• Mutations have also been identified in mini chromosome maintenance-deficient 4 homologue (MCM4), which is involved in DNA replication, and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT), which is involved in antioxidant defense. (medscape.com)
  • Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
  • Transition of the preRC to an active initiation complex is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases and other signaling molecules, which promote further protein assembly and activate the mini chromosome maintenance helicase. (usc.edu)
  • One such macromolecular complex is the mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) complex. (biologists.com)
  • Background Chromosome Area Maintenance 1 (CRM1) is a nuclear exporter and its inhibitor has anti-tumor activity in different cancers. (cancerhugs.com)
  • Chromosome area maintenance 1 proteins (CRM1 or known as XPO1) can be a member of the importin superfamily of nuclear move receptors (karyopherins). (cancerhugs.com)
  • DMC1 is a necessary meiotic specific protein for homologous chromosome pairing and recombinant repair during meiosis. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • The pre-RC formation involves the ordered assembly of many replication factors including the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6 protein, Cdt1 protein, and minichromosome maintenance proteins (Mcm2-7). (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, ProEx C is an immunohistochemical cocktail containing antibodies direct against topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) and minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) proteins. (medsci.org)
  • DDK regulates replication initiation by controlling the multiplicity of Cdc45-GINS binding to Mcm2-7. (yeastgenome.org)
  • In summary, our work provides fundamental insights into DDK structure, control and selective activation of the MCM2-7 helicase during DNA replication. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Global gene expression profiling of mouse medulloblastomas and bioinformatics analyses of microRNA targets suggest that minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) is a likely target gene of miR-31 in suppressing cell growth. (oncotarget.com)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • Association of the origin recognition complex (ORC) with a replication origin recruits the cell division cycle 6 protein (Cdc6) to form a platform for the loading of the minichromosome maintenance (Mcm 2-7) complex proteins, facilitated by the chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 protein (Cdt1). (wikipedia.org)
  • exists on chromatin through the entire cell routine, whereas hMcm XR9576 protein alternative between soluble and chromatin-bound forms. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Launching of hMcm protein onto chromatin takes place in past due mitosis concomitant using the devastation of cyclin B, indicating that the mitotic kinase activity inhibits prereplication complicated formation in individual cells. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Nevertheless, ectopic appearance of Cdc6p in G2 cells isn't deleterious for the cell, and it's been proven that Cdc6p cannot induce MCM proteins binding to chromatin at this time unless CDKs are inactivated (9, 59). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Oddly enough, a prominent gain-of-function allele of causes consistent MCM proteins binding to chromatin and overreplication from the genome XR9576 within a cell XR9576 routine (34). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • DNSN-1 is required to recruit the GINS complex to chromatin, and a cryo-electron microscopy structure indicates that DNSN-1 positions GINS on the MCM-2-7 helicase motor (comprising the six MCM-2 to MCM-7 proteins), by direct binding of DNSN-1 to GINS and MCM-3, using interfaces that we show are important for initiation and essential for viability. (bvsalud.org)
  • The DNA in the cell is packaged with histone proteins into chromatin. (usc.edu)
  • Thus, we will begin by describing chromatin structure, and how the cell generally controls access to the DNA. (usc.edu)
  • 7), a modified form of Hi-C, the authors examined loop formation and TAD boundaries in chromatin extracted from maternal and paternal pronuclei from control and 'MCM loss' cells. (biologists.com)
  • These characteristics correlate with a distinct nuclear architecture, epigenetic signatures enriched for active chromatin marks and hyperdynamic binding of structural chromatin proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, several chromatin-related proteins have been shown to regulate ESC pluripotency and/or differentiation, yet the role of the major heterochromatin proteins in pluripotency is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bell SD and Botchan MR (2013) The minichromosome maintenance replicative helicase. (yeastgenome.org)
  • 3. Wan L,Han J H,Liu T,et al.Scaffolding protein SPIDR/KIAA0146 connects the Bloom syndrome helicase with homologous recombination repair[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(26):10646-10651. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • Here we explore combinations of different classes of therapeutic anti-HIV-1 RNAs expressed from within the context of an intronic MCM7 (minichromosome maintenance complex component-7) platform that naturally harbors 3 microRNAs (miRNAs). (ca.gov)
  • MCM7 ampli- fication or protein expression level was found to be associated with CB. (parpreceptor.com)
  • Patients with ampli- fication or high protein levels of MCM7 were more prone to benefit from palbociclib. (parpreceptor.com)
