Convergence or accommodative insufficiency. Medical search. Frequent questions

In patients with an otherwise full range of eye movements but acute complete loss of vergence to near targets, convergence paralysis may be a more fitting term. (medscape.com)
Loss of fusional vergence with partial loss of accommodative convergence and accommodation following head injury. (medscape.com)
While vergence and accommodative treatment has positive effects, it does not affect reading comprehension skills. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Office-based vergence and accommodative therapy can enact significant changes in clinical signs and symptoms in young patients with symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI) but may miss the mark where it counts, according to new research. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The study found improvements in near point of convergence, positive fusional vergence at near, CI symptom survey and 5° disparity convergence peak velocity measurements post-vision therapy. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The ones that participated in office-based vergence and accommodative therapy improved to the point where they were healthy controls," Tara Alvarez, PhD, professor of biomedical engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology noted during her presentation at the recent American Academy of Optometry annual meeting in Orlando. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Office-based vergence and accommodative therapy significantly improved functional activity in the frontal eye fields, supplementary eye fields, parietal eye fields and especially the ocularmotor vermis. (reviewofoptometry.com)
However, another group of researchers found that, while office-based vergence/accommodative therapy improves near point of convergence, it does not improve reading performance when measured with standardized metrics. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Participants were randomly assigned to either 16 weeks of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy or placebo therapy. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The study found improvements in mean near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Effect of vergence/accommodative therapy on reading in children with convergence insufficiency. (reviewofoptometry.com)
That's the conclusion of the study, "Effect of Vergence/Accommodative Therapy on Reading in Children with Convergence Insufficiency: A Randomized Clinical Trial," published in November 2019 by Optometry and Vision Science . (aoa.org)
In the end, the significance of the study for doctors is that you cannot say that following 16 weeks of accommodative/vergence therapy for a symptomatic CI patient, that you will improve reading comprehension of a child more than the child who does 16 weeks of placebo therapy," Dr. Gregory says. (aoa.org)
In a study done at the Minds Matter Concussion Program at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, patients with a concussion diagnosis underwent extensive vision testing, which assessed symptoms, visual acuity, eye alignment, near point of convergence, vergence amplitude and facility, accommodative amplitude and facility, and saccadic eye movement speed and accuracy. (eyeiq.net)
These data confirm the effectiveness of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy for improving convergence in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. (amplifyeye.care)
The purpose of this study was to report changes in clinical signs and symptoms of convergence insufficiency (secondary outcome measures) from a multicenter clinical trial (Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention & Reading Trial [CITT-ART]) evaluating the effectiveness of vergence/accommodative therapy for improving reading and attention in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. (amplifyeye.care)
Three hundred eleven children aged 9 to 14 years with symptomatic convergence insufficiency were randomly assigned to 16 weeks of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy or to placebo therapy. (amplifyeye.care)
Improvements in (1) near point of convergence (NPC), (2) positive fusional vergence (PFV), and (3) self-reported symptoms (Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey [CISS] score) were compared after 16 weeks of treatment. (amplifyeye.care)
Our results demonstrate that office-based vergence/accommodative therapy is effective for improving the NPC and PFV in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. (amplifyeye.care)
Eye care providers who treat CI have assumed that successful vergence/accommodative therapy, often called vision therapy, would lead to better reading fluency and comprehension. (nih.gov)
The following binocular vision related data was acquired: Cycloplegic refractive error vergence facility, vergence amplitudes, accommodative facility, accommodative amplitudes, near point of convergence, stereopsis, and a standardized symptom scoring scale. (optometrists.org)

1.Cooper J. Accommodative dysfunction. (ozhurnal.com)
Accommodative dysfunction. (ozhurnal.com)
11.Sterner B, Abrahamsson M, Sjostrom A. Accommodative facility training with a long term follow up in a sample of school aged children showing accommodative dysfunction. (ozhurnal.com)
Visual impairments secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) may include loss of acuity or visual field, convergence insufficiency, divergence insufficiency, strabismus, oculomotor dysfunction, or accommodative dysfunction. (libsyn.com)
As far as the immediate effects are concerned the results point toward VT as the treatment of choice in children with accommodative dysfunction with AIF as the most significant accommodative dysfunction. (optometryadvisor.com)
Simply put, accommodative dysfunction means that the eyes have difficulty focusing properly. (accuvisionsf.com)
Studies suggest that between 2 and 17% of children may suffer from accommodative dysfunction. (accuvisionsf.com)
Concentration problems resulting from an accommodative dysfunction , a vision condition that makes eye focusing difficult. (visionsource-traversecity.com)

Relationship between clinical signs and symptoms of convergence insufficiency. (medscape.com)
Symptoms of convergence insufficiency usually are first reported during the teenage years and include reading difficulties, ocular pain with prolonged near work, blurred near vision, and diplopia. (medscape.com)
Convergence exercises have been found to often relieve symptoms as long as the exercises are diligently performed, but they are rarely curative with recurrence of symptoms when the exercises are stopped. (medscape.com)
Neither pencil push-ups nor placebo vision therapy/orthoptics was effective in improving either symptoms or signs associated with convergence insufficiency. (medscape.com)
The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention & Reading Trial (CITT-ART) investigator group reported changes in CI clinical signs and symptoms in 311 symptomatic children between the ages of 9 and 14. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Accommodative insufficiency (AI) is a non-strabismic binocular vision anomaly characterized by an inability to focus for near vision, with symptoms of blurred near vision, headache, visual fatigue, and asthenopic symptoms. (ozhurnal.com)
Relation of symptoms to accommodative infacility of school-aged children. (ozhurnal.com)
The signs and symptoms of this condition are exactly the same as convergence insufficiency . (seevividly.com)
Eye fatigue and eye strain are common symptoms of accommodative insufficiency and can lead to chronic headaches . (seevividly.com)
Any strabismus may cause headaches , with the same signs and symptoms as convergence insufficiency . (seevividly.com)
The team obtained monocular accommodation facility (MAF-R and MAF-L) and binocular accommodation facility (BAF) measurements and administered the convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS) to subjectively grade AIF symptoms. (optometryadvisor.com)
Results from the earlier Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) , published in Ophthalmology in 2008, showed office-based vision therapy to be the most effective treatment for improving convergence and ameliorating symptoms, and that treatment effects were long-lasting. (nih.gov)
Symptoms were measured using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey. (nih.gov)
It is important to remember that the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey used for the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial established that a score of 16 or greater is considered significant for symptoms associated with Convergence Insufficiency . (seevividly.com)
The only treatment area that appears to have wide reaching consensus among optometrists, as well as ophthalmologists, is convergence-insufficiency which includes symptoms such as double vision and eye fatigue. (tsbvi.edu)
Symptoms of Convergence insufficiency are often confused with behavioral problems such as ADHD or ADD. (eyecenteroptometric.com)

Scheiman et al compared vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil push-ups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics as treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children 9 to 18 years of age. (medscape.com)
Treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children enrolled in the convergence insufficiency treatment trial-attention & reading trial. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Difficulty switching focus between near and far, known as accommodative infacility, and accommodative spasm represents two other types. (seevividly.com)
Accommodative Infacility - a clinical condition in which the individual has difficulty changing eye focus from distance to near. (appelmaneye.com)

Measure the magnitude of a strabismus when performing a near cover test with an accommodative letter target. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) states that "orthoptic eye exercises as prescribed by pediatric ophthalmologists, orthoptists, and optometrists can be beneficial in the treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency" (AAPOS, 2016). (tsbvi.edu)
Other than for strabismus and convergence insufficiency, the consensus among Ophthalmologists and Pediatricians is that visual training lacks documented evidence of effectiveness" (Allegheny Intermediate Unit, n.d., para.3). (tsbvi.edu)

Sometimes, accommodative spasm may be the diagnosis. (seevividly.com)
Accommodative spasm is a spasm of the focusing muscle, preventing it from fully relaxing. (seevividly.com)
Accommodative Excess (AE) - This clinical condition is also called accommodative spasm . (appelmaneye.com)

Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common binocular vision (BV) disorder characterized by difficulty in maintaining motor fusion at near, which affects approximately 7.5 percent of the population. (nih.gov)
Convergence Insufficiency (CI) is characterized by a decreased ability to converge the eyes and maintain binocular fusion while focusing on a near target. (aao.org)
2.Scheiman M, Wick B. Clinical Management of Binocular Vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative and Eye Movement Disorders, 3rd ed. (ozhurnal.com)
6.García-Muñoz Á, Carbonell-Bonete S, Cacho-Martínez P. Symptomatology associated with accommodative and binocular vision anomalies. (ozhurnal.com)
The binocular and accommodative systems must have time to respond to changes. (reviewofoptometry.com)
PPT is not indicated as a useful tool in the treatment of Convergence Insufficiency so it is important that you are not just using this as a way to solve that binocular vision disorder. (seevividly.com)

The most common signs of CI include a increased near point of convergence (NPC), decreased convergence amplitudes and an exodeviation at near. (aao.org)
[11] Convergence amplitudes are measured with base out prisms while the patient focuses on a target at near. (aao.org)
[11] Normal convergence amplitudes are 38 prism diopters at near and 14 prism diopters at distance. (aao.org)
[12] In general, fusional convergence amplitudes of less than 15 to 20 prism diopters at near are a sign of convergence insufficiency. (aao.org)
Decreased convergence amplitudes or likely both. (aao.org)
Most people with visual complaints after a concussion have 20/20 distance visual acuity so more specific testing of near acuity, convergence amplitudes, ocular motility and peripheral vision must be done. (eyeiq.net)
This process usually overtaxes already weak convergence amplitudes, which are a measure of a person's ability to focus both eyes simultaneously on a reading target. (seevividly.com)

Khawam E, Abiad B, Boughannam A, Saade J, Alameddine R. Convergence Insufficiency/Divergence Insufficiency Convergence Excess/Divergence Excess: Some Facts and Fictions. (medscape.com)
Convergence Insufficiency and excess is the inability to keep the eye comfortably aligned for reading and other near tasks. (eyecenteroptometric.com)

Across a subset of participants (children with high accommodative lag and near esophoria), there was an ongoing, cumulative, statistically significant reduction (24% on average) in myopia progression in the PAL spectacles group compared to single vision spectacles group. (cehjournal.org)
It is caused by either uncorrected hyperopic refractive error and/or a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio. (appelmaneye.com)

Horwood AM, Toor S, Riddell PM. Screening for convergence insufficiency using the CISS is not indicated in young adults. (medscape.com)

In a randomized, multicenter clinical trial, 47 children 9 to 18 years of age with symptomatic convergence insufficiency were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks of office-based vision therapy/ orthoptics, office-based placebo vision therapy/orthoptics, or homebased pencil push-ups therapy. (medscape.com)

Medically she was fine and when we tested her vision, it turned out she had a type of convergence insufficiency called Intermittent Exotropia. (eyecarekids.com.au)

A common childhood vision disorder, convergence insufficiency (CI) looked up after weeks of vision therapy but its impact on children's reading test scores shouldn't be overblown. (aoa.org)
The investigators also found that 64% of the children with convergence insufficiency also had an accommodative disorder. (eyeiq.net)
This is often misdiagnosed as an accommodative disorder. (suttenlaw.com)

Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey Scores for Reading Versus Other Near Visual Activities in School-Age Children. (medscape.com)
Validity and reliability of the revised convergence insufficiency symptom survey in adults. (medscape.com)
Validity and reliability of the revised convergence insufficiency symptom survey in children aged 9 to 18 years. (medscape.com)
Both convergence exercises should be repeated 10 to 20 times during each session, initially with two to three sessions per day, and later tapering to the minimum number of sessions per week to remain symptom free. (medscape.com)
Clinicians can use a standardized questionnaire 24-27 (such as the readily available Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey or Brain Injury Vision Symptom Survey) or create a customized questionnaire ( Table 3 ). (reviewofoptometry.com)

Accommodative Esotropia - (clinical condition) when an individual is focusing on a near object and his or her eyes are turning inward too much. (appelmaneye.com)
Please note that Accommodative Esophoria is a condition similar to accommodative esotropia but lesser in extent. (appelmaneye.com)

The three most useful convergence exercises are the pencil push-ups, the physiologic diplopia exercises (also known as jump exercises), and the prism convergence exercises. (medscape.com)

The end result is an abnormal balance between convergence and divergence . (seevividly.com)
This is done through a series of guided tasks or exercises that work on critical skills such as recognition of poor eye coordination, improving convergence ability, improving divergence ability, and improving the ability to rapidly change between convergence and divergence . (seevividly.com)
These anomalies appear as convergence in - sufficiency, Divergence - in - sufficiency and Hyperphoria. (homeopathybooks.in)

Accommodative insufficiency (AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. (wikipedia.org)
Convergence insufficiency is defined as the inability to maintain fusional or accommodative convergence as an object approaches from distance. (medscape.com)
Convergence Insufficiency is a term that describes an inability of the eyes to turn in towards the nose. (eyecarekids.com.au)

The study, conducted by the CITT-ART Investigator Group, follows an earlier trial, Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) , published in Ophthalmology in 2008. (aoa.org)

Patients with convergence insufficiency will often also show a remote near point of convergence. (medscape.com)

Accommodation exercises may be advised to improve accommodative power. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment for convergence insufficiency is primarily nonsurgical and consists of various convergence exercises. (medscape.com)
With prism convergence exercises, a prism bar, oriented base-out, is presented to one eye to induce fusional convergence. (medscape.com)
Treatment with VT involved accommodative exercises conducted 5 days per week, 10 minutes per day using a Hart Chart. (optometryadvisor.com)

Rouse MW, Hyman L, Hussein M, Solan H. Frequency of convergence insufficiency in optometry clinic settings. (medscape.com)
Investigators from the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART) published the results online today in Optometry and Vision Science. (nih.gov)
A study of two large optometry clinics found that 17.6% of children who received vision exams had convergence insufficiency. (accuvisionsf.com)

A study published in the Archives of Ophthalmology "found that a 12-week program of supervised, in-office vision therapy plus orthoptics produced a functional cure of convergence insufficiency in over half…the children with CI who received this treatment" (Heiting, G., 2017, para. (tsbvi.edu)

9.Shukla Y. Accommodative anomalies in children. (ozhurnal.com)

Presbyopia is physiological insufficiency of accommodation due to age related changes in lens (decreased elasticity and increased hardness) and ciliary muscle power. (wikipedia.org)

On face value, improved myopia control in executive bifocals compared to PALs suggests that progression is determined more by dioptric demand across the visual field and/or peripheral focus, than by accommodative strain. (cehjournal.org)

During this time period, Andy's visual acuity improved, astigmatism dramatically reduced, crystalline lenses became clearer, sensory fusion improved and convergence improved. (myflcv.com)
Clinical signs include: patient accepts more minus on accommodative rock but blurs with plus lenses, lower NRA than PRA, dynamic retinoscopy findings indication of over accommodation and/or slow relaxation of accommodation, and reduced or erratic distance visual acuity. (appelmaneye.com)

AC/A Ratio- accommodative convergence / accommodative (measured in prism diopters/diopters). (appelmaneye.com)

One such study revealed that after 12 weeks of therapy the convergence insufficiency score was significantly reduced in the in-office vision therapy group from 32.1 to 9.5. (seevividly.com)

Premature sclerosis of lens or ciliary muscle weaknesses due to systemic or local cases may cause accommodative insufficiency. (wikipedia.org)
7.Wahlberg M, Abdi S, Brautaset R. Treatment of accommodative insufficiency with plus lens reading addition: is+ 1.00 D better than+ 2.00 D? (ozhurnal.com)

Acute accommodative and convergence insufficiency. (insightvision.org)

AI is commonly present in people with convergence insufficiency. (wikipedia.org)
Pencil push-ups treatment (PPT) is a commonly prescribed eye exercise approach for convergence insufficiency (CI). (seevividly.com)

In addition to treating the convergence weakness, plus lenses should be prescribed to these patients for reading. (medscape.com)

Lastly, accommodative convergence describes the coupling relationship between stimulated convergence and the response to ensure clarity by accommodation. (aao.org)
Difficulties with accommodation and convergence make it very hard to read for any length of time, with blurring and fatigue and then loss of concentration occurring after a fairly short period of reading time. (eyeiq.net)
The convergence response of an individual (amount the eyes turn inward) in relation to the amount of stimulus of accommodation (eye focusing). (appelmaneye.com)
Accommodative Fatigue - This clinical condition is also called Ill-Sustained Accommodation . (appelmaneye.com)

If your child complains of headaches (especially around the eyes) after reading or writing, it is likely that Convergence Insufficiency could be present. (eyecarekids.com.au)

Pencil push-ups consist of slowly bringing an accommodative target from a remote distance, where it is easily fused, toward the eyes until a break point is achieved. (medscape.com)

CINAPS - Convergence Insufficiency Neuro-Mechanism in Adult Population Study: effect of vision therapy on clinical, objective eye movement and fMRI measures. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Results from a clinical trial funded by the National Eye Institute (NEI) show that while vision therapy can successfully treat convergence insufficiency (CI) in children, it fails to improve their reading test scores. (nih.gov)
Studies indicate that office-based vision therapy with home reinforcement is the most effective treatment for convergence insufficiency . (seevividly.com)

To determine if treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI) will affect Academic Behavior Survey (ABS) scores. (optometrists.org)
The ABS is a survey developed by the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Group that enumerates the frequency of negative school behaviors and parental concern about school performance on a scale from 0 (never) to 4 (always) with total scores ranging from 0 to 24. (optometrists.org)

The convergence insufficiency treatment trial: design, methods, and baseline data. (medscape.com)

5. Asthenopia Accommodative - This is a very common variety caused by the presence of refractive errors such as hypermetropia and astigmatism. (homeopathybooks.in)

Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Study Group. (medscape.com)
Participants included 218 children aged 9 to 17 with symptomatic CI and enrolled in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial. (optometrists.org)

Patients with combined convergence and accommodative insufficiency are usually more symptomatic than those with convergence insufficiency alone. (medscape.com)

Convergence insufficiency is a relatively common eye condition that is typically diagnosed in childhood. (accuvisionsf.com)

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