MicroelectrodesCerebral CortexNeuronsRats, Sprague-DawleyCells, CulturedAction PotentialsNeocortexCell DeathIon-Selective ElectrodesNeuroprotective AgentsBrainElectrophysiologyNeurogliaNeuronal PlasticityNerve NetHippocampusSomatosensory CortexNerve Tissue ProteinsAnimals, NewbornMacaca mulattaTime FactorsMembrane PotentialsVisual CortexMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsEmbryo, MammalianReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateBrain IschemiaElectrochemistryDisease Models, AnimalApoptosisDose-Response Relationship, DrugMice, Inbred C57BLPotassiumCell MovementElectrodes, ImplantedExtracellular SpaceElectric StimulationSignal TransductionFluorocarbon PolymersBlotting, WesternMicrochip Analytical ProceduresMagnetic Resonance ImagingElectrochemical TechniquesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationSodiumBicarbonatesChloridesCalciumElectrodesHelix (Snails)StrophanthidinMicromanipulationNitric Oxide Synthase Type INecturusSynaptic TransmissionNecturus maculosusCatsPurkinje FibersConductometryGuinea PigsLeechesIntracellular FluidElectric ConductivityGlassSynapsesEquipment Failure AnalysisOxygenDielectric SpectroscopyNeuronal Ceroid-LipofuscinosesAxonsIon TransportEvoked PotentialsRats, WistarBiosensing TechniquesCarbonPotentiometryMiniaturizationDiamondModels, NeurologicalPartial PressureEquipment DesignImmunohistochemistryCortical Spreading DepressionDendritesDimethadioneTetrodotoxinElectric ImpedanceNeuritesDopamineNeurogenesisBrain WavesQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsNerve DegenerationPolarographyMotor Neurons4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic AcidIon ExchangeElectroplatingPC12 Cells