• A rat model of myocardial I/R injury was constructed by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, which was subsequently treated with GRh2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to construct the model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Acidified NaNO2 (12.5-50 mmol/kg/hr) was infused i.v., starting 30 min postocclusion followed by reperfusion 1 hr later, in cats subjected to MI by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Oral dosing of rats with SCN-, before acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (30 min occlusion, 24 h or 4 week recovery), significantly reduced the infarct size as a percentage of the total reperfused area (54% versus 74%), and increased the salvageable area (46% versus 26%) as determined by MRI imaging. (ku.dk)
  • Apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes has been demonstrated in animal models with coronary artery occlusion [ 1 ], and experimental evidence suggests that myocardial cells are able to undergo apoptosis during ischemia followed by reperfusion [ 2 ]. (ac.ir)
  • Myocardial reperfusion is the restoration of coronary blood flow after a period of coronary occlusion. (aku.edu)
  • Whether triggered by multivessel spasm, thrombosis, epicardial vessel occlusion, or direct myocardial toxicity remains to be seen. (medscape.com)
  • Mass spectrometry identified Ser150 of mouse cTnI as an O-GlcNAcylation site, suggesting a potential role in regulating myocardial contractility. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pathophysiological nature of MIRI is the short-term disturbance of myocardial energy and metabolism caused by reflow after ischemia and hypoxia in the coronary artery and the dynamic changes in apoptosis and the prosurvival signaling pathways in response to related injury factors. (hindawi.com)
  • Dexmedetomidine pretreatment can obviously relieve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats probably by activating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Upregulation of Fas expression in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and atorvastatin can significantly inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting Fas expression. (ac.ir)
  • Both ischemic and reperfused rat myocardium can undergo apoptotic cell death, however the myocardium, which is subjected to ischemia followed by reperfusion, undergoes accelerated apoptosis [ 3 ]. (ac.ir)
  • In conclusion, myocardial damage in MI is mainly due to ischemic necrosis and inflammatory mechanisms while apoptosis is the main mechanism of cell death in IR in addition to limited ischemic necrosis. (aku.edu)
  • In animal models, increased apoptosis accompanies both phases of ischemia and reperfusion [8]. (biomedres.us)
  • Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange is protective against ischemic injury, while inhibition of the vacuolar ATPase promotes apoptosis, in part by shifting the proton load toward the Na+/H+ transporter and thus increasing Ca2+ uptake, and in part by reducing the myocyte capacity to control [pH]i. (biomedres.us)
  • End of the experiments we collected blood samples for the measurement of endothelial dysfunction parameter asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), apoptosis parameters M30 and M65, cardiac risk factors homocysteine and serum lipid profile.CDP-choline treatment significantly attenuated the size of infarct area induced by long term ischemia-reperfusion versus saline group. (uludag.edu.tr)
  • BACKGROUND: A mouse model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is widely used to study myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI). (bvsalud.org)
  • The effects of acidified sodium nitrite (NaNO2) which releases nitric oxide, a substance which is thought to be indistinguishable from endothelium-derived relaxing factor, were investigated in a 6-h model of myocardial ischemia (MI) with reperfusion in open-chest, anesthetized cats. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In lpr mice, a naturally occurring mutant deficient in Fas, there is marked reduction in infarct size and abundance of apoptotic cardiac myocytes following ischemia and reperfusion that also signifies the importance of Fas pathway in ischemia-reperfusion injury [ 5 ]. (ac.ir)
  • For the end point infarct size, estimated by biomarkers of myocardial necrosis, an overall pooled effect was SMD =−0.58, 95% CI: −0.96 to −0.19. (dovepress.com)
  • 2 Paradoxically, reperfusion itself can enlarge the infarct size, by complex mechanisms collectively termed ischemia/reperfusion injury. (dovepress.com)
  • 3 In 2003, Zhao and et all published experimental data demonstrating a considerable reduction of infarct size by a reperfusion procedure termed ischemic postconditioning (IPost), consisting of brief, repetitive cycles of reperfusion and reocclusion, followed by sustained reperfusion. (dovepress.com)
  • Today cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging allows a comprehensive infarct characterization including the assessment of microvascular injury [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hearts of the animals were removed and stained with a histologic dye at the end of the reperfusion and risk area/infarct area percent ratio was calculated. (uludag.edu.tr)
  • These pleiotropic effects thus have a major role in protecting the myocardium against ischemic injury. (ac.ir)
