OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth CareGeographicals
Coronavirus OC43, HumanCoronaviridaeCoronavirus InfectionsCoronavirusNidoviralesCoronavirus, BovineSARS VirusCoronaviridae InfectionsSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusCoronavirus 229E, HumanNucleocapsid ProteinsCoronavirus, FelineRespiratory Tract InfectionsCoronavirus, CanineSevere Acute Respiratory SyndromeMurine hepatitis virusTransmissible gastroenteritis virusInfectious bronchitis virusChinaTravelDisease OutbreaksPneumonia, ViralPneumoniaPneumonia, BacterialParamyxoviridae InfectionsParainfluenza Virus 1, HumanInfluenza, HumanInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
229EBetacoronavirusNL63NidoviralesInfect humansVirusesBovine coronavirus2020StrainsDifferent coronavirusesDiseaseMERSPathogenic coronavirusesPneumoniaGenomeSeasonal coronavirusesInfectionsFamilyAntiviralProteinSpecies of coronavirusStrain of coronavirusViralPrevious coronavirusSpikeAnti-coronavirusBeta coronavirusAmong coronavirusesReceptorAntibodiesPandemicSevere acute reDiseasesHighly conservedCross-reactivityWuhanVaccinesPathogensDetectionHCoVVirusCharacteristics
229E20
  • The Coronaviridae family includes four species/strains that are endemic in the human population -- HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43 -- and are usually associated with mild, self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections. (scienceboard.net)
  • A second library consisted of 244,000 peptides covering the full proteomes of all viruses known to infect humans, including endemic seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1), SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. (scienceboard.net)
  • The HR2 epitope is highly conserved between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and HCoV-OC43 (all members of the betacoronavirus genera), but not with HCoV-229E which is an alphacoronavirus. (scienceboard.net)
  • 9 Coronavirus is characterized by spikes sticking out from the surface, which in part have the same characteristics as SARS-CoV, and other four Human coronaviruses HCoV-NL63 (human coronavirus NL63), HCoV-229E (human coronavirus 229E), HCoV-OC43 (human coronavirus OC43), and HCoV-HKU1 (human coronavirus HKU1), which only cause mild respiratory diseases. (medsci.org)
  • Die Stämme HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV und HCoV-HKU1 verursachen beim Menschen Erkältungen, Infektionen der oberen Atemwege, Bronchiolitis und Lungenentzündungen. (biozol.de)
  • Several different strains of coronaviruses are currently known to infect humans (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, NcoV and HCoV-EMC). (biozol.de)
  • Strains HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV and HCoV-HKU1 cause cold, upper respiratory infection, bronchiolitis and pneumonia in humans. (biozol.de)
  • While there are numerous viruses belonging to the Coronaviridae family, seven coronaviruses are known to infect humans ( i.e. , 229E, OC43, SARS-CoV, NL63, HKU1, MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and SARS-CoV-2) and they were identified after the year 2000 except for 229E and OC43, which were reported in the 1960s. (jmb.or.kr)
  • Two types of alphacoronaviruses (229E and NL63) and two types of betacoronaviruses (OC43 and HKU1) are pathogens of humans and cause the common cold. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Therefore we investigated the virucidal and antiviral potential of Echinacea purpurea (Echinaforce®) against human coronavirus (HCoV) 229E, highly pathogenic MERS- and SARS-CoVs, as well as the newly identified SARS-CoV-2, in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Four of those, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1, are non-zoonotic and cause worldwide outbreaks of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) predominantly in the winter period [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 cause infection and colds in immunosuppressed individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • People around the world commonly get infected with human coronaviruses 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • C oronaviruses are a large family of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that can cause diseases in both humans and animals, and have caused significant public health concerns, and some human coronaviruses, such as OC43, NL63, 229E, and HKU1, can cause mild to moderate flu-like symptoms. (org.sa)
  • The earliest ones discovered were an infectious bronchitis virus in chickens and two in human patients with the common cold (later named human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43). (naijavibe.net)
  • Few them are human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), HCoV-OC43 which is related coronavirus (SARA-Cov). (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • Human Coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein ( E. coli ). (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • Human Coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein is a recombinant protein containing 359 amino acids derived from the nucleocapsid sequence, with a C-terminal 6xHis tag [4]. (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • Known coronaviruses to infect humans are HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1, as well as the SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 . (konsyse.com)
  • METHODS: Different coronaviruses (including wild type, delta and omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, and NL63, 229E and OC43 seasonal coronaviruses) were used in lung cell lines and hAOs models. (bvsalud.org)
Betacoronavirus7
NL632
