• During his time in Buffalo, Winkelstein studied the health impact of the city's air pollution, successfully separating the effect of pollution from other confounding social and environmental factors, and also contributed greatly to the understanding of coronary artery disease in women. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk factors for heart disease among never smokers in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (cdc.gov)
  • The relative risk of coronary artery disease among never smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) versus never smokers not exposed to ETS is approximately 1.2 based on more than a dozen epidemiologic studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Most of these studies have controlled for the major heart disease risk factors, but residual or uncontrolled confounding remains a possible explanation for the epidemiologic findings. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors studied 3,338 never-smoking adults aged 17 years or older, who are representative of all US never smokers, in the 1988-1991 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to determine whether selected risk factors for heart disease differ between ETS-exposed and -nonexposed persons. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, these data suggest little potential for confounding by the heart disease risk factors studied here when ETS exposure is determined by self-report. (cdc.gov)
  • Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are a well-established risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the most prevalent form of CVD. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, lipoprotein apheresis is potentially covered and can be considered for Lp(a) reduction among people with LDL≥100 mg/dL, Lp(a)≥60 mg/dL, and coronary or peripheral artery disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Major depression disorder (MDD) significantly increases the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) which is a leading cause of mortality in patients with MDD. (hindawi.com)
  • These global trends suggest that the prevalence rates of MDD and coronary heart disease (CHD) are increasing in parallel, and emerging data suggest a high degree of symptomatic comorbidity. (hindawi.com)
  • Total and severe exacerbation rates were compared between groups categorised by β-blocker use on longitudinal follow-up using negative binomial regression analyses, after adjustment for demographics, airflow obstruction, %emphysema on CT, respiratory medications, presence of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and coronary artery calcification, and after adjustment for propensity to prescribe β-blockers. (bmj.com)
  • Notably, we identify multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including red blood cell distribution width. (nature.com)
  • Factors such as age, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders may increase the risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 regardless of HIV status (5). (who.int)
  • Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, with coronary artery disease being the most common. (peerj.com)
  • It is also not known whether both are influenced by other "confounding" factors that are associated with both gut microbiota and chronic disease. (studyfinds.org)
  • These potential pathogenetic factors have recently been found to mutually interact with the gut microbiota [ 7 , 8 ], suggesting that the gut microbiota could be involved in the development of the disease and be affected by the disease vice versa (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it has been difficult to determine whether these changes in the intestinal microbiota are causative of ALS disease, an exacerbating factor for disease, or a consequence of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To determine whether low birth weight and low weight at 1 year are followed by an increased prevalence of coronary heart disease in adult life. (bmj.com)
  • The prevalence of coronary heart disease, defined by the Rose/WHO chest pain questionnaire, standard electrocardiographic criteria, or history of coronary artery angioplasty or graft surgery. (bmj.com)
  • 42 (14%) men had coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • Percentages of men with coronary heart disease fell from 27% in those who weighed 18 lb (8.2 kg) or less at 1 year to 9% in those who weighed more than 26 lb (11.8 kg) (P value for trend=0.03). (bmj.com)
  • These findings add to the evidence that coronary heart disease is "programmed" during early growth. (bmj.com)
  • Recent findings suggest that the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease begins in fetal life and infancy. (bmj.com)
  • Among 10 141 men born during 1911-30 in Hertfordshire, England, whose birth weights and weights at 1 year had been recorded, men with the lowest birth weights and weights at 1 year had the highest death rates from coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • 3 4 5 6 These findings have led to the hypothesis that coronary heart disease originates from early programming whereby undernutrition during sensitive periods in early life permanently changes the body's structure and physiology. (bmj.com)
  • The Hertfordshire study was based on diagnosis of coronary heart disease on death certificates. (bmj.com)
  • using validated methods we have measured the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic coronary heart disease in a sample of 290 men born and still living in East Hertfordshire. (bmj.com)
  • 1 Of the total, 1186 men had died, 434 of them from coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • The CAC score assesses the volume of coronary calcifications located in atherosclerotic plaques and provides a summary measure of atherosclerotic disease, reflecting the cumulative lifetime effect of risk factors and genetic and environmental factors [7]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Relative risk of nonfatal coronary heart disease event by Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) score. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Hance MCarney RMFreedland KESkala J Depression in patients with coronary heart disease: a 12-month follow-up. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Depression and long-term mortality risk in patients with coronary artery disease. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Ford DEMead LAChang PPCooper-Patrick LWang N-YKlag MJ Depression is a risk factor for coronary artery disease in men: the Precursors Study. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Radiation from Medical Procedures in the Pathogenesis of Cancer and Ischemic Heart Disease" (Gofman 1999) is a massive dose-response study which began extensive circulation for peer-review among scientists in epidemiology, cancer etiology, IHD etiology, and health physics, immediately after its publication in November 1999. (ratical.org)