  • The most effective early treatment for reducing AMI injury and limiting the infarcted myocardium is timely coronary revascularization using thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This coupled comorbidity of pathological ischemia and therapeutic reinjury of infarcted myocardium, namely, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), is particularly refractory to treatment [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • During injury stimulation, the major effects on the cardiac function may be those involving mitochondria-dominated events along with potential nucleus-governed genetic/epigenetic alternations within the cardiomyocytes as well as the macrophage-led inflammation and T-cell-led immune responses underlying the myocardium-vessel interactive cascade. (hindawi.com)
  • However, whether GRh2 has a protective effect on ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) in the myocardium has yet to be elucidated. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Restoring damaged myocardial tissue with therapeutic exogenous cells still has some limitations, such as immunological rejection, immature cardiac properties, risk of tumorigenicity, and a low cell survival rate in the ischemic myocardium microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Reperfusion has the potential to salvage ischemic myocardium but paradoxically can cause injury, a phenomenon called as 'reperfusion injury' (IR). (aku.edu)
  • Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were also used to evaluate the protective effect of GRh2 on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‑induced myocardial injury in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The needleless approach provides millions of patients with potential myocardial ischemic diseases a minimum risk solution for examining their coronary circulation without the potential harm from the standard clinical exams. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • While effective early reperfusion of the criminal coronary artery after a confirmed AMI is the typical treatment at present, collateral myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and pertinent cardioprotection are still challenging to address and have inadequately understood mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its anti-apoptotic role, as well as the mechanism by which it regulates Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signal. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Thirty Wistar rats were selected and divided into three groups (n = 10): acute ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, acute ischemia-reperfusion and treated with atorvastatin group and sham-operated group. (ac.ir)
  • Pretreating the rats with simvastatin 18 hour prior to the induction of ischemiareperfusion has been shown to reduce cardiac dysfunction and improve coronary flow [ 7 ]. (ac.ir)
  • In this study, we investigated that if CDP-choline has protective effects against long-term myocardial ischemia-reperfursion injury in rats.Long term ischemia-reperfusion was produced in anaesthetized rats by ligature of the left main coronary artery for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion period for the next 180 minutes. (uludag.edu.tr)
  • These data indicate that elevated levels of the MPO substrate SCN-, which can be readily modulated by dietary means, can protect against acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. (ku.dk)
  • Meng X, Zhang L, Han B and Zhang Z: PHLDA3 inhibition protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response via the Akt/Nrf2 axis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It has been shown that the Fas pathway is functional in cardiac myocytes and plays a critical role in myocardial death due to ischemia-reperfusion in vivo [ 4 ]. (ac.ir)
  • An increase in LDH isoenzyme-1 is characteristic of myocardial damage but hemolysis and cortical necrosis also can generate this result 3 . (edu.pk)
  • The preclinical work focuses on animal models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is an experimental model for STEMI, as well as ex-vivo models of myocardial ischemia. (gu.se)
  • Three distinct pathophysiological processes are critical in the development of 'no reflow' after PPCI for STEMI: distal embolization, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and individual susceptibility [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A positive family history includes any first-degree male relative aged 45 years or younger or any first-degree female relative aged 55 years or younger who experienced an MI or the need for coronary revascularization. (medscape.com)
  • In conclusion, the present study confirmed that GRh2 could reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiomyocytes after reperfusion, and its mechanism of action may be related to its regulation of the Nrf2/HO‑1/NLRP3 signalling pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • An intravital model for imaging the adult and aged IR-injured beating heart in real time in vivo was used to demonstrate heightened basal and injury-induced neutrophil recruitment, and poorer blood flow, in the aged coronary microcirculation when compared with adult hearts. (jci.org)
  • The hallmark features of systemic sclerosis include immune dysregulation with inflammation, vascular injury with an anatomic and functional abnormality, and systemic interstitial fibrosis of organs and skin, leading to multisystem organ damage. (statpearls.com)
  • N-acetylcysteine is known to impair hemostasis when used for the prevention of perioperative inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. (medscape.com)
