Control afferent pathways. Medical search. Frequent questions

In this review, we examined the efficacy of acupuncture with regard to urinary incontinence, and assessed the levels of the autonomic efferent and afferent pathways and the depth of the needle insertion in the acupuncture. (spandidos-publications.com)
This could make possible to evaluate the functionality of efferent and afferent pathways separately. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

It supplies autonomic afferent nerve fibers to the peripheral baroreceptors and chemoreceptors found in the aortic arch. (wikipedia.org)
The aortic nerve is an autonomic afferent nerve, and runs from the peripheral baroreceptors and chemoreceptors found in the aortic arch and the bifurcation of the right brachiocephalic trunk. (wikipedia.org)
In Mecp2 -null mice, a model of RTT, BDNF deficits are most pronounced in structures important for autonomic and respiratory control, functions that are severely affected in RTT patients. (jneurosci.org)
To approach these issues, we analyzed synaptic function in the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS), the principal site for integration of primary visceral afferent inputs to central autonomic pathways and a region in which we found markedly reduced levels of BDNF in Mecp2 mutants. (jneurosci.org)
The muscles controlling micturition are controlled by the autonomic and somatic nervous system. (spandidos-publications.com)
The autonomic nervous system controls the penile blood vessels and causes erection. (urology-textbook.com)
This complex system is mediated by two major efferent pathways, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which obtain afferent signals from different parts of the body, neurons in the spinal cord and cerebral autonomic centres primarily in the hypothalamus, midbrain and brainstem. (bmj.com)
Small myelinated fibers transmit preganglionic autonomic efferents (B fibers) and somatic afferents (A delta fibers). (medscape.com)
Unmyelinated (C) fibers transmit postganglionic autonomic efferents as well as somatic and autonomic afferents. (medscape.com)
The brainstem controls arousal via the activating reticular ascending system (ARAS) and vital functions and immune responses integrity via autonomic centers. (scientificarchives.com)
Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the HYPOTHALAMUS and the SOLITARY NUCLEUS, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS. (bvsalud.org)

Describe the variety of afferent fibers (axons) used by the subsystems. (powershow.com)
AK is that the skeletal muscle tone is controlled by the nervous system and that the nervous system recognizes and reacts to sensory input along a variety of afferent (incoming) pathways. (holistic-alternative-practioners.com)

Afferent nerve fibers run from the receptors via the dorsal penile nerve and pudendal nerve into the spinal cord. (urology-textbook.com)
The neural elements of somatosensory receptors in the hands and feet represent the distal extreme of long afferent fibers, and thus, are par- ticularly vulnerable in the distal axonopathies. (cdc.gov)
The afferent input from these fibers inhibits propagation of nociception carried in the small, unmyelinated C fibers by blocking transmission along these fibers to the target or T cells located in the substantia gelatinosa (laminae 2 and 3) of the dorsal horn. (medscape.com)

Cranial visceral afferents, which innervate the heart and lungs, synapse centrally onto neurons within the medial portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). (silverchair.com)

The aortic nerve is part of the nerve pathway that allows for afferent impulses to be sent from the aortic arch to the medulla oblongata for control of the circulatory system. (wikipedia.org)
This neurotransmitters cause depolarization of the afferent pathway of Glossopharingeal Nerve(carotid body) and Vagus nerve (aortic body). (khanacademy.org)
Afferent signals pass via the pudendal nerve to the sacral erection center, and efferent signals reach via the inferior hypogastric plexus the erectile tissue. (urology-textbook.com)
Optic neuritis refers to an inflammatory injury of the optic nerve and represents a common afferent visual pathway manifestation of MS. Less often, homonymous visual field defects caused by retrogeniculate lesions are encountered. (medscape.com)
Damage to the nerve pathways in the afferent system causes decrease or loss of vision, or blind spots in the visual fields. (omrf.org)
Bell's palsy is a form of facial paralysis resulting from a dysfunction of the cranial nerve VII which controls the muscles of the face (the facial nerve), causing an inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. (scirp.org)

They often involve afferent and efferent pathways of the Peripheral Nervous System, and their effects might be reflected in the mechanosensory-motor circuit at different cellular levels (including sensory and motor neurons, glia and muscle dysfunctions), and in the connexion among them. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Then the afferent and efferent pathways of the Peripheral Nervous System were mimicked in 2D culturing primary neurons involved in the locomotion circuit (motoneurons and dorsal root ganglia) with Schwann cells in the microdevice. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The purpose of this review article is to present the key aspects of the structure of the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system related to the lower urinary tract, as well as the mechanisms of action and the control system of innervation regulating the storage and output of urine. (e-jer.org)
Other research has focused on the peripheral and central neural mechanisms, including spinal gating and descending inhibitory pathways, that might explain the clinical observations of short-term pain relief. (aahclinic.com)
Specific modalities can be associated with unique peripheral receptors, peripheral axons of stereotyped diameter and specific central projection pathways. (cdc.gov)
Minimally, a recep- tor includes a peripheral axon terminal of one pri- mary afferent neuron, whose cell body is sited proximally in the dorsal root ganglion. (cdc.gov)

Past attempts to trace this pathway from the spinal cord through the thalamus and then, to the cerebral cortex have encountered a number of technical and conceptual difficulties. (jneurosci.org)
Here we used anterograde transneuronal transport of the H129 strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) to trace the disynaptic pathway that transmits information from the spinal cord via the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. (jneurosci.org)
Because the cingulate motor areas project to the primary motor cortex and to the spinal cord, these observations suggest that the neural substrate exists for the ST system to have an important influence on the cortical control of movement. (jneurosci.org)
In summary, unilateral UVB irradiation induced contralateral changes in inflammatory/nociceptive neuropeptides in spinal cord and afferent pathways involved in pain signaling already within 24 h, a time point when also ipsilateral neurochemical/physiological changes have been reported for rats and humans. (lu.se)

Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is the central integration hub for afferents from upper airway (somatosensory/gustatory), respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular (baroreceptor and chemoreceptor) and other systems. (hindawi.com)
Indeed, activation of tactile afferents spatially encodes the contact stimuli and sends the tactile information to the upper layers of the somatosensory pathway. (nature.com)

[ 6 ] GON block decreases afferent input to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, resulting in central pain modulation and reducing neuronal hyperexcitability at the level of second-order neurons. (medscape.com)

As a result of dependence upon higher brain centers, certain lesions or diseases of the brain (eg, stroke, cancer, dementia) can result in a loss of voluntary control of the normal