  • Human Coronavirus NL63 Nucleoprotein is a recombinant protein containing the nucleocapsid C-terminal region (130 amino acids), cloned and expressed in E. coli , and purified by affinity chromatography (nickel column) [4]. (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • Human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus (but not NL63) and M. pneumoniae were detected in almost all age groups without any significant bias. (who.int)
Nidovirales6
Infect humans1
  • 6 Compared with known coronaviruses that can infect humans, the SARS-CoV-2 structure has certain differences, so it is defined as the seventh coronavirus. (medsci.org)
Viruses22
  • However some viruses, including the group 2 coronaviruses, have evolved mechanisms to overcome or circum. (worktribe.com)
  • Human coronavirus strains have remained endemic in the United States since 1965, when these viruses first were isolated and characterized. (medscape.com)
  • This was an infection with much greater morbidity and mortality than previous viruses from the Coronaviridae family. (medscape.com)
  • Background: Coronaviruses are positive single-stranded RNA viruses of the family Coronaviridae . (biozol.de)
  • Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with a large genome, typically 26-32 kb in length. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These commonly circulating viruses have been thought to be responsible for 10-15% of all URTIs in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virus was first officially named the 2019 novel coronavirus (nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequently termed 'severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2)' by The International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Coronaviruses (CoV) are member of a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • Novel CoV-2019's story is not very old, a new group of viruses with the name of coronaviruses have been recognized by an informal group of virologists who have sent their conclusions to Nature and consequently in 1975 the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) approved the creation of a new family, Coronaviridae, with one genus, Coronavirus (Tyrrell et al. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • The Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses assessed the placement of the human pathogen which was tentatively named 2019-nCoV ( Reference ), within the Coronaviridae . (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 27 to 34 kilobases, the largest among known RNA viruses. (naijavibe.net)
  • Corona viruses belong to the Coronaviridae family and appear just like spiked rings when observed through an electron microscope. (projectclue.com)
  • World Health Organization (WHO) has given name to this virus as 2019-nCoV (Novel Coronavirus 2019, 2020) which was later renamed as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. (projectclue.com)
  • Coronavirus (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as MERS and SARS. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)
  • Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause diseases in mammalian, avian, and reptilian species. (konsyse.com)
  • In humans, some of these viruses can cause respiratory tract infections with varying severity ranging from mild illnesses such as the common cold and more severe diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. (konsyse.com)
  • Spillover: How Viruses Jump from Animals to Humans. (konsyse.com)
  • The virus has been designated SARS-CoV-2 by the Coronavirus Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. (rapidmicrobiology.com)
  • Coronaviruses are large viruses, ranging from 65nm- 125nm in diameter, they are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome belonging to the Coronaviridae family. (rapidmicrobiology.com)
  • On 11 February 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses adopted the official name "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS‑CoV‑2). (wikizero.com)
Bovine coronavirus4
  • Analysis of the replication of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) clone 13 (A), bovine coronavirus (BCoV) (B), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (C) and of the production of. (cdc.gov)
  • CRCoV is a group 2 coronavirus most closely related to bovine coronavirus and human. (worktribe.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a primary cause of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide, and is also associated with acute diarrhea in adult cattle during the winter season, resulting heavy economic losses to both dairy and beef industry throughout the world. (ac.ir)
  • Recombinant hemagglutinin-esterase of Bovine coronavirus strain L9 (amino acids 17 - 392). (european-virus-archive.com)
20208
  • As of 24 February 2020, a total of 79,331 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 2618 deaths, were reported in China and 27 other countries, 11 posing a serious threat to global public health and thus calling for the prompt development of specific anti-coronavirus therapeutics and prophylactics for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. (nature.com)
  • Whereas, SARS-CoV-1, the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 (all betacoronaviruses) cause more severe disease in humans including, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and neurologic diseases ( Amanat & Krammer, 2020 ). (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • In early January 2020, the specific virus was isolated and later identified as a novel coronavirus by sequencing ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) described the disease caused by the virus as Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on 10 January 2020 [3]. (ospublishers.com)
