (biomedcentral.com)
Because of this extraordinary construction, circRNAs are resistant to degradation by exonucleases and are more stable than linear RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new member of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have recently been described as key regulators of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new member of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), have attracted great attentions for their closed continuous loop structure and potential value in clinical work [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Some circRNAs contain miRNA response elements (MREs) and function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to interact with miRNAs and regulate the expression of target mRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Circular RNAs or circRNAs represent long, non-coding RNA molecules that are circular in shape and covalently closed. (realtimeprimers.com)
Since circRNAs may be occur as a result of back-splicing events that occur from exon joining, the use of divergent, rather than convergent, primer sets can be used to selectively detect and quantitate these RNA molecules. (realtimeprimers.com)
determined that circRNAs were not a result of misplicing, but a stable, conserved, and widely sourced form of RNA with biological importance. (promegaconnections.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new type of endogenous noncoding RNA that exhibit a variety of biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
We found 1100 differentially expressed circRNAs (675 downregulated and 425 upregulated) which were involved in various biological processes such as protein ubiquitination modification, cell cycle regulation, RNA transport, and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
RNA-Seq results were validated by circRNAs qRT-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a class of non‐coding RNAs that are widespread in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and are structurally and functionally different from linear RNA molecules [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new RNA type, deriving from back-splicing. (mdpi.com)
In the global globe of RNA, round RNAs (circRNAs) display a subclass of non-coding RNAs caused by back-splicing of exons. (phytid.org)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of recently discovered noncoding RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
However, little attention has been given to exploring the value of circRNAs, as these RNAs were previously thought to be redundant products of faulty splicing [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CircRNAs, a new type of endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA), are described as covalent closed-loop structure without 5' caps and 3' poly (A) tails. (biomedcentral.com)
In most cases, circRNAs are produced by back splicing of precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA), in which the downstream 5'-splicing donor is connected to the upstream 3'-splicing receptor by a 3'-5'-phosphodiester bond [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, several potential functions of circRNAs have been reported: (1) CircRNAs competitively bind to miRNAs as endogenous competitive RNAs (ceRNAs), known as miRNA sponges (Fig. 1 a). (biomedcentral.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of endogenous RNAs considered essential regulatory factor in BC tumorigenesis and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, circRNAs usually bind miRNAs to modulate the levels of downstream proteins, acting as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and participating in tumor progression [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is closely related with circRNA formation through its adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, which decreased circRNAs production by lowering the complementarity of circRNA precursor's flanking introns [ 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Meanwhile, a potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism through a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was applied to annotate potential functions of these common differentially expressed circRNAs, and these predicted miRNAs or mRNAs might be involved in nigericin damage. (biomedcentral.com)
However, emerging evidence has revealed that pre-mRNAs undergo back-splicing and join a splice donor to an upstream splice acceptor, in which manner of producing circular RNAs (circRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
CircRNAs are a kind of non-coding transcripts that posses the form of a covalently closed continuous loop where the 3′ and 5′ RNA ends are joined together. (biomedcentral.com)

Phleboviruses are enveloped viruses with a genome consisting of three single-stranded RNA molecules. (europa.eu)
However, careful preparation of RNA must be considered as circular and linear RNA molecules have different properties. (realtimeprimers.com)
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are one of the leading vectors for gene therapy applications that deliver gene-editing enzymes, antibodies, and RNA interference molecules to eliminate viral reservoirs that fuel persistent infections. (biomedcentral.com)
They are covalently closed-loop RNA molecules that are formed by back-splicing of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the primary transcript. (biomedcentral.com)
Viroids take this lightweight approach to the extreme: they are small, covalently closed circular (ccc) RNA molecules that, crucially, do not encode any proteins. (williamhaseltine.com)
IVT reactions enable the cost-effective production of longer circular RNA molecules, making enzymatic synthesis the current mainstream method for circular RNA synthesis. (techadda2.com)
With few exceptions, metazoan mtDNAs are covalently closed-circular molecules that autonomously replicate and transcribe within the organellar matrix. (biomedcentral.com)

Orthonairovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Nairoviridae of the order Bunyavirales that include viruses with circular, negative-sense single stranded RNA. (wikipedia.org)
Nairovirus genomes are negative sense, single-stranded RNA. (wikipedia.org)
Reverse transcription occurs in the capsids by using the pgRNA as a template for the synthesis of single-stranded linear and then partially double-stranded relaxed circular (rc) DNA. (sinica.edu.tw)
First, the single-stranded viroid RNA is copied by a piece of host-cell machinery called RNA polymerase II. (williamhaseltine.com)
In simple terms, circular RNA is a closed single-stranded RNA molecule formed through covalent linkage at its ends. (techadda2.com)
The 1971 study led to discovery of viroids which are small naked single-stranded, covalently closed, circular molecule of infectious RNAs that multiply autonomously in plant cells and lack a coat protein as they are too small to coat for a single protein. (ca.gov)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can exhibit cell-type and cancer-type specific expression profiles, making them highly attractive as therapeutic targets. (researchgate.net)
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), participate in cellular transformation. (oncotarget.com)
Indeed, we demonstrated that in Rhabdomyosarcoma there is an augmented production of a class of peculiar lncRNAs, the covalently closed circular RNAs. (uniroma1.it)
Non-coding RNAs represent a potential course of disease-associated biomarkers looking into little non-coding RNAs such as for example microRNAs (miRNAs) and lengthy non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), respectively5. (phytid.org)

The expression levels of RNA of hsa_circ_0046060, mmu_circ_0002819, and miR-338-3p were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). (hindawi.com)
an RNA-dependent viral polymerase encoded by the L segment. (europa.eu)
Its covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA in the nucleus encodes a pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), which can be encapsidated by HBV polymerase. (sinica.edu.tw)
This is already unusual, since RNA polymerase II traditionally transcribes DNA into RNA, not RNA into RNA. (williamhaseltine.com)
This reaction requires a DNA template, reaction buffer, and bacteriophage RNA polymerase. (techadda2.com)
Bacteriophage RNA polymerases are commonly derived from T7, SP6, or T3 phages, with T7 RNA polymerase being the more prevalent choice. (techadda2.com)
The repeats are composed of sequences derived from both the 3′ and 5′ termini of viral RNA in a manner suggesting that the viral DNA polymerase is transferred twice between templates. (tmu.edu.tw)
The viral core particles then migrate to the hepatocyte nucleus and the partially double-stranded, relaxed circular genomes (RC-DNA) are repaired to form a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is the template for viral genomic and sub-genomic RNAs by cellular RNA polymerase II. (creativebiomart.net)

SncRNAs are less than 200 nt in length, consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of endogenous small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, through both translational repression and mRNA destabilization. (jci.org)

The covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and pregenomic RNAs (pgRNA) will be detected using Stellaris single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and branched DNA (bDNA) FISH techniques. (wisc.edu)
Of these, the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA is selectively packaged into progeny capsids and is then reverse-transcribed into new RC-DNA. (creativebiomart.net)

Approximately just 2% of the genome is transcribed into protein-coding RNAs [ 1 ], so the majority of transcripts are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), that can be categorized according to their structural properties and length [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
a genome organization of wild type AAV2 depicting its ssDNA genome and the 7 viral RNAs expressed from 2 genes Rep (Black boxes) and Cap (Grey boxes) and via the p5, p19 or p40 promoters. (biomedcentral.com)
and proviral DNA inserted covalently into the genome of the host cell. (tmu.edu.tw)

Due to the lack of specificity of clinical symptoms, virological diagnostic is needed and relies on molecular detection of viral RNA combined with serology. (europa.eu)
Laboratory criteria for direct diagnosis such as virus isolation or viral RNA detection in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that are used for the aforementioned viruses could also be applied to Toscana virus. (europa.eu)
Besides, after start of antiviral treatment HCV RNA viral energy can be utilized for expectation of virologic reaction and estimation of HCV RNA at distinctive time focuses is utilized for fitting treatment term in patients with persistent hepatitis C. HBV DNA viral stack levels are emphatically related with infection movement to liver cirrhosis and HCC. (alliedacademies.org)
The linear duplex DNA is approximately the same length as a subunit of viral RNA (∼10 kb) and it bears natural repeats of approximately 300 nucleotides at its termini. (tmu.edu.tw)
the linear DNA terminates with a sequence of about 200 nucleotides derived from the 3′ end of viral RNA. (tmu.edu.tw)