  • The study's two principal conclusions are 1) Medical radiation, introduced into medicine in 1896, became and remains a necessary causal co-actor in over half of the fatal cases of cancer in the USA, and 2) became and remains a necessary causal co-actor also in over half of the fatal cases of ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease) in the USA. (ratical.org)
  • Elevated levels of body mass index (BMI) and smoking are well established lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In smokers, the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke is more than twice that of non-smokers [ 7 ], whereas there is a somewhat more modest increase in risk associated with overweight and obesity [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If smoking does interact with BMI, this would have ramifications for estimates of disease burden due to these two important and modifiable risk factors, and have implications for disease prevention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hypertension (HTN) and smoking are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2000 ), the leading cause of death worldwide ( World Health Organization 2009 ). (nih.gov)
  • Understanding the risk factors of dementia is essential for preventing this disease. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, affecting approximately 2.2 million Americans1 and responsible for up to 30% of all ischemic strokes.2 It has a higher prevalence among elderly, hypertensive, and diabetic patients and among men, all of whom also have a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). (hcplive.com)
  • The association between alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been widely studied. (bmj.com)
  • December 20, 2022 - Using machine learning and clinical data from electronic health records, researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York constructed an in silico, or computer-derived, marker for coronary artery disease (CAD) to better measure clinically important characterizations of the disease. (mssm.edu)
  • November 1, 2022 - Mount Sinai researchers have catalogued thousands of sites in the brain where RNA is modified throughout the human lifespan in a process known as adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, offering important new avenues for understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of brain development and how they factor into both health and disease. (mssm.edu)
  • February 3, 2022 - Previous studies of a genetic on/off switch may have been confounded by contamination, but Mount Sinai scientists have created a new tool for accurately determining whether it plays a role in human disease. (mssm.edu)
  • Dietary protein intake and coronary heart disease in a large community based cohort: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study [corrected]. (fertilitymex.com)
  • Not surprising to regular JFS readers, regardless of the traditional cardiac risk factors, there was no statistical difference among those who went on to develop coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, cancer, pulmonary disease or dementia. (blogspot.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Lipid metabolism related factors, such as angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) are newly discovered factors that can affect coronary artery disease (CAD). (bvsalud.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Lipid profiling is central for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk assessment. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study was designed to explore predictive biomarkers of vulnerable plaque in patients with coronary artery disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among leading causes of death worldwide and amongst CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts for almost half of all cardiovascular deaths as the most common cause of death in the developed world. (amegroups.org)
  • Elevated blood pressure, smoking, diabetes and hyperlipidemia still remain the main risk factors for development of the coronary heart disease, while physical inactivity, obesity, poor nutrition and low socio-economic status are considered to be the predisposing factors. (amegroups.org)
  • Many other factors show correlation with coronary disease including proinflammatory factors and individual genetics ( 2 - 5 ). (amegroups.org)
  • hence it is understandable that the etiology of occurrence of coronary disease has not been sufficiently researched and it is still a subject of intense investigations ( 6 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Amongst CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD), is denoted as a pathologic process that affects coronary arteries ( 7 ). (amegroups.org)
  • In addition we will address important areas of modern epidemiology such as the influence of early life factors on adult health and disease, but also the importance of the gene-diet-microbiota interaction for body function and health. (lu.se)
  • Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies which are less subject to confounding and reverse causation, have assessed genetic variants affecting Lp(a) levels and provided evidence for direct causal relationships between high Lp(a) and CVD . (cdc.gov)
  • However, previous studies were susceptible to potential confounding factors and reverse causation bias, likely leading to inconsistent and biased results. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The observational nature of the study also means that residual confounding is possible and reverse causality cannot be ruled out. (medicalxpress.com)
  • By studying this cohort, Winkelstein and his collaborators were able to contribute greatly to the understanding of the epidemiology of HIV and AIDS, in particular the modes of viral transmission, risk factors for progression to AIDS, and duration of the incubation period. (wikipedia.org)
  • The authors state that the report includes every item in the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for cohort studies. (lww.com)
  • We tested this hypothesis in a bi-racial cohort of younger African-American and white men and women.Methods: Data from 5,049 participants at the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort baseline (1985 to1986) and follow-up for up to 20 years of individuals without hyperuricemia (defined as a serum urate of 6.8 mg/dL or more) at baseline were utilized. (umn.edu)
  • Prognostic factors for survival in the overall cohort (IPF and CTD-ILD) and in the CTD-ILD group were identified with univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. (jrheum.org)