  • However, on the 30th January 2020, the WHO revealed the causative virus as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and due to the rapid spread of the disease, the body declared it a 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern' [4, 5]. (ospublishers.com)
  • It is important to mention that the 2019-2020 outbreaks started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 (The Editorial Board, 2020) when a new strain of coronavirus was detected on 31st December 2019 (WHO, 2020). (projectclue.com)
  • The virus causes the so-called novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 (https://www.who.int/ru/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020). (crie.ru)
  • Seasonal human coronaviruses, human metapneumovirus, M. pneumoniae and several other pathogens were detected until April 2020. (who.int)
Strains5
  • To do this, they used epitope-level assays that have the potential to provide additional information about immune cross-reactivity between other coronavirus strains and SARS-CoV-2. (scienceboard.net)
  • They compared SARS-CoV-2 reactivity profiles with patterns of peptides from the second constructed peptide library which included endemic human coronavirus strains. (scienceboard.net)
  • Coronavirus and its strains are associated to the subfamily of Orthocoronavirinae. (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • In this paper discusses about antigen and antibody for development of vaccines for coronavirus and its strains so that some of the B cells become memory B cells which recognizes future exposure to the disease. (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • It been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells 100-1000 times more than previous coronavirus strains and does so by interacting with human ACE2 receptors. (rapidmicrobiology.com)
Different coronaviruses3
  • Previously, there were two outbreaks of severe coronavirus caused by different coronaviruses worldwide, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). (medsci.org)
  • Host immune response to coronaviruses and the role of cross-reactivity immunity among different coronaviruses are crucial for understanding and combating the continuing COVID-19 outbreak and potential subsequent pandemics. (org.sa)
  • RESULTS: Dexamethasone and 5-aminosalicylic acid moderately stimulated the replication of different coronaviruses. (bvsalud.org)
Disease31
  • More recently, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV have emerged and caused severe disease in humans. (scienceboard.net)
  • Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous coronavirus exposures, and which have potential to raise broadly-neutralizing antibodies," said senior author, John Altin, PhD, assistant professor in TGen's infectious disease branch. (scienceboard.net)
  • The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China has posed a serious threat to global public health. (nature.com)
  • Shortly thereafter, a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, as denoted by WHO, 3 was identified as the pathogen causing the coronavirus disease COVID-19. (nature.com)
  • Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) has been detected recently in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease and is involved in the clinical disease complex. (worktribe.com)
  • Please see Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children . (medscape.com)
  • Diagnostics, vaccines, and drugs are indispensable tools and control measures employed to overcome infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (jmb.or.kr)
  • To investigate the in vivo mechanisms of antibody-mediated dengue pathogenesis, we developed a mouse model for dengue disease that recapitulates the unique complexity of human FcγRs. (bvsalud.org)
  • The human disease gene LYSET is essential for lysosomal enzyme transport and viral infection. (stanford.edu)
  • SARS-CoV-2, previously known as the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), causes the pandemic COVID-19 disease. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • The CoVs capable of causing disease in humans (HCoVs) were traditionally thought to cause only mild gastrointestinal and respiratory tract symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The new disease was caused by a new type of coronavirus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2)‑causing CoV disease 2019 (COVID‑19) emerged in China and has become a global pandemic. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Collectively, all the associated diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 are termed Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It helps reduce the risk of heart disease by decreasing cholesterol and triglyceride levels, improves brain function, memory, reaction time, and the human ability to perform tasks. (scitcentral.com)
  • Medicinal plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites that can cope with the disease problems of human beings. (scitcentral.com)
  • 1 , 2 However, over the past twenty years, the world has faced 3 major pandemics of serious and lethal human coronaviruses, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) which was found at the end of 2019 and has caused the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 disease. (org.sa)
  • The diseases caused by this virus is called as coronavirus disease 2019 and abbreviated as COVID-19 [CO: corona, VI: virus, D: disease and 19: 2019 year]. (projectclue.com)
  • This disease is popularly known as the Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID 2019. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • In the year 2019, many medical agencies and research organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) observed the reasons behind the outbreak of the very popular Novel Coronavirus in china. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • Very critical disease including respiratory problems in humans. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with the novel SARS-CoV-2, infections have spread worldwide. (aaqr.org)