RNA pull down assay, luciferase reporter assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization were applied to verify the interaction between BCRC-3 and microRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

This enzyme has been used by researchers to selectively enrich an RNA population for circRNA. (realtimeprimers.com)
One avenue of interest in RNA research is a non-coding class of RNA first identified almost 50 years ago, circular RNA (circRNA). (promegaconnections.com)
Unlike linear RNA, circRNA are covalently closed loops that don't have a 5′ cap or 3′ polyadenylated tail. (promegaconnections.com)
In this study, we established circRNA expression profiles in FMDV-infected PK-15 cells using RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing) technology analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present context of successful mRNA drugs, the further synthesis of linear mRNA into circular RNA (circRNA) through end-to-end connections to enhance mRNA stability and prolong protein translation time has emerged as a new hot topic in the field of mRNA therapy. (techadda2.com)

Regardless, the function of the genetic material -whether in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid)- is to serve as a blueprint for the production of proteins. (williamhaseltine.com)
DNA and RNA do the instructing, proteins do the actual legwork. (williamhaseltine.com)
Although the majority of natural circular RNAs are non-coding RNAs, meaning they cannot be translated into proteins, research has shown that artificially synthesized circular RNAs with internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequences can be translated both in vivo and in vitro. (techadda2.com)
They were nanoscale membrane vesicles that were generated by most types of cells, which can convey information in the tumor microenvironment by transferring cargos such as DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids, therefore they are critical to tumor progression [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Typical triploblastic animal mtDNAs contain genes that encode the large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 13 proteins that are all components of the oxidative phosphorylation process: ATPase subunits 6 and 8 (ATP6 and 8), cytochrome b (Cyt b), cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1-3 (Cox1-3) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1-6 and 4L (ND1-6 and 4L). (biomedcentral.com)

T4 Dnl and T4 Rnl 1 are suitable for circularizing RNA without complex secondary structures, while T4 Rnl 2 is more appropriate for linear RNA precursors with double-stranded adapter regions. (techadda2.com)

The terminal nucleotides are base-paired forming, non-covalently closed, circular RNA. (wikipedia.org)
The terminal nucleotides of each genomic RNA segment are base-paired to form non-covalently closed circular RNAs. (europa.eu)
Where a virus such as SARS-CoV-2 is made up of nearly 30,000 nucleotides -the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA- viroids only contain between 220 to 450 nucleotides. (williamhaseltine.com)
However, the current chemical synthesis technology for circular RNA can only generate circular RNAs with lengths of fewer than 70-80 nucleotides (nt). (techadda2.com)

Importantly, our data point to yet another evolutionary route for potentially increasing proteome complexity by generating additional polypeptide variants using back-splicing of primary transcripts that yield circular RNA templates. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Circular transcripts of the testis-determining gene Sry in adult mouse testis, Cell, 73, 1019-1030, https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90279-y, 1993. (copernicus.org)

In recent years, nucleic acid therapy involving various types of ribonucleic acids (RNAs), including messenger RNA (mRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), has rapidly emerged as a new cornerstone of modern medicine. (techadda2.com)
It can maintain stability without the common 5′ cap and 3′-poly(A) tail found in mRNA, owing to its covalently closed structure that impedes degradation by nucleases. (techadda2.com)
Naturally occurring circular RNAs in organisms mostly arise from precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNA) through a process known as back-splicing. (techadda2.com)
More recently, as an affiliated member of the Institute for RNA , he has been developing emerging methods in the JFBSB to serve the RNA community at Penn, including the application of multiwavelength analytical ultracentrifugation, SEC-MALS, and synchrotron SEC-SAXS to the characterization of mRNA lipid nanoparticles in collaboration with the Mitchell group at Penn. (upenn.edu)

