Cortical cell cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

After hypoxia, immature cortical astroglia underwent a shift toward neuronal fate and generated cortical excitatory neurons that appeared synaptically integrated into the circuitry. (jneurosci.org)
Recent evidence suggests that unscheduled cell cycle activity leads to neuronal cell death. (nih.gov)
These results suggest that 3-NP induces aberrant cell cycle progression and neuronal cell death via p27 down-regulation by calpain in striatum but not in the cerebral cortex. (nih.gov)
Overall, the results support our theoretical framework that dendritic plateau potentials bring neuronal cell body into a depolarized state ('UP state'), which lasts 200 - 500 ms, or more. (yale.edu)
Plateau potentials profoundly change neuronal state -- a plateau potential triggered in one basal dendrite depolarizes the soma and shortens membrane time constant, making the cell more susceptible to action potential firing triggered by other afferent inputs. (yale.edu)
Critical roles for EPH/EPHRIN signaling in neuronal pathfinding have uncovered a key role in repulsive migration, but this mechanism may not explain how EPH/EPHRIN signaling drives cell segregation in dense developing tissues where cells continuously contact other cells ( 4 ). (rupress.org)
A detailed overview of a study conducted by Alysson Muotri's lab at the UC San Diego Stem Cell Program which found complex network signaling developing in human cortical organoids that appear to recapitulate fetal brain development, offering an in-vitro model to study functional development of human neuronal networks. (uctv.tv)
A new method uses a combination of small molecules to accelerate cortical neuronal development. (mskcc.org)
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) have the ability to self-renew and to give rise to neuronal and glial lineages. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we show that Wnt signaling inhibits the self-renewal capacity of mouse cortical NPCs, and instructively promotes their neuronal differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
Overexpression of Wnt7a or of a stabilized form of β-catenin in mouse cortical NPC cultures induced neuronal differentiation even in the presence of Fgf2, a self-renewal-promoting factor in this system. (elsevierpure.com)
Moreover, blockade of Wnt signaling led to inhibition of neuronal differentiation of cortical NPCs in vitro and in the developing mouse neocortex. (elsevierpure.com)
Furthermore, the β-catenin/TCF complex appears to directly regulate the promoter of neurogenin 1, a gene implicated in cortical neuronal differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
Importantly, stabilized β-catenin did not induce neuronal differentiation of cortical NPCs at earlier developmental stages, consistent with previous reports indicating self-renewal-promoting functions of Wnts in early NPCs. (elsevierpure.com)

Diagnostic features of renal cortical necrosis include absent opacification of the renal cortex and enhancement of subcapsular and juxtamedullary areas and of the medulla without excretion of contrast medium. (medscape.com)

Similarly, exposure to low oxygen conditions in vitro induced stem-cell-like potential in immature cortical GFAP + cells. (jneurosci.org)
We find that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 exhibit distinct responses to acute phosphorylation-dependent regulation in brain neurons in situ and in heterologous cells in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
AMSBIO neural cells are capable of generating a spectrum of cortical neurons that are electrically active and have the ability to form functional synapses and circuits in vitro. (technologynetworks.com)
Despite strong interest in these diseases, high quality human in vitro cell models for cortical neurophysiology were unavailable until now. (technologynetworks.com)
Here, we used mice with a genetic deletion of α2δ‐1 to determine how α2δ‐1 contributes to cell death, elevated excitatory synapse number, and in vitro network function after FL and to examine the molecular specificity of GBP's effects. (eneuro.org)
While there are strategies for detecting such aggregates in vitro, there is no approach at present that can detect these toxic species associated with cells and specific subcellular compartments. (bris.ac.uk)

Subcortical orientation biases explain orientation selectivity of visual cortical cells. (mpg.de)
Functional degradation of visual cortical cells in old cats. (bvsalud.org)

whether they are able to generate neurons in the cortical parenchyma is not known. (jneurosci.org)
They found that precursor cells to the radial glia in the ventricular zone (VZ), intermediate progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ), and projection neurons in the cortical plate (CP) each contain distinct molecular maps of regional identity. (sfari.org)

iDISCO movie of mouse brain at six months showing fluorescently labeled human cortical neurons. (mskcc.org)
In co-culture with human cortical neurons and after transplantation (AT) into human brain tissue resected. (lu.se)
In co-culture with human cortical neurons and after transplantation (AT) into human brain tissue resected from patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, light-activated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expressing hdINs induced postsynaptic currents in human neurons, strongly suggesting functional efferent synapse formation. (lu.se)