  • The epidemic progression during the first wave of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its associated disease COVID-19 in northern Italy had its most dramatic impact in certain hotspots across the Po-Valley, stretching from north-western provinces such as Piedmont, Lombardy all the way to towards the north-east affecting even Emilia Romagna and Veneto. (aaqr.org)
  • Of 13 team members, 11 fell ill with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • COVID-19 (novel COronaVirus Disease-2019) is the disease, SARS-CoV-2 is the virus. (hopkinsguides.com)
  • lt;p>In December 2019, in Wuhan (People's Republic of China, PRC) there was an outbreak of a new disease caused by the virus later named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2, SARS CoV-2, 2019-nCoV). (crie.ru)
  • During the coronavirus disease pandemic in Japan, all patients with respiratory symptoms were initially tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). (who.int)
  • 9-11 Unlike other countries, Japan the illness later termed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). (who.int)
  • BACKGROUND: Immunocompromised populations, such as organ transplant recipients and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory medications, may be more susceptible to coronavirus infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • In total, 79 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 22 patients with influenza A virus infection were included. (bvsalud.org)
MERS19
  • Replicative capacity of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was assessed in cell lines derived from livestock and peridomestic small mammals on the Arabian Peninsula. (cdc.gov)
  • As with SARS-CoV, it is expected that MERS-CoV might be transmitted to humans by an intermediate animal host, and neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV have been found in Arabian camels originating from Oman, Spain, and Egypt ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We previously developed a pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor, EK1, which targeted the HR1 domain and could inhibit infection by divergent human coronaviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. (nature.com)
  • EK1C4 was also highly effective against membrane fusion and infection of other human coronavirus pseudoviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as SARSr-CoVs, and potently inhibited the replication of 5 live human coronaviruses examined, including SARS-CoV-2. (nature.com)
  • In the past dozen years, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus is the third on record spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans after occurring of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) started in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2014, which is resulting in a pandemic in global. (medsci.org)
  • Before the emergence of SARS-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), all coronaviruses were thought to only cause trivial respiratory illness and occasionally gastroenteritis, so little research focused on these viral pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • In the case of human-infecting coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-KU1, the spike protein contains an insertion of (R/K)-(2X)n-(R/K) (furin cleavage motif) at the S1/S2 site, which is absent in SARS-CoV and other SARS-related coronaviruses, as well as Ro-BatCoV HKU9. (nih.gov)
  • Among these human coronaviruses, only three coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) are known to cause severe respiratory diseases and were reported in 2002, 2012, and 2019, respectively. (jmb.or.kr)
  • The observed virucidal activity of Echinaforce® was not restricted to common cold coronaviruses, as both SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoVs were inactivated at comparable concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the more virulent coronaviruses, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and SARS-CoV-1 have animal reservoirs with proposed origins in bats [ 7 ] and can cause severe pneumonias with longer incubation periods and often fatal outcome [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three recent examples of this are SARS2 CoV2019, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV ( https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html ). (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • Furthermore, despite their distinct nature, these coronaviruses share several similarities in their genomic structure, receptor usage, and clinical manifestation, and multiple studies have provided evidence that the sera obtained from people who are infected with MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV have the ability to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, and vice versa. (org.sa)
  • In this review, we present a summary of the current knowledge of the role of cross-reactivity between the circulating common cold coronaviruses, as well as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and their possible protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. (org.sa)
  • In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), and others that can be lethal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. (naijavibe.net)
