Here, using the hemimetabolous insect Blattella germanica , we show that nuclear hormone receptors Seven-up-B (BgSvp-B) and Fushi tarazu-factor 1 (BgFTZ-F1) have essential roles in the tissue- and stage-specific activation of adult CA JH-biosynthetic activity. (nature.com)
COUP-TFs are generally considered to be repressors of transcription for other nuclear hormone receptors such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). (umbc.edu)
Steroid or nuclear hormone receptors constitute an important superfamily of transcription regulators that are involved in widely diverse physiological functions, including control of embryonic development, cell differentiation and homeostasis. (embl.de)
Retinoid X recept2
COUP-TFs homodimerize or heterodimerize with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and a few other nuclear receptors and bind to a variety of response elements that are composed of imperfect AGGTCA direct or inverted repeats with various spacings. (umbc.edu)
It was determined that Ear2 negatively regulates renin expression by competing with retinoic acid receptor/ retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR) for binding to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) on the renin enhancer [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Ligands6
Ligands that bind to and activate nuclear receptors include lipophilic substances such as endogenous hormones, vitamins A and D, and xenobiotic hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Because the expression of a large number of genes is regulated by nuclear receptors, ligands that activate these receptors can have profound effects on the organism. (wikipedia.org)
A number of nuclear receptors, referred to as orphan receptors, have no known (or at least generally agreed upon) endogenous ligands. (wikipedia.org)
They are referred to as orphan receptors because the COUP-TF ligands be undergoing besides to be identified. (ebionet.com)
Many of these proteins are similar in structure to known NUCLEAR RECEPTORS but appear to lack a functional ligand-binding domain, while in other cases the specific ligands have yet to be identified. (nih.gov)
Early classification of these receptors was based on ligands, DNA binding properties or other functional characterization. (indigobiosciences.com)
Steroid2
COUP-TFs are orphan members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. (umbc.edu)
E) Ligand binding domain (LBD): Moderately conserved in sequence and highly conserved in structure between the various nuclear receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, COUP-TFs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). (umbc.edu)
Genes6
These intracellular receptors work with other proteins to regulate the expression of specific genes thereby controlling the development, homeostasis, and metabolism of the organism. (wikipedia.org)
Many of these regulated genes are associated with various diseases, which explains why the molecular targets of approximately 13% of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs target nuclear receptors. (wikipedia.org)
This is an important study demonstrating distinct roles for the nuclear receptor genes COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII in hippocampal development. (elifesciences.org)
Interestingly, Prd-class homeobox and COUP-TF genes are also expressed during neurogenesis in bilaterians, suggesting that mechanoreceptor and neuronal cells derive from a common ancestral cell. (unige.ch)
The receptors function as dimeric molecules in nuclei to regulate the transcription of target genes in a ligand-responsive manner. (embl.de)
These response elements position the receptors, and the complexes recruited by them, close to the genes of which transcription is affected. (embl.de)
Superfamily2
These diverse actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and functions as a hormone-dependent transcription factor. (brainimmune.com)
Unlike receptors found on the cell surface, members of the nuclear hormone receptor (NR) superfamily are restricted to metazoan organisms such as nematodes, insects, and vertebrates. (indigobiosciences.com)
Proteins3
In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins responsible for sensing steroids, thyroid hormones, vitamins, and certain other molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Along with the DBD, the LBD contributes to the dimerization interface of the receptor and in addition, binds coactivator and corepressor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
A broad category of receptor-like proteins that may play a role in transcriptional-regulation in the CELL NUCLEUS . (nih.gov)
Ear2 is an orphan nuclear hormone receptor that belongs to the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factors (COUP-TF) gene family [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bioinformatic analysis and molecular biological characterization revealed that VEGF-C is negatively regulated by an orphan nuclear receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII). (endometriosistreatmentreport.com)