Overall, the development of cortical activity under these conditions was accelerated. (frontiersin.org)
A new study from researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering provides a quick and easy way to speed up development of cortical neurons , the cells making up the thinking parts of the brain. (mskcc.org)

However, changes in cortical actin mesh size or perturbation of branched actin nucleator Arp2/3 do not affect this behavior. (ncbs.res.in)
In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic changes in cortical neurones, and associated astrocytes and endothelial cells of the neurovascular unit, in the ageing brain. (biomedcentral.com)
Changes in cortical neurones included alterations in insulin and other signalling pathways, cell cycle, cellular senescence, inflammatory mediators, and components of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain. (biomedcentral.com)

3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is an irreversible inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase and induces cell death in both striatum and cerebral cortex. (nih.gov)
We also represent the topological distribution of cortical types in simplified flat maps of the cerebral cortex of monotremes, rats, and primates. (springer.com)
The main structural feature of the cerebral cortex is the arrangement of cortical neurons and glial cells in layers that run parallel to the surface of the brain. (springer.com)

Neurons of different cortical layers express diverse populations of ion channels and possess distinct intrinsic membrane properties. (jneurosci.org)
According to Sanides, paraolfactory and parahippocampal gradients of laminar elaboration expanded in evolution by addition of successive concentric rings of gradually different cortical types inside the allocortical ring. (springer.com)

We recorded from neurons in the forelimb part of the C3 zone 'in action' by recording from single cerebellar cortical neurons located in different microzones defined by their peripheral receptive field properties during a forelimb reach-retrieval task in cats. (lu.se)

Alterations in catecholamine signaling and cortical morphology have both been implicated in the pathophysiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (frontiersin.org)

Neuromodulatory systems are essential for remodeling glutamatergic connectivity during experience-dependent cortical plasticity. (biorxiv.org)

Thymus tissue is compartmentalized into cortex and medulla and each of these two compartments comprises its specific thymic epithelial cell subset. (wikipedia.org)
cTECs reside in the outer part- cortex, which mostly serves as a developmental site for T cells. (wikipedia.org)
Precursors of T cells originate in the bone marrow from which they migrate via bloodstream into thymic cortex, where they encounter stromal cells including cTECs, which form the microenvironment crucial for proliferation and development of T cells by expression of DLL4 (delta-like notch ligand 4), cytokines IL-7, TGFβ or stem cell factor and chemokines CCL25, CXCL12 or CCRL1 etc. (wikipedia.org)
Once T cell precursors enter the thymic cortex, they start their transformation from double negative stages (T cell without surface expression of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors) to a double positive stage (T cell with surface expression of both co-receptors) that expresses fully recombined TCR. (wikipedia.org)
Renal cortical necrosis is a rare cause of acute renal failure secondary to ischemic necrosis of the renal cortex. (medscape.com)
were prepared for electron microscopy so that cortical microtubules could be counted along the longitudinal walls in cell files in the endodermis, pericycle, and inner and outer cortex, and in sieve and xylem elements. (biologists.com)
Three types of behaviour, all related to changes in the cell walls, were noted as cortex, xylem and sieve element cells entered their respective phases of cell differentiation. (biologists.com)
Neurone, astrocyte, and endothelial cell-enriched mRNA, obtained by immuno-laser capture microdissection of temporal cortex (Brodmann area 21/22) from 6 cases with self-reported T2D in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study neuropathology cohort, and an equal number of age and sex-matched controls, was assessed by microarray analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Simple and complex cells of striate cortex of anaesthetized and paralysed cats were stimulated with two superimposed one-dimensional grating stimuli of different orientations to investigate inhibitory effects of non-optimally oriented stimuli. (unipi.it)

Trophoblast stem (TS), extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) and embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from these three lineages can self-assemble into synthetic embryos, but the mechanisms remain unknown. (cam.ac.uk)
We generated light-sensitive human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived GABAergic interneurons (hdIN) and tested their functionality. (lu.se)