  • infections caused by coronavirus like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) have inclined to be very severe and can cause significant mortality. (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • MERS Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein (S1), His-tag is a recombinant protein containing a peptide from amino acids 56 to 295 of MERS-CoV Spike protein S1, cloned and expressed in E. coli [4]. (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • Recombinant Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV) Spike 1 protein (S1), manufactured in HEK293 cells with C-terminal mouse Fc-tag [4]. (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • However, some of them have evolved and jumped to humans through a spillover event, such as in the case of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and four other coronaviruses that cause mild respiratory symptoms in the human population. (konsyse.com)
  • For example, there is a broad consensus that SARS-CoV was transmitted from bats to civet cats and further down to humans while MERS-CoV came from dromedary camels. (konsyse.com)
Pathogenic coronaviruses3
  • The recent, frequent emergence of these highly pathogenic coronaviruses emphasizes the need for concerted global efforts to better prepare for these recurring challenges. (jmb.or.kr)
  • This review paper explores how previous exposure to common cold coronaviruses and more pathogenic coronaviruses may elicit a protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discusses the challenges posed by some variants of concern that may escape current vaccines. (org.sa)
  • 2019-nCoV has high homology to other pathogenic coronaviruses, such as those originating from bat-related zoonosis (SARS-CoV), which caused approximately 646 deaths in China at the start of the decade. (revclinesp.es)
Pneumonia4
Genome6
  • 6 , 8 , 10 The genome and subgenome of the new coronavirus contain at least 6 open reading frames (ORFs), which generally have 5' leader and 3' end sequences. (medsci.org)
  • Designated "severe acute respiratory syndrome" gets in the SARS-CoV genome for rapid deployment to the (SARS), the etiologic agent was later identified as a National Laboratory Response Network for Bioterrorism hitherto unrecognized coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (5,6). (cdc.gov)
  • Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, spherical virus and contains a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA as its genome. (jmb.or.kr)
  • Image: Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • The size of genome for coronaviruses varies from 27 to 34 kilobases. (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • The genome structure of coronavirus has unique features that includes N-terminal fragment within spike protein [2]. (biogenericpublishers.com)
Seasonal coronaviruses1
  • Can antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses protect against SARS-CoV-2? (scienceboard.net)
Infections6
  • Basis of treatment based dendritic cells to combat coronavirus infections is summarized. (medsci.org)
  • Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) first were identified in 1965 as a common cause of mild upper and lower respiratory infections in children and adults, similar to illness produced by rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus. (medscape.com)
  • SARS-CoV-1 was introduced into the human species in 2002 causing a worldwide pandemic, culminating in 8422 infections and 916 deaths [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to animals, wherein they have been shown to infect several tissues causing a large variety of diseases, mainly human respiratory infections with mild common cold-like symptoms, with occasional gastrointestinal problems have been reported. (scitcentral.com)
  • There are yet to be vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections. (naijavibe.net)
  • Coronavirus for common human respiratory coronavirus infections. (hopkinsguides.com)
Family7
  • 2009). "Revision of the family Coronaviridae" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), identified in 2003, is a member of the Coronaviridae family. (worktribe.com)
  • They belong to the family Coronaviridae and are capable of infecting a wide variety of hosts [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As an accurate profile of the virus is urgently required, the present article screened the available literature on SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the coronavirus family to perform a literature review. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The Coronavirinae Suborder is further subdivided into Coronaviridae family, two subfamilies Letovirinae and Orthocoronavirinae four genera the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta coronaviruses and further into 24 subgenera and 39 species ( more on ICTV ). (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious, potentially life-threatening viral infection caused by a previously unrecognized virus from the Coronaviridae family, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (medscape.com)
  • Positive sense, single-stranded enveloped RNA virus belongs to the family Coronaviridae . (hopkinsguides.com)
Antiviral4
  • By studying other SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, it is hypothesized that patients with COVID‑19 may lack sufficient antiviral T‑cell responses, which consequently present with innate immune response disorders. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, little is known about how immunosuppressants affect coronavirus replication and their combinational effects with antiviral drugs. (bvsalud.org)
  • OBJECTIVE: This study aims to profile the effects of immunosuppressants and the combination of immunosuppressants with oral antiviral drugs molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir on pan-coronavirus infection in cell and human airway organoids (hAOs) culture models. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Different immunosuppressants have distinct effects on coronavirus replication, with 6-TG, MPA, tofacitinib and filgotinib possessing pan-coronavirus antiviral activity. (bvsalud.org)