  • Rif1 controls DNA replication by directing Protein Phosphatase 1 to reverse Cdc7-mediated phosphorylation of the MCM complex. (yeastgenome.org)
  • p65Cdc18 can be an extremely labile proteins targeted for devastation by CDK phosphorylation after cells enter S stage (24). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
  • To map the mechanisms of aggressiveness we aimed to investigate changes in protein phosphorylation across WHO grades of human meningiomas. (nature.com)
  • Repetto MV, Winters MJ, Bush A, Reiter W, Hollenstein DM, Ammerer G, Pryciak PM, Colman-Lerner A. CDK and MAPK Synergistically Regulate Signaling Dynamics via a Shared Multi-site Phosphorylation Region on the Scaffold Protein Ste5. (umassmed.edu)
  • Initiation of DNA replication is certainly triggered with the actions of at least two pieces of proteins kinase Rabbit Polyclonal to CEBPG actions, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Dbf4p-Cdc7p. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Proteins involved in the ATM-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR)-dependent S-phase checkpoint response (Chk1 and Rad17) were also phosphorylated but not ataxia telengectasia mutated kinase. (nih.gov)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the discovery set of fresh-frozen tissue specimens (14), the A-kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12) protein was found downregulated across the grades. (nature.com)
  • Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Besides its function in DNA replication, it could also be engaged inside a mitotic checkpoint control, because Cdc6-deprived candida cells that usually do not replicate DNA still go through a reductional mitosis (4, 47, 63). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • A protein involved in minichromosome maintenance in yeast binds a transcriptional enhancer conserved in eukaryotes. (utoronto.ca)
  • DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Identifying novel genes that control endosperm development might enrich our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms behind kernel development and could ultimately contribute to breeding crops with increased grain yield and quality. (plantae.org)
  • Mechanistically, the complex consisting of YAP and transcription factors promotes the expression of genes involved in DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, chromosomal segregation, but also in the control of cellular stemness. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
  • A large number of miRNAs are encoded in organized intronic clusters within many protein coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene expression modulating miRNAs are encoded in diverse genomic locations including intergenic regions, introns of protein-coding genes and introns/exons of noncoding RNA genes [ 36 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA-binding specificity of Mcm1: operator mutations that alter DNA-bending and transcriptional activities by a MADS box protein. (utoronto.ca)
  • Each mouse was immunized with 50 μg fusion protein for three time, the antibody titer and specificity were detected by ELISA and Western Blot, respectively. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • F-box protein specificity for g1 cyclins is dictated by subcellular localization. (umassmed.edu)
  • Eukaryotic DNA replication of chromosomal DNA is central for the duplication of a cell and is necessary for the maintenance of the eukaryotic genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The controlled assembly of replication forks is critical for genome stability. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The foundation recognition complicated (ORC), a six-subunit initiator proteins (2), exists in both pre- and post-RCs (10), and among its functions is definitely to mark the positioning of replication roots in the genome. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Yeast Stn1 promotes MCM to circumvent Rad53 control of the S phase checkpoint. (yeastgenome.org)
  • In yeast, ORC is a dynamic protein that diffuses rapidly along DNA, unless halted by origin recognition sequences. (bvsalud.org)
  • The major enzymatic functions carried out at the replication fork are well conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, but the replication machinery in eukaryotic DNA replication is a much larger complex, coordinating many proteins at the site of replication, forming the replisome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Functional control of Eco1 through the MCM complex in sister chromatid cohesion. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Interactions of the human MCM-BP protein with MCM complex components and Dbf4. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Replication origins in the DNA nucleate the ordered assembly of protein factors to form a prereplication complex (preRC) that is poised for DNA synthesis. (usc.edu)
  • Mutation of the maize FLOURY3 ( FL3 ) gene, encoding one of 17 subunits forming the RNAPIII complex that regulates gene expression involved in storage protein synthesis, results in small and floury endosperm (Li et al. (plantae.org)
  • This research focused on a ring-shaped enzyme called the minichromosome maintenance or MCM complex that plays a central role. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Fungus Cdc6p is an extremely unstable proteins, and many elements appear to be XR9576 involved with its degradation, like the pathway (13, 14, 54). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Possible biological interactions between the differentially regulated proteins were investigated with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. (cancerindex.org)