  • Our findings of an enhanced age-related coronary microcirculatory dysfunction in reperfused hearts may explain the poorer outcomes in elderly patients following MI. (jci.org)
  • It was also seen in myocardial stunning in coronary bypass patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • A high index of suspicion for MI should be maintained, especially when evaluating women, patients with diabetes, older patients, patients with dementia, patients with a history of heart failure, cocaine users, patients with hypercholesterolemia, and patients with a positive family history for early coronary disease (see Etiology ). (medscape.com)
  • Although a recent joint society scientific statement (the American Association of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology) suggests home-based cardiac rehab (CR) is appropriate for low- and moderate-risk patients, there are no paradigms to define such individuals with coronary heart disease. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • We reviewed a decade of data from all patients with coronary heart disease enrolled in a single CR center (University of Michigan) to identify the prevalence of low-risk factors, which may inform on consideration for participation in alternative models of CR. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • In this observational study, we provide a first paradigm of identifying factors among coronary heart disease patients that may be considered low-risk and likely high-gain for participation in alternative models of CR. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • However, we noticed that elevated STB appeared in unstable angina pectoris (UAP) patients with diffused coronary lesions. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Patients were randomized to conventional primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or iPOST in addition to PCI. (lu.se)
  • There is some evidence to suggest that coenzyme Q 10 supplementation may be a useful adjunct to conventional medical therapy for congestive heart failure and in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Importantly, VSIG4 is significantly reduced after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting [ 11 ]. (thno.org)
  • Patients with TCM are found to shift toward the glucose pathway despite relatively normal myocardial perfusion and lack of ischemia in left ventricular segments. (medscape.com)
  • Guha D, Mukerji SS, Chettimada S, Misra V, Lorenz DR, Morgello S, Gabuzda D. Cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicles and neurofilament light protein as biomarkers of central nervous system injury in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. (biovendor.com)
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in approximately 7% of patients undergoing PCI , of whom 3% develop AKI that requires dialysis . (wikidoc.org)
  • 2014). "Contemporary incidence, predictors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: insights from the NCDR Cath-PCI registry" . (wikidoc.org)
  • Bauersachs R, Zeymer U, Brière JB, Marre C, Bowrin K and Huelsebeck M: Burden of coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease: A literature review. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Important elements of the history, such as characteristics of the pain and important associated symptoms, and past history of or risk factors for cardiovascular disease, are used to determine the likelihood that these symptoms represent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to predict the likelihood of clinical outcomes. (medscape.com)
  • the CHA2DS2-VASc-CF takes into account cigarette smoking and a family history of coronary artery disease as risk factors. (medscape.com)
  • Direct involvement can manifest as conduction system abnormalities, myocardial, and pericardial disease. (statpearls.com)
  • CK can also be elevated in the absence of neuromuscular diseases or cardiac injury, such as after strenuous exercise, intramuscular injection, and with renal disease. (medscape.com)
  • Some authors have proposed a unifying hypothesis stating that in susceptible individuals, notably women, neurohormonal stimulation results in acute myocardial dysfunction, as reflected by the characteristic left ventricular wall-motion abnormality of TCM. (medscape.com)
  • Atorvastatin has been shown to be cardioprotective in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. (ac.ir)
  • The possible underlying mechanism of the cardioprotective effect of T. terrestris could be due to restoration of endogenous myocardial antioxidant status or free radical scavenging activity along with correction of the altered hemodynamic parameters and preservation of histoarchitectural and ultrastructural alterations. (scialert.net)
  • Cardioprotective effects of acidified sodium nitrite in myocardial ischemia with reperfusion. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Although, CDP-choline treatment did not significantly alter the blood levels of any parameter (ADMA, M30, M65, homocysteine, serum lipid profile).Results of this study show that CDP-choline exerts cardioprotective effects in long term myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. (uludag.edu.tr)
  • [ 6 ] These include multivessel coronary artery spasm, impaired cardiac microvascular function, impaired myocardial fatty acid metabolism, acute coronary syndrome with reperfusion injury, and endogenous catecholamine-induced myocardial stunning and microinfarction. (medscape.com)