Renal cortical necrosis incidence is higher in developing countries, ranging from 6-7% of all cases of acute renal failure. (medscape.com)
Hypoxia, viral infection, and traumatic injury are the most common environmental causes of DCMs, and are associated with the subsyndromes focal polymicrogyria and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) Type IIId, both of which have a high incidence of epilepsy. (eneuro.org)
A fairly high incidence of adrenal cortical tumors was observed. (cdc.gov)
Decreasing incidence of renal cortical necrosis in patients with acute renal failure in developing countries: a single-centre experience of 22 years from Eastern India. (medscape.com)

Kv2.1 expression is consistently high throughout all cortical layers, especially in layer (L) 5b pyramidal neurons, whereas Kv2.2 expression is primarily limited to neurons in L2 and L5a. (jneurosci.org)
Here, we show that the Kv2 family members Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 are expressed in distinct cortical layers and pyramidal cell types associated with specific corticostriatal pathways. (jneurosci.org)
Plateau potentials may allow cortical pyramidal neurons to tune into ongoing network activity and potentially enable synchronized firing, to form active neural ensembles. (yale.edu)
Even when two subtypes targeted the same pyramidal cell type, their synaptic targeting proved selective for particular dendritic compartments. (curiobioscience.com)
It is characterized by pyramidal cell loss in the frontal and temporal lobes and degeneration of motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus and spinal motor neurons. (medscape.com)

Whereas differential cadherin expression drives initial cell sorting, cortical tension consolidates tissue organization. (cam.ac.uk)
However, forces from adhesion tension are fundamentally integrated with those imparted by cortical tension, which govern many aspects of cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis ( 6 ). (rupress.org)
This prospective study aimed to test the association between renal cortical perfusion (RCP) estimated in color Doppler sonographic dynamic tissue perfusion measurement (DTPM) with thyroid hormones in 36 patients treated with levothyroxine following total thyroidectomy for resectable thyroid cancer. (medscimonit.com)
This photomicrograph of a section of brain tissue, highlighted a meningeal capillary that had been occluded by a thrombus, or blood clot, surrounded by an inflammatory infiltrate of white blood cells (WBCs) consisting of neutrophils and lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
Cortical brain tissue is seen to the right of the occluded capillary, while pia mater to the vessel's left. (cdc.gov)
[ 11 ] Cortical tissue becomes shrunken later in disease progression. (medscape.com)
The tissue of origin for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the proximal renal tubular epithelium. (medscape.com)

Such stem cells can be obtained from a developing embryo or produced by turning back the developmental clock of adult cells, in which case they are called induced pluripotent stem cells. (mskcc.org)
Developmental cortical malformations (DCMs) result from pre- and perinatal insults, as well as genetic mutations. (eneuro.org)

Thus, by exploiting cadherin codes from different stages of development, lineage-specific stem cells bypass the preimplantation structure to directly assemble a postimplantation embryo. (cam.ac.uk)
Cortical bone-derived stem cells (CBSCs) are reportedly essential for osteogenic lineages, bone maintenance and repair. (biomedcentral.com)
Cortical neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells visualized with a fluorescent marker indicating their identity. (mskcc.org)
Neurons can be produced from stem cells, but the process takes time. (mskcc.org)
The approach relies on what are called human pluripotent stem cells - versatile cells that can differentiate into any type of cell in the body. (mskcc.org)

Cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) form unique parenchyma cell population of the thymus which critically contribute to the development of T cells. (wikipedia.org)
Our data support the conclusion that hypoxia promotes pluripotency in GFAP + cells in the cortical parenchyma. (jneurosci.org)
layers of angular collenchyma, and approximately ten layers of parenchyma (Figures 1A and B), whereas, in MATERIAL AND METHODS secondary growth, the cortical region of the stem was formed of parenchyma only (Figure 1C). (bvsalud.org)

When mutated in humans, they contribute to autism and cortical malformations. (sfari.org)

AMSBIO also offer a complete suite of cell reprogramming and neural differentiation services to meet users neural research needs. (technologynetworks.com)
With the exception of the xylem, where there are no transverse cell divisions, each file of cells commences with its initial cell and then possesses a zone of concomitant cell expansion and transverse cell division, followed, after completion of the divisions, by a zone of terminal cell differentiation. (biologists.com)
The fate decision of NPCs between proliferation and differentiation determines the number of differentiated cells and the size of each region of the brain. (elsevierpure.com)