  • DNA replication origins retain mobile licensing proteins. (yeastgenome.org)
  • In the meantime, the amounts of CRM1 proteins are raised in lung tumor tissue when likened to regular lung tissue. (cancerhugs.com)
  • We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The molecular system that restricts firing of roots of replication to one time per cell routine invokes the purchased binding to and/or discharge of different replication proteins from particular DNA sequences (replicators) situated in the vicinity from the real roots of DNA replication. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PUT3 activator protein associates with proline-specific upstream activation sequences. (utoronto.ca)
  • Bandyopadhyay S, Bhaduri S, ?rd M, Davey NE, Loog M, Pryciak PM. Comprehensive Analysis of G1 Cyclin Docking Motif Sequences that Control CDK Regulatory Potency In?Vivo. (umassmed.edu)
  • These results unify our understanding of eukaryotic replication initiation, implicate defective CMG assembly in microcephalic dwarfism, and illustrate how in silico protein-protein interaction screening accelerates mechanistic discovery. (bvsalud.org)
  • A) Nuclear ingredients from asynchronous 293 cells had been put through SDS-PAGE, and protein were used in nitrocellulose. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • B) Immunoprecipitation (I.P.). Fifty microliters of nuclear remove from 293 cells (0.5 mg of total protein) was incubated for 1 h with 1 or 3 l of ascitic fluid from the corresponding monoclonal antibody or with 3 l of the unrelated control antibody (lane C). Immunocomplexes had been purified with proteins G-Sepharose 4B, put through SDS-PAGE, used in nitrocellulose, and immunoblotted with anti-hCdc6p polyclonal antibodies. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • A beta-hairpin comprising the nuclear localization sequence sustains the self-associated states of nucleosome assembly protein 1. (colorado.edu)
  • The authors mapped the smk7 mutation to a gene encoding the second-largest subunit of RNAPIII, NRPC2 (Nuclear RNA Polymerase C2) using map-based sequencing and confirmed that the mutation leads to a defective NRPC2 protein in smk7 . (plantae.org)
  • In contrast, both proteins were jointly detectable in most CCA cell lines and showed nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling in a cell density-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During human being carcinogenesis or malignancy development, cancerous cells acquire the capability to move important nuclear protein that can impact treatment efficiency. (cancerhugs.com)
  • These protein consist of growth government bodies and suppressors of cell apoptosis, nuclear localization of which can be needed for their correct function [4]. (cancerhugs.com)
  • After initiation, the proteins complicated at each source adjustments to a postreplication condition (post-RC), thereby avoiding further initiation occasions for all of those other cell routine (examined in referrals 15 and 57). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • The mother's cells had intermediate but significantly higher chromosomal breaks compared to a control. (datadryad.org)
  • We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Diagnosis of bladder cancer by immunocytochemical detection of minichromosome maintenance protein-2 in cells retrieved from urine. (nih.gov)
  • Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Graph shows the probability of cohesin moving past MCM at an origin in control and MCM loss cells. (biologists.com)
  • By deleting CTCF in 'MCM loss' cells, the insulation (i.e the separation between one boundary and the next) between TAD boundaries was weaker than in CTCF depleted control cells suggesting MCM can act as a barrier to the formation of these regions however, MCM did not affect TAD boundary establishment, which is entirely lost in CTCF- depleted cells and not re-gained when MCM is also lost. (biologists.com)
  • In addition, proteome analysis of NBPF1-overexpressing DLD1 cells identified 32 differentially expressed proteins, of which several are implicated in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in differentiated cells, loss of HP1β has the opposite effect, perturbing maintenance of the differentiation state and facilitating reprogramming to an induced pluripotent state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic origins of replication control the formation of several protein complexes that lead to the assembly of two bidirectional DNA replication forks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abstract Combinational therapy with small RNA inhibitory agents against multiple viral targets allows efficient inhibition of viral production by controlling gene expression at critical time points. (ca.gov)
  • miRNAs control gene expression by binding to the complementary sites in the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of target mRNAs and triggering either translational inhibition or mRNA degradation by a molecular mechanism which is a subject of intense investigation [ 6 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4. Gohlke G,Scholz C J,Kneitz S,et al.DNA methylation mediated control of gene expression is critical for development of crown gall tumors[J].PLoS Genetics,2013,9(2):e1003267. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • Cyclins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • Identifying conserved protein complexes between species by constructing interolog networks. (yeastgenome.org)
  • I will also introduce you to an enzyme that we discovered, called telomerase, which is responsible for the addition and maintenance of telomeres. (frontiersin.org)
  • Up to the present, systematically assessing viral protein antigenicity and/or determining the immunorelevant domain(s) of viral proteins during serological testing for CAV infection has never been performed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review summarizes the current advances in epigenetic regulation of cccDNA minichromosome, which might provide clues to novel druggable targets to cure hepatitis B by either silencing or eliminating cccDNA reservoir. (sciopen.com)
  • A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. (umassmed.edu)
  • Cdc6p is definitely a member from the huge AAA+ superfamily of ATPases, which include Orc1p, Orc4p, Orc5p, MCM, protein and replication aspect C (42). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Its protein is one of the four founder proteins that structurally define the superfamily of MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. (bvsalud.org)
  • The pathogenesis of Allgrove syndrome (AS) , another distinct clinical entity, is due to a defect in a WD-repeat regulatory protein named for alacrima-achalasia-adrenal insufficiency neurologic (ALADIN) disorder. (medscape.com)
  • The fl3 mutation disrupts the accumulation of starch and storage proteins (e.g., zein and non-zein proteins), leading to a soft and opaque endosperm. (plantae.org)
  • Purified recombinant VP2-396N and VP2-345N subunit proteins, which span defined regions of VP2, were demonstrated to have good antigenicity and higher sensitivities than VP3-246M and were able to recognize CAV-positive chicken serum using an ELISA assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After proteins staining with Ponceau-S crimson, individual lanes had been trim and immunoblotted using the indicated dilution of monoclonal antibody hCdc6-26 or hCdc6-37 or a polyclonal antibody, anti-hCdc6p. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • 2017). Eukaryotic RNAPIII transcribes transfer RNAs (tRNAs), ribosomal 5S rRNA, and other small non-coding RNAs required for protein synthesis to control cell division and proliferation events essential for organ/tissue development (Li et al. (plantae.org)
  • LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some significant SNPs are associated with membrane and plastid proteins, as well as DNA transcription and binding regulators. (peerj.com)
  • The accurate diagnosis is crucial for the appropriate management and routinary controls for UC are necessary once the diagnosis is made [ 4 - 7 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Understanding the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in cccDNA minichromosome is crucial to develop new therapy on cccDNA, an attractive target for HBV cure. (sciopen.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • The expression, production and antigenic characterization of CAV viral proteins such as VP1, VP2 and VP3, and their use in the development of diagnostic kit would be useful for CAV infection prevention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To carry out the further antigenic characterization of the immunorelevant domains of the VP2 and VP3 proteins, five recombinant VP2 subunit proteins (VP2-435N, VP2-396N, VP2-345N, VP2-171C and VP2-318C) and three recombinant VP3 subunit proteins (VP3-123N, VP3-246M, VP3-366C), spanning the defined regions of VP2 and VP3 were separately produced by an E. coli expression system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The defined antigenicity potential of these chimeric subunit proteins produced by expression in E. coli seem to have potential and could be useful in the future for the development of the CAV diagnostic tests based on a subunit protein ELISA system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In order to further investigate the salt tolerant function of HcDMC1, the HcDMC1 fusion protein obtained from prokaryotic expression was used to immunize mice to prepare the specific antiserum against HcDMC1. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • The expression of HcDMC1 protein could be induced in Escherichia coli by pET30a- HcDMC1 and the fusion protein His-HcDMC1 was purified. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • Three CAV viral proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3 was separately cloned and expressed in recombinant E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purified recombinant CAV VP1, VP2 and VP3 proteins were then used as antigens in order to evaluate their reactivity against chicken sera using indirect ELISA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results of these ELISAs using truncated recombinant VP2 and VP3 subunit proteins as coating antigen showed that VP2-345N, VP2-396N and VP3-246M gave good immunoreactivity with CAV-positive chicken sera compared to the other subunit proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, epidemiological investigations of CAV infection and/or the evaluation of the immunization status of chickens is necessary for disease control. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We will review these mechanisms and describe the state of knowledge about the proteins involved. (usc.edu)
  • The activation of replication checkpoint may slow down DNA replication and improve DNA replication fidelity, which increases the maintenance of genomic stability and counteracts carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)