• Arginosuccinase, EC 4.3.2.1 (argininosuccinate lyase), which catalyzes the formation of arginine and fumarate from argininosuccinate, the last step in the biosynthesis of arginine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Argininosuccinate is cleaved in the cytosol by argininosuccinate lyase ( AL ), which is coded on human chromosome 7 ( Fig. 44-6 , reaction 4). (nih.gov)
  • They are inactive forms of the enzyme argininosuccinate lyase. (lookformedical.com)
  • Delta-crystallin shares around 90% sequence identity with arginosuccinate lyase, showing that it is an example of a 'hijacked' enzyme - accumulated mutations have, however, rendered the protein enzymatically inactive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Class I Fumarase enzyme, EC 4.2.1.2 (fumarate hydratase), which catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to L-malate. (wikipedia.org)
  • That enzyme can also catalyze the formation of fumarate and AMP from adenylosuccinate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability of the enzyme to use both O 2 and fumarate in cofactor reoxidation enables it to function under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions [5]. (enzyme-database.org)
  • The enzyme is a member of the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate-reductase family of enzymes [5]. (enzyme-database.org)
  • Nasu, S., Wicks, F.D. and Gholson, R.K. L -Aspartate oxidase, a newly discovered enzyme of Escherichia coli , is the B protein of quinolinate synthetase. (enzyme-database.org)
  • One NADH molecule is reduced by the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase in the conversion of glutamate to ammonium and α-ketoglutarate . (wikidoc.org)
  • At the end of the reaction, equilibrium is reached, no net conversion of substrate to product occurs, and either curve approaches the horizontal. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • Citrulline is released to the cytosol, where it condenses with aspartate to form argininosuccinate via argininosuccinate synthetase ( AS ) ( Fig. 44-6 , reaction 3). (nih.gov)
  • The products of the reaction are fumarate, which is oxidized in the TCA cycle, and arginine, which is rapidly cleaved to urea and ornithine via hepatic arginase. (nih.gov)
  • The conversion between proline and glutamine, and the reverse reaction controlled by different enzymes, are important factors required to maintain proper metabolism and protein production. (mdwiki.org)
  • Adenylosuccinase, EC 4.3.2.2 (adenylosuccinate lyase), which catalyzes the eighth step in the de novo biosynthesis of purines, the formation of 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide and fumarate from 1-(5- phosphoribosyl)-4-(N-succino-carboxamide). (wikipedia.org)
  • Aspartate ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.1 (aspartase), which catalyzes the reversible conversion of aspartate to fumarate and ammonia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The functional groups transferred by these lyase enzymes include amino groups, water, and ammonia. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • A pair of principal enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthatase, are found in all organisms and effect the conversion of ammonia into the amino acids glutamate and glutamine, respectively. (medmuv.com)
  • Serum aminotransferases such as aspartate aminotransferase, AST and alanine transaminase, ALT have been used as clinical markers of tissue damage, with increasing serum levels indicating an increased extent of damage. (medmuv.com)
  • The fumarate released in the cytosol is converted to malate by cytosolic fumarase . (wikidoc.org)
  • Fumarate lyase belongs to the lyase class of enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fate of oxaloacetate is either to produce aspartate via oxidative deaminatin or to be converted to phosphoenyl pyruvate, which is a substrate to glucose. (wikidoc.org)
  • Oxaloacetate is one of the keto acids preferred by transaminases , and so will be recycled to aspartate , maintained the flow of nitrogen into the urea cycle. (wikidoc.org)
  • The fourth step creates arginine and fumarate from argininosuccinate acid, via the argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) enzyme. (nutrifix-health.com)
  • Serum ALT level, serum AST ( aspartate transaminase ) level, and their ratio ( AST/ALT ratio ) are commonly measured clinically as biomarkers for liver health. (wikidoc.org)
  • Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases that catalyzes the reversible conversion of CORTISOL to the inactive metabolite CORTISONE. (lookformedical.com)
  • Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT = serine transhydroxymethylase) also catalyzes the reversible conversions of L -serine to glycine (retro-aldol cleavage) and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (mTHF) (hydrolysis). (iiab.me)
  • AICAR serves as the reactant for the ninth step, while fumarate is transported to the citric acid cycle which can then skip the carbon dioxide evolution steps to produce malate. (wikipedia.org)
  • This pathway involves the conversion of excess nitrogen into the amino acid glutamine, which is then transported to the kidneys and converted into urea. (nutrifix-health.com)