α2δ-1 signaling drives apoptotic cell death, anatomic reorganization, excitatory synaptogenesis, astrocytosis, and network hyperexcitability in a model of insult-induced cortical malformation known as freeze lesion (FL). (eneuro.org)
The alteration or absence of these cells disrupts the balance between excitatory and inhibitory processes, leading to neurological disorders such as epilepsy. (lu.se)

The purpose of the present studies was to determine if ADNF-9 or NAP affects neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis in rat hippocampal and cortical cultures. (nih.gov)

Both ligand and receptor are membrane bound, and signaling, which can be bidirectional, requires cell-cell contact, enabling the study of proximal influences of EPH/EPHRIN signaling on individual cells. (rupress.org)
One of the first electrochemical models proposed that the cell membrane exerts linear physicochemical changes ( 12 , 13 ) to assess the EMF parameters for which biological effects might be expected. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, we find that GPI-anchored proteins exhibit temperature-independent diffusion over this range and revert to temperature-dependent diffusion on cell membrane blebs, in cells depleted of cholesterol, and upon acute perturbation of actin dynamics and myosin activity. (ncbs.res.in)
Thus cell surface diffusion of GPI-anchored proteins and transmembrane proteins that associate with actin is driven by active fluctuations of dynamic cortical actin filaments in addition to thermal fluctuations, consistent with expectations from an "active actin-membrane composite" cell surface. (ncbs.res.in)

Sequential depolarization of root cortical and stelar cells in. (kit.edu)
These findings suggest that cortical areas and connections are shaped by sequential maps of regional identity that are defined by the genes PAX6, EOMES and TBR1. (sfari.org)

Indeed, the differential interfacial tension hypothesis holds that increased cortical tension can reduce the ability of cells to make stable cell contacts ( 7 ). (rupress.org)
In the present article, we perform cortical type analysis of the neocortex of adult rats, Rhesus macaques, and humans to propose hypotheses on homology of cortical areas applying the principles of the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex. (springer.com)
The updated version of the hypothesis of Sanides provides explanation for the emergence of cortical hierarchies in mammals and will guide future research in the phylogenetic origin of neocortical areas. (springer.com)
The progressive expansion of cortical gradients of laminar elaboration observed from marsupials and monotremes to primates led Friedrich Sanides to propose the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex (Sanides 1962 , 1970 ). (springer.com)

Here, through combined use of cortical layer markers and transgenic mouse lines, we show that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 are localized to functionally distinct cortical cell types. (jneurosci.org)
The restricted pattern of Kv2.2 expression persists in Kv2.1-KO mice, suggesting distinct cell- and layer-specific functions for these two highly related Kv2 subunits. (jneurosci.org)

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons within the neocortex are arranged in a laminar architecture and contribute to the input, processing, and/or output of sensory and motor signals in a cell- and layer-specific manner. (jneurosci.org)
The latter is manifested in hypersensitivity to visual stimuli, measured with questionnaires and sensory thresholds, as well as in abnormal cortical excitability and a lack of habituation, assessed with visual evoked potentials elicited by pattern-reversal stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, the goal was to determine whether factors such as age and/or disease severity may exert a modulatory influence on sensory sensitivity, cortical excitability, and habituation. (biomedcentral.com)

Ctsl knockout mouse revealed severe reduction in frequency and repertoire of CD4 T cells and impairment of invariant chain degradation. (wikipedia.org)

We can efficiently differentiate the iPS cells (provided by users or generated by us) to cerebral cortical neural lineage using defined neural induction medium and substrates. (technologynetworks.com)

Knockout of this gene revealed only slight reduction in positive selection of CD8 T cells, but TCR repertoire of these cells was shown to be limited and they revealed impaired immunological properties e.g. bad antigen responsiveness and failure to maintain naive population in the periphery. (wikipedia.org)
It is now clear that well-known patterns of cell fate gene expression are coordinated with biophysical patterns to segregate and organize cell populations. (rupress.org)
These maps reflect different gene expression gradients in the different cells. (sfari.org)
condition, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)

Stem cell-derived synthetic embryos self-assemble by exploiting cadherin codes and cortical tension. (cam.ac.uk)
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202005216 ) show that EPH activation can drive both heterotypic cell repulsion and homotypic aggregation by triggering increased cortical tension. (rupress.org)
Actomyosin accumulation occurs at EPH/EPHRIN interfaces, suggesting that interfacial tension driven by increased cortical actomyosin contractility may be an important driver of EPH/EPHRIN-mediated cell segregation ( 2 , 3 ). (rupress.org)
In contrast to homotypic pairs of EPHB2 or EPHRIN-B1-expressing cells that formed an extended contact face with large contact angles, heterotypic EPHB2- and EPHRIN-B1-expressing cell pairs exhibited a signaling-dependent reduction in contact face and angle of contact, consistent with an increase in interfacial tension. (rupress.org)
Importantly, when EPHB2- and EPHRIN-B1-expressing cells were plated in 3D aggregates in the absence of extracellular matrix attachment, they segregated completely, suggesting that increased interfacial tension may be the key driver of cell segregation. (rupress.org)

Major role of thymic epithelial cells is to test, whether TCRs are "functional" and on the other hand "harmless" to our body. (wikipedia.org)
While cTECs control the functionality of TCRs during the process called positive selection, Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) that home in the inner part of the thymus- medulla, present on their MHC molecules self-peptides, generated mostly by protein Autoimmune regulator, to eliminate T cells with self-reactive TCRs via processes of central tolerance e.g. negative selection and protect the body against development of autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
Is the mechanical activity of epithelial cells controlled by deformations or forces? (crossref.org)

AMSBIO offers an extensive range of iPSC derived neural cells including normal and Alzheimer's disease neural progenitor cells, and cerebral cortical neurons. (technologynetworks.com)
These neural cells are derived using integration-free, fully defined neural induction conditions. (technologynetworks.com)
After users receive the neural progenitor cells and/or functional neurons from us, AMSBIO will also provide ongoing support to facilitate adaptation of the neural cells in their experimental systems. (technologynetworks.com)
A microscopy image of neural cells where fluorescent markers show different types of cells. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers, from Cortical Labs and The University of Melbourne, used DishBrain - a collection of 800,000 human neural cells learning to play Pong. (eurekalert.org)
The DishBrain criticality project has been an amazing collaborative experience between Cortical Labs, Biomedical Engineering and Neurology," says paper author Dr Chris French, leader of the Neural Dynamics Laboratory at the University of Melbourne's Department of Medicine. (eurekalert.org)

The results indicated that elevated Par3 expression induces cortical localization of the Par-complex at the interphase. (elifesciences.org)

Addgene: Cortical F-actin stabilization generates apical-lateral patterns of junctional contractility that integrate cells into epithelia. (addgene.org)
Diffusion of GPI-anchored proteins is influenced by the activity of dynamic cortical actin. (ncbs.res.in)
A model transmembrane protein with a cytosolic actin-binding domain also exhibits the temperature-independent behavior, directly implicating the role of cortical actin. (ncbs.res.in)

The cardinal classes are a useful simplification of cortical interneuron diversity, but such broad subgroupings gloss over the molecular, morphological, and circuit specificity of interneuron subtypes, most notably among the somatostatin interneuron class. (curiobioscience.com)
We thus provide evidence that subtypes of somatostatin interneurons form cell-type-specific cortical circuits. (curiobioscience.com)

However, there is growing evidence that certain cell surface molecules are driven by the fluctuating dynamics of cortical cytoskeleton. (ncbs.res.in)

Renal cortical necrosis accounts for 2% of all cases of acute renal failure in adults and more than 20% of acute renal failure during the third trimester of pregnancy. (medscape.com)

Volume and cortical thickness analyses were performed using the open-source automated software package FreeSurfer. (mdpi.com)
Here, we report exploratory analyses of cortical thickness and its relation to striatal dopamine transmission in treatment-naïve adults with ADHD and matched healthy controls. (frontiersin.org)
Associations between frontal cortical thickness and the magnitude of d -amphetamine-induced [ 11 C]raclopride binding changes were observed that were divergent in the two groups. (frontiersin.org)
Individual differences in cortical thickness in these regions correlated with ADHD symptom severity. (frontiersin.org)

Cases of renal cortical necrosis are usually bilateral. (medscape.com)
Sepsis-induced acute bilateral renal cortical necrosis. (medscape.com)
Bilateral acute renal cortical necrosis in SLE-associated antiphospholipid syndrome. (medscape.com)

EPH/EPHRIN signaling is crucial to the segregation of cell populations during the morphogenesis of many tissues. (rupress.org)
Heightened awareness of the ability of cells to sense and generate mechanical force has enhanced our appreciation of the sophisticated ways that cells self-organize to create architecturally patterned tissues ( 1 ). (rupress.org)
The major consequence of EPH/EPHRIN signaling is to impair cell contact between ligand and receptor-expressing cells, thereby contributing to cell segregation and boundary formation in developing tissues ( 2 , 3 ). (rupress.org)
Quantifying the mechanics and growth of cells and tissues in 3D using high resolution computational models. (crossref.org)
Next, the team examined the counts of cleaved caspase-3+ cells to determine whether the older or recent hemorrhages were related to increased cell deaths within cortical tissues. (news-medical.net)

Renal cortical necrosis is usually extensive, although focal and localized forms occur. (medscape.com)
There are multiple DCM subsyndromes, including tuberous sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), and polymicrogyria. (eneuro.org)

Only two similar cases with cortical hemorrhages were observed among 300 randomly chosen specimens out of 4,917 specimens sourced from the human development biology resource between September 1999 and December 2019. (news-medical.net)

SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) expression was sparse in cortical microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)-positive and HuC/D-positive neurons and the nestin-positive and Hopx (homeodomain-only protein)-positive radial glial, and Sox2 (sex-determining region Y-box 2)-positive ventricular zone and subventricular zone progenitor cells. (news-medical.net)

Interaction between TCR of double positive T cell and MHC I molecule leads to loss of CD4 expression and double positive T cell becomes CD8 single positive T cell, conversely, engagement of MHC II molecule leads to the development into CD4 single positive T cell. (wikipedia.org)

Krubitzer, L.A. & Seelke, A.M. Cortical evolution in mammals: the bane and beauty of phenotypic variability. (nature.com)
These layers are not homogeneous from one cortical area to another but vary systematically in gradients of laminar elaboration that have been traced across the cortical quilt of all the species of mammals examined so far. (springer.com)

Nat Cell Biol. (addgene.org)
J Cell Biol (2021) 220 (6): e202105015. (rupress.org)

Experimental treatment approaches include vaccines and nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. (medscape.com)

Analyses of endogenous Kv2.2 in cortical neurons in situ and recombinant Kv2.2 expressed in heterologous cells reveal that Kv2.2 is largely refractory to stimuli that trigger robust, phosphorylation-dependent changes in Kv2.1 clustering and function. (jneurosci.org)

Pharmacological experiments revealed that cyclin-dependent kinase activity and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor were cooperatively involved in cell death by 3-NP in striatal neurons, whereas only NMDA receptor was involved in 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in cortical neurons. (nih.gov)
Both striatal p27 down-regulation and cell death provoked by 3-NP were dependent on calpain activity. (nih.gov)
Moreover, transfection of p27 small interfering RNA reduced striatal cell viability. (nih.gov)

This is the first report for differential involvement of cell cycle reactivation in different brain regions and lightens the mechanism for region-selective vulnerability in human disease, including Huntington disease. (nih.gov)
Differential adhesion is also thought to contribute to EPH/EPHRIN-driven cell segregation, for example via EPH-stimulated E-cadherin cleavage ( 5 ). (rupress.org)
1997. Induction of apoptotic cell death by particulate lead chromate: Differential effects of vitamins C and E on genotoxicity and survival. (cdc.gov)

This is the first direct demonstration of α2δ-1's role in injury-induced cell death in the CNS, and suggests that α2δ-1 may be broadly involved in pathologic changes after neonatal brain insult. (eneuro.org)
To better understand the molecular and cellular changes associated with early life insult-induced cortical network reorganization, we used the neonatal freeze-lesion (FL) model. (eneuro.org)

Functional implications of cross-orientation inhibition of cortical visual cells. (unipi.it)
i) The inhibition was typically stronger for simple than for complex cells. (unipi.it)
These last two results suggest that the inhibition arises not from a single cell but from a pool of cells. (unipi.it)
iv) The pattern of the discharge of the inhibition in response to stimulation by phase-reversed sinusoidal gratings is consistent with the notion that the inhibition arises from complex cells. (unipi.it)
A second series of recordings of stimulation by visual noise patterns demonstrated how 'cross-orientation inhibition' prevents simple cells from responding to two-dimensional visual noise while allowing them to respond to comparable one-dimensional noise patterns. (unipi.it)

In cortical neurons, however, there was no change in somatic Ca(2+) and calpain activity by 3-NP, and calpain inhibitors were not protective. (nih.gov)

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that express neurotransmitter receptors. (nature.com)

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