For the most part, rolling-circle replication serves to create duplicates of DNA, but viroids and some RNA viruses -neither of which possess any DNA- have managed to appropriate the task for their own benefit. (williamhaseltine.com)

These circular RNAs are distributed in the cytoplasm and exhibit half-lives ranging from 18.8-23.7 hours, significantly longer than their linear homologs which have half-lives of only 4.0-7.4 hours. (techadda2.com)

However, it has been proven that more than 62% of genomic DNA serves as a template for transcription, which indicates that there are abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human transcriptome [ 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)

Wang M, Yu F, Wu W, Zhang Y, Chang W, Ponnusamy M, Wang K, Li P. Circular RNAs: A novel type of non-coding RNA and their potential implications in antiviral immunity. (ijbs.com)

Reverse transcription PCR of liver RNA amplified virus precore and surface protein genes, indicating replication of virus in baboon liver tissue. (cdc.gov)

We demonstrated that YTHDC1, the reader of the RNA epitranscriptomic modification N6 methyladenosine and the RNA helicase DDX5 are able to act in complex to regulate this process in this cancer type. (uniroma1.it)

Since noncoding RNA makes up the majority of the transcriptome it's an incredibly important field of study. (promegaconnections.com)
We have characterized the first SG transcriptome in human neural system, and we have found that in presence of mutant FUS their physical properties and RNA composition are altered. (uniroma1.it)

It should be noted that all of these ligation methods cannot achieve circularization of large RNA fragments and cannot completely avoid side reactions associated with intermolecular end ligation. (techadda2.com)

RNase R is a 3' to 5' exonuclease which degrades linear RNA. (realtimeprimers.com)

The investigation of the translation mechanisms of circular RNAs in both cellular and extracellular contexts, along with the advancement of techniques for synthesizing circular RNAs in these environments, has greatly facilitated the progress of the circular RNA therapy field. (techadda2.com)

They have a characteristic closed-loop structure with connected 3′ and 5′ ends [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
These are one stranded RNAs using a covalently shut round structure and will be discovered nuclease-resistant in tissue as well such as fluids. (phytid.org)
Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to choose different T4 ligases based on the secondary structure of the linear RNA precursor. (techadda2.com)

However, this ligation process requires the acceptor substrate on the linear RNA precursor to possess a 3′-OH group, and the donor substrate to have a 5′-monophosphate, in order to proceed. (techadda2.com)

Furthermore, the role of RNA interactions is pivotal especially in the generation of membrane-less organelles that have often crucial implications in neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS. (uniroma1.it)

And since viroids lack a protein "coat" they are completely naked, nothing but RNA. (williamhaseltine.com)

The role of RNA interactions is crucial during complex processes such as cell differentiation in which many layers of molecular regulatory mechanism are orchestrated to promote the progression of developmental stages. (uniroma1.it)

Circular RNAs and sepsis: New frontiers in diagnostics and therapeutics? (annals.edu.sg)
In recent years following the COVID-19 pandemic, RNA has gained attention for its successes and potential use in vaccines and therapeutics. (promegaconnections.com)

They are characterized by covalently closed loop feature without 5' end caps or 3' Poly (A) tails [ 10 ]. (ijbs.com)

Furthermore, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to examine the expression levels of circular RNA‑PVT1 (circ‑PVT1), micoRNA‑195‑5p (miR‑195‑5p) and ETS1 in GC tissues and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Currently, the chemical synthesis of circular RNA primarily relies on phosphoramidite chemistry and solid-phase synthesis, using naturally occurring nucleoside triphosphate derivatives as building blocks. (techadda2.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms19

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

CircRNAs49

Molecules7

Single-stranded6

LncRNAs4

Polymerase8

MiRNAs2

Pregenomic2

Genome3

Viral5

MicroRNAs1

CircRNA5

Proteins5

Double-stranded1

Nucleotides4

Transcripts2

MRNA4

Viruses1

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Genomic1

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Genes1

Regulate1

Transcriptome2

Fragments1

Exonuclease1

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Structure3

Linear1

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Loop1

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Relies1