A DNA-binding orphan nuclear receptor that negatively regulates expression of ARNTL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and plays a role as a regulatory component of the circadian clock system. (wakehealth.edu)
Nuclear receptors play key roles in both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
PPAR1
Some of these receptors such as FXR, LXR, and PPAR bind a number of metabolic intermediates such as fatty acids, bile acids and/or sterols with relatively low affinity. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation2
The regulation of gene expression by nuclear receptors often occurs in the presence of a ligand-a molecule that affects the receptor's behavior. (wikipedia.org)
An orphan nuclear receptor that is implicated in regulation of steroidogenic pathways. (nih.gov)
Metabolic2
These receptors hence may function as metabolic sensors. (wikipedia.org)
Many nuclear receptors are key metabolic regulators. (csh-asia.org)
Specificity1
The DNA-binding domains of nuclear receptors consist of two zinc-nucleated modules and a C-terminal extension, where residues in the first zinc module determine the specificity of the DNA recognition and residues in the second zinc module are involved in dimerisation. (embl.de)
Glucocorticoid1
Thus, organisms cannot survive in the absence of glucocorticoid action, as observed in the mouse model in which the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene is genetically deleted [3]. (brainimmune.com)
Dimerization1
Located within the second zinc finger is the distal or D-box, an α-helix which lies perpendicular to P-box helix, and is a site that mediates receptor dimerization. (indigobiosciences.com)
Xenobiotics2
Other nuclear receptors, such as CAR and PXR appear to function as xenobiotic sensors up-regulating the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes that metabolize these xenobiotics. (wikipedia.org)
While such functions for glucocorticoids and thyroid hormone have been known for decades, those of the receptors for fatty acids, bile acids, and xenobiotics, for example, are still emerging. (csh-asia.org)
20171
2017 , "Minute Impurities Contribute Significantly to Olfactory Receptor Ligand Studies: Tales from Testing the Vibration Theory" , eNeuro. (fleming.gr)
Estrogen1
The crystal structure of the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain bound to DNA: how receptors discriminate between their response elements. (embl.de)
Mechanism1
As discussed below nuclear receptors are classified according to mechanism or homology. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike1
It is unlike most orphan nuclear receptors in that it appears to lack an essential DNA-binding domain and instead acts as a transcriptional co-repressor. (nih.gov)
Mesh1
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)
Molecular1
Most nuclear receptors have molecular masses between 50,000 and 100,000 daltons. (wikipedia.org)
Sequences1
For these reasons, it is thought that the variable N- terminal sequences may be responsible for the receptor-, species-, and cell type-specific effects as well as promoter context-dependent properties of NR transactivation. (indigobiosciences.com)
Cancer3
Real-world patient-reported outcomes and physician satisfaction with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors versus chemotherapy in patients with germline BRCA1/2-mutated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer from the United States, Europe, and Israel. (jefferson.edu)
Real-World Study of Regional Differences in Patient Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and BRCA1/2 Mutation Testing in Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor?2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer in the United States, Europe, and Israel. (jefferson.edu)
Real-world study of patients with germline BRCA1/2-mutated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2?Negative advanced breast cancer: Patient demographics, treatment patterns, adverse events, and physician-reported satisfaction in the United States, Europe, and Israel. (jefferson.edu)
Domain3
Nuclear receptors are modular in structure and contain the following domains: (A-B) N-terminal regulatory domain: Contains the activation function 1 (AF-1) whose action is independent of the presence of ligand. (wikipedia.org)
The A-B domain is highly variable in sequence between various nuclear receptors. (wikipedia.org)
F) C-terminal domain: Highly variable in sequence between various nuclear receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Distinct1
The Prd-class homeogene prdl-b and the nuclear orphan receptor hyCOUP-TF are expressed at strong levels in proliferating nematoblasts, a lineage where they were found repressed during patterning and morphogenesis, and at low levels in distinct subsets of neurons. (unige.ch)
Control1
A unique property of nuclear receptors that differentiates them from other classes of receptors is their direct control of genomic DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Highly1
The A/B domain's sequence and length are highly variable between receptors (i.e. (indigobiosciences.com)