  • Cytidine diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) is in use for treatments of stroke and head trauma in Japan and several European countries for many years because of its protective effect against cerebral injury. (uludag.edu.tr)
  • Also, previous studies showed that CDP-choline has protective effects against short-term myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. (uludag.edu.tr)
  • Protective effect of the specific endothelin-1 antagonist BQ610 on mechanical function and energy metabolism during ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat hearts. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We conclude that the protective action of BQ610 on mechanical function during ischemia/reperfusion injury can be but is not consistently associated with beneficial effects on cardiac high-energy phosphate metabolism. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Bacopa monnieri extract increases rat coronary flow and protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. (voedingsgeneeskunde.nl)
  • Moreover, it was observed that, PGRN protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endothelin-1 increases susceptibility of isolated rat hearts to ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing coronary flow. (ox.ac.uk)
  • ET-1 could increase myocardial susceptibility to ischemia by two mechanisms: via coronary flow reduction and/or via direct, metabolic effects on the heart. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The authors conclude that ET-1 increases the susceptibility of isolated hearts to ischemia/reperfusion injury via reduction of coronary flow. (ox.ac.uk)
  • There is no increase in troponin T levels in skeletal muscle injury. (edu.pk)
  • Diagnosis of acute skeletal muscle trauma (rhabdomyolysis) was made by obvious physical acute skeletal muscle injury diagnosed by attending casualty medical officer along with attending physician. (edu.pk)
  • Therefore, skeletal muscle injury can sometimes cause elevated CK-MB levels, leading to misinterpretation. (medscape.com)
  • 1. Administration of N-acetyl-L- cysteine is not useful for the prevention of contrast -induced acute kidney injury . (wikidoc.org)
  • In the control period, ET-1 reduced coronary flow, ventricular function, phosphocreatine and intracellular pH dose-dependently: during ischemia/reperfusion, coronary flow, functional recovery and high-energy phosphate metabolism were adversely affected by ET-1 in a dose-related manner. (ox.ac.uk)
  • While pneumonia is the most prevalent healthcare-associated infection following coronary artery bypass surgery grafting (CABG), the relative effectiveness of strategies to reduce its incidence remains unclear. (perfusion.com)
  • A deletion of the C-terminal 19 amino acids was found during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in Langendorff perfused rat hearts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interleukin-36 (IL-36), a newly discovered proinflammatory member of the IL-1 superfamily, may mediate this injury, but its role in the injured heart is currently not known. (jci.org)
  • Over-expression of the C-terminal truncated cardiac TnI (cTnI1-192) in transgenic mouse heart resulted in a phenotype of myocardial stunning with systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using intravital microscopy in a beating heart environment, we are able to directly observe thromboinflammatory events within myocardial microvessels, particularly the trafficking, adhesion kinetics (rolling / adhesion / transmigration) and cross-talk between leukocytes and platelets with each other and vascular endothelium. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • El-awaisi, J , Kavanagh, D & Kalia, N 2021, ' BS13 Intravital investigations of the role of IL-36 in mediating age and gender specific changes in the injured beating coronary microcirculation ', Heart , vol. 107, no. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • In addition, it has been shown that atorvastatin can protect the isolated mouse heart against reperfusion-induced injury [ 6 ]. (ac.ir)
  • In addition, a significant decrease in the activities of myocardial injury markers i.e., creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB isoenzyme) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was also observed in the heart of ISP control group as compared to sham control. (scialert.net)
  • Numerous apoptotic cardiomyocytes were found in ischemic fields in ischemia-reperfusion groups and werent observed in the sham-operated group. (ac.ir)
  • It was shown that functional Fas system contributes to apoptotic myocardial cell death in response to ischemia/reperfusion injury [ 4 , 5 ]. (ac.ir)
  • When coronary flow was held constant, functional and energetic parameters were similar for untreated and ET-1 treated hearts during the entire protocol, i.e. the adverse effects of ET-1 on function and energy metabolism during ischemia/reperfusion were completely abolished. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Sun W, Wang Z, Sun M, Huang W and Wang Y and Wang Y: Aloin antagonizes stimulated ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage and inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 defense pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We showed that VSIG4 promotes scar formation and orchestrates the myocardial inflammatory response after AMI, while also promoting TGF-β1 and IL-10. (thno.org)
  • Vascular endothelial cell (EC)-derived factors play an important role in endothelial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk and could save cardiomyocytes (CMs) from injury. (mdpi.com)