Protein8
  • Like other embecoviruses, it has an additional shorter spike-like surface protein called hemagglutinin esterase (HE) as well as the larger coronavirus spike protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The researchers hypothesized that cross-reactivity of antibodies can be explained by exposure to conserved protein regions of related endemic human coronaviruses. (scienceboard.net)
  • One frame encodes the spike protein (S protein), a class I fusion protein that forms homotrimers protruding from the viral surface and mediates coronaviruses attachment and adhesion to human target cells via a host receptor. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • The name coronavirus is derived from the Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "halo", which refers to the characteristic appearance reminiscent of a crown or a solar corona around the virions (virus particles) when viewed under two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy, due to the surface covering in club-shaped protein spikes. (naijavibe.net)
  • SARS Coronavirus Envelope Protein is a recombinant antigen which contains the N-terminus (1-76 amino acids) of the Envelope protein immunodominant regions. (biogenericpublishers.com)
  • Human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a decrease in TRMT1 protein levels and TRMT1-catalyzed tRNA modifications, consistent with TRMT1 cleavage and inactivation by Nsp5. (elifesciences.org)
  • A significant mutation (N501Y) in the spike protein gives the virus improved binding affinity to the human ACE2 receptor. (rapidmicrobiology.com)
  • [24] [25] It enters human cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane protein that regulates the renin-angiotensin system. (wikizero.com)
Species of coronavirus1
  • This new species of coronavirus has been termed 2019-nCoV and has caused a considerable number of cases of infection and deaths in China and, to a growing degree, beyond China, becoming a worldwide public health emergency. (revclinesp.es)
Strain of coronavirus2
Viral8
  • To develop specific anti-coronavirus therapeutics and prophylactics, the molecular mechanism that underlies viral infection must first be defined. (nature.com)
  • Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis, with an estimated 3 million cases per year in the United Kingdom. (worktribe.com)
  • We demonstrate that integrative analysis of CRISPR screening datasets enables network-based prioritization of prescription drugs modulating viral entry in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by developing a network-based approach called Rapid proXimity Guidance for Repurposing Investigational Drugs (RxGRID). (stanford.edu)
  • Finally, we show that spironolactone exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on viral entry in human lung epithelial cells. (stanford.edu)
  • The evolution of viral variants and subvariants has slowed due to significant global human immunity. (hopkinsguides.com)
  • Compared to wildtype human cells, TRMT1-deficient human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit reduced levels of intracellular viral RNA. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nsp3 and Nsp5 are essential for viral replication and represent well-characterized drug targets among coronaviruses. (elifesciences.org)
  • Mycophenolic acid (MPA), 6-thioguanine (6-TG), tofacitinib and filgotinib treatment dose-dependently inhibited viral replication of all tested coronaviruses in both cell lines and hAOs. (bvsalud.org)
Previous coronavirus1
  • We further demonstrate that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind to endemic coronavirus peptides, suggesting that the response to SARS-CoV-2 at these regions may be constrained by previous coronavirus exposure. (scienceboard.net)
Spike3
  • This group contains the SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains of the S1 subunit C-terminal domain (C-domain), the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from betacoronaviruses in the nobecovirus subgenus (D lineage), including Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 (Ro-BatCoV HKU9). (nih.gov)
  • Human monoclonal recombinant IgG1 targeting the S2 domain of HCoV-OC43 Spike domain, as determined by ELISA. (european-virus-archive.com)
  • Structure of SARS Coronavirus Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Complexed with Receptor. (konsyse.com)
Anti-coronavirus1
  • The anti-coronavirus effect of the JAK inhibitors tofacitinib and filgotinib is dependent on the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. (bvsalud.org)
Beta coronavirus3
  • SARS-CoV, ein Beta-Coronavirus, verursacht das schwere akute respiratorische Syndrom (SARS). (biozol.de)
  • SARS-CoV-2 ist ein Beta-Coronavirus, das im Dezember 2019 in Wuhan, China, aufgetreten ist. (biozol.de)
  • SARS-CoV-2 is a beta coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. (biozol.de)
Among coronaviruses1
  • We propose a novel mucosal universal vaccine that consists of cross-reactive antigenic peptides with highly conserved epitopes among coronaviruses, conjugated with an immunostimulant adjuvant cytokine, including B-cell activating factor (BAFF). (org.sa)
Receptor1
  • The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 subunit contains the coronavirus fusion machinery and is primarily alpha-helical. (nih.gov)
Antibodies3
  • With at least six previous exposures to various types of coronaviruses, researchers are exploring if antibodies created during earlier infection with coronaviruses can help to fight off SARS-CoV-2 infection. (scienceboard.net)