  • This cohort study aimed to identify the associations of dairy protein intake with the risk of developing a low muscle mass during a 12-year follow-up period, using data from 4412 middle-aged Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study participants with a normal baseline muscle mass. (mdpi.com)
  • Briefly, the Helsinki Businessmen Study cohort offered a valuable opportunity to test the obesity paradox because the men were similar in social and economic status, age, healthcare access and other factors that confound health and mortality outcomes. (blogspot.com)
  • In a diverse cohort of initially healthy male and female service members particularly vulnerable to developing hypertension, higher optimism levels were associated with reduced hypertension risk independently of sociodemographic and health factors, a particularly notable finding given the young and healthy population. (cambridge.org)
  • The NutriNet-Santé study is an ongoing web-based cohort initiated in 2009 by the Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN). (medicalxpress.com)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate whether EAT volume was associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in people living with diabetes, independently of confounding factors. (researchsquare.com)
  • Risk factors include any problems that interrupt and cause acute arterial occlusion. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, depression is frequently observed in a subset of patients following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and increases risk for mortality. (hindawi.com)
  • 10 for acute coronary syndrome in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
  • With increasing numbers of patients, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) has become the most common operation in the world. (peerj.com)
  • Since a large number of factors affect the post-operative period, the present study aims to identify the predictors of extubation time in CABG patients using casualty network analysis. (peerj.com)
  • The cutoff values are different for MI in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). (medscape.com)
  • Currently, CABG-related MI is defined as (1) biomarker level elevations more than 5 times the upper reference limit plus either new pathological Q waves or new left bundle branch block (LBBB), (2) angiographically documented new graft or native coronary artery occlusion, or (3) imaging evidence of new loss of viable myocardium. (medscape.com)
  • most cases have been described in patients with diabetes, thus confounding the development of IMN superimposed on diabetic polyneuropathy. (medscape.com)
  • As it may play a role in coronary atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes, reducing EAT volume through physical exercise, improved diet and pharmaceutical interventions may improve future cardiovascular risk outcomes in this population. (researchsquare.com)
  • Effects of legume-enriched diet on cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals at risk for diabetes: a crossover study. (fertilitymex.com)
  • Diabetes mellitus was not a risk factor for hospital mortality in patients with CI poisoning. (biomedcentral.com)
  • accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of Describe factors modifying the prevalence of sleep the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical problems among persons with diabetes as based on Education through the joint sponsorship of 2005-2008 NHANES data. (cdc.gov)
  • Vitamin D and the vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) have been studied as possible CAD pathogenesis factors but literature data provide opposing evidence on their role in CAD. (amegroups.org)
  • Causal inference from observational data is a fundamental objective that has been receiving increasing attention in multiple domains including biology, epidemiology, and economics. (nature.com)
  • 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
  • On the other hand, significant positive linear trends were found between serum cotinine and two risk factors (body mass index and alcohol consumption), and significant inverse trends were found with dietary carotene. (cdc.gov)
  • METHODS: We enrolled 284 consecutive inpatients with suspected CAD and divided them into CAD and non-CAD groups based on the coronary angiography results. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: We compared medication history of statin use with statin concentration measurements, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, in 690 participants undergoing coronary angiography (63 ± 11 years of age). (bvsalud.org)
  • Second are differences in data collection methods and in the design of data sets that confound efforts to characterize the epidemiology and management of MCC in different population groups in different settings. (cdc.gov)
  • Early evidence showed that light-to-moderate drinking is associated with beneficial effects such as reductions in coronary artery diseases and even in total mortality. (heart.org)
  • Respectively a student and a full professor in the Department of Medicine at Université Laval, our goal is to identify new therapeutic targets for chronic diseases and healthy life expectancy by using an approach based on genetic epidemiology. (studyfinds.org)
  • To do this, Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants (frequent changes in our genome sequence called nucleotide polymorphisms) that are strongly associated with a risk factor (gut microbiota), to establish a causal link with a dependent variable (health markers and diseases), as described in a recent article . (studyfinds.org)
  • Traditionally, medical, public health, and social programs targeting commonly defined chronic diseases have focused on individual chronic diseases without considering the broader context of multiple risk factors and multiply occurring chronic conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Introduction: Findings that African-American race/ethnicity is associated with higher concentrations of serum urate have not been adjusted for possible confounding factors or have not explored this question as a primary outcome. (umn.edu)
  • Analyses looking specifically at blood levels of nine sex steroid hormones and BC risk concur with evidence surrounding factors associated with the menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive and HRT use with BC risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are proud to work together with the leading biotech company in Sweden for biomarker panel analyses in epidemiology, OLINK Proteomics AB, Uppsala, and its representatives! (lu.se)