  • It has been commonly observed that many people tend to become ill regularly under the influence of Coronavirus and its antibodies do not have a very long life. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • The antibodies of Coronavirus against one strain might be completely ineffective against the other strain. (dailyhealthcures.com)
Pandemic2
Severe acute re5
Diseases3
  • At the time of this writing, more than 7 million COVID-19 cases are diagnosed worldwide, and it has been increasing still ( https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 ). (medsci.org)
  • Explain the Novel Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19)? (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • Coronaviruses also commonly infect birds and mammals, causing gastroenteritis and respiratory diseases. (hopkinsguides.com)
Highly conserved1
  • The N166 epitope, while not correlated to any endemic coronaviruses, what highly conserved with SARS-CoV peptides in the analysis. (scienceboard.net)
Cross-reactivity2
  • Ultimately, a better understanding of the role of cross-reactivity between coronaviruses is crucial for the development of diagnostic tools and treatments, and more importantly, for designing effective vaccines, which can offer broad-spectrum activity and protection against multiple emerging coronaviruses. (org.sa)
  • In addition, we consider the implications of cross-reactivity in developing universal mucosal adjuvant vaccines that may provide broad protection against emerging coronaviruses. (org.sa)
Wuhan3
Vaccines1
  • Vaccines for coronaviruses are not yet available and treatment remains only symptomatic. (scitcentral.com)
Pathogens1
  • Most pathogens were human metapneumovirus (25.4%, 54 cases), rhinovirus (16.4%, 35 cases) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (13.1%, 23 cases). (who.int)
Detection1
  • More work on avian coronavirus detection and diversity estimation is needed for the breeding territories of migrating birds, where the high diversity and high prevalence of Orthomyxoviridae and Paramyxoviridae have already been shown in wild birds. (bvsalud.org)
HCoV3
  • Intranasal application of EK1C4 before or after challenge with HCoV-OC43 protected mice from infection, suggesting that EK1C4 could be used for prevention and treatment of infection by the currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging SARSr-CoVs. (nature.com)
  • In the year 1960, many researchers identified the symptoms of Human Coronavirus (HCoV) in the noses of people with the common cold. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • Known Human Coronaviruses: From HCoV-OC43 to SARS-CoV-2. (konsyse.com)
Virus14
  • The successful development and implementation to intervene prevention and treatment of virus infection over the past hundred years have had great advances on human and animal health. (medsci.org)
  • The SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily affects the human respiratory system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This virus was found to have 86.9% resemblance to a bat coronavirus, and, hence, is suspected to develop from bats (Lu et al. (projectclue.com)
  • A typical virus type that affects the respiratory system of birds, animals and mammals is called Coronavirus. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • For more than a decade this virus was responsible for the common cold and related issues but recently the outbreak of Coronavirus in China has kept the whole world in shock. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • But later there was no such relation giving the conclusion that the virus spreads between humans too. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • Although there is no proper vaccine of Coronavirus in the market the scientists are capable to detect the virus and early treatment is still a possible option available. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • Physical contact with a person suffering from Coronavirus could lead to the transmission of the virus. (dailyhealthcures.com)
  • 2019-nCoV es un virus con alta homología con otros coronavirus patogénicos, como los originados por zoonosis con murciélagos (SARS-CoV) causantes de aproximadamente 646 muertes en China a principios de la década. (revclinesp.es)
  • SARS-CoV-2 uncertainty exists regarding whether its emergence into human populations appears to be a zoonotic infection or related to release from a laboratory studying the virus. (hopkinsguides.com)
  • As of January 2021, according to the John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/), there were more than 100 million confirmed COVID-19 cases and more than 2 million deaths worldwide, the numbers being illustrative of the speed of the virus spread and urgency of containment measures to halt the spread. (crie.ru)
  • [18] The virus is of zoonotic origin and has close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses, suggesting it emerged from a bat-borne virus . (wikizero.com)
  • [20] The virus shows little genetic diversity , indicating that the spillover event introducing SARS‑CoV‑2 to humans is likely to have occurred in late 2019. (wikizero.com)
  • Moreover, there was a high presence of birds co-infected with avian coronavirus, avian influenza virus, and avian paramyxovirus. (bvsalud.org)
Characteristics2
  • In this review, the characteristics of coronavirus are described briefly. (medsci.org)
  • This article introduced the origin, virological characteristics and epidemiological overview of SARS-CoV-2, reviewed the currently known drugs that may prevent and treat coronavirus, explained the characteristics of the new coronavirus and provided novel information for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. (medsci.org)