  • Clinical trials have shown that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are effective for the primary and secondary prevention of CAD.3,4 We hypothesized that statin therapy might have a beneficial effect on the prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with CAD because of shared risk factors. (hcplive.com)
  • HYPOTHESIS: ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and FABP4 may provide a new method for the control of CAD risk factors and the prevention and treatment of CAD. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other factors beyond the respiratory system must exert important impacts on clinical outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • There is an urgent need to develop comprehensive evidence on the long-term outcome of COVID-19, including risk factors, pathophysiology, its impact on children's health, and possible treatment. (springer.com)
  • Here evidence implicating omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid deficiency in the pathoaetiology of CHD and MDD is reviewed, and the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acid deficiency is a preventable risk factor for CHD comorbidity in MDD patients is evaluated. (hindawi.com)
  • A rapidly emerging body of evidence suggests that membrane omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid deficiency is a preventable risk factor for both CHD [ 18 ] and MDD [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • To evaluate the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acid deficiency is a risk factor for CHD morbidity and mortality in MDD, it is important to consider that the age at onset for unipolar and bipolar depression peaks in young adulthood (15-19 years) [ 24 , 25 ], whereas CHD mortality peaks substantially later (75-84 years) [ 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It secretes inflammatory factors and lipid metabolites, and has been suggested as a possible determinant of accelerated atherosclerosis [3-6]. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between CAD and these lipid metabolism factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also identified factors predictive of mortality in patients with CTD-ILD. (jrheum.org)
  • Aetiology-drug overdose patients have special needs that will pass into the canaliculi to the positive predictive value (fig. Inoculation of clinical trials are confounded by environ-mental factors. (surgicalimpex.com)
  • Meanwhile, age, pneumonia, and mechanical ventilation may be predictive factors for the one-year mortality among the survivors after CI poisoning. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After adjusting for confounding factors, the FABP4, ANGPTL3, and ANGPTL4 levels were independently associated with CAD (p (bvsalud.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) rarely involves delayed giant coronary aneurysms, multiple readmissions or occurrence after COVID-19 vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • Selection bias may also have been a factor, as participants were more likely to be women, to have higher educational levels, and to exhibit health-conscious behaviors. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Confounding factors such as social-economic status, age, genetics, ethnicities, behavior and types of alcoholic beverages play big roles in influencing health effects. (heart.org)
  • However, this could reflect confounding by indication. (bvsalud.org)
  • These confounding factors are important when conducting an epidemiology study. (heart.org)
  • The study database had information on their BMIs and cardiovascular risk factors at multiple times during their lives, from the age of 25 through an average age of 73 years. (blogspot.com)
  • Depression may be both a prodrome and a risk factor for dementia. (psychiatrist.com)
  • 4 Some types of depressive illness, such as early onset depression before the age of 65 years and recurrent depression, may constitute long-term risk factors for the development of dementia, whereas the onset of more recent depressive symptoms may reflect a prodromal phase of dementia. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Confounding factors examined included: age at enrollment, body mass index, development of hypertension, glomerular filtration rate, medication use, diet and alcohol intake and menopausal symptoms in women.Results: Referent to whites, African-American men and women had significantly lower concentrations of serum urate at baseline. (umn.edu)
  • Serum concentrations of lipids and concentrations of plasma clotting factors, glucose, and insulin were measured, and the results have been reported. (bmj.com)
  • The single most important risk factor for developing gout is a raised level of serum uric acid (sUA), with supersaturation of uric acid in the extracellular fluid resulting in the precipitation of urate crystals. (bmj.com)
  • Serum ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, FABP4, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were estimated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and FABP4 were identified as independent risk factors for CAD and have valuable clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of CAD. (bvsalud.org)
  • We showed that inaccurate statin use assessments may lead to overestimation and underestimation of LDL levels in statin user and nonuser categories, exaggerating the reverse epidemiology association between LDL levels and CAD diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Winkelstein has made important contributions in a number of areas of epidemiology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, considering the post-operative factors is important for designing a treatment plan and evaluating patients' prognosis. (peerj.com)
  • These trends include the rapidly growing population of older adults, the increasing life expectancy associated with advances in public health and clinical medicine, the persistently high prevalence of some risk factors, and the emerging high prevalence of multiple chronic conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Such trends threaten both the public and financial health of the United States and include the rapidly growing population of older adults, the increasing life expectancy associated with advances in public health and clinical medicine, and the persistently high prevalence of some risk factors (3). (cdc.gov)
  • During his second admission, new, moderate coronary dilation was noted, and he was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids. (cdc.gov)
  • At his last admission, worsening coronary dilation was noted, and he was treated with infliximab and steroids. (cdc.gov)
  • For all risk factors examined, statin use was consistently associated with a significant reduction in the risk of atrial fibrillation (figure and table 2). (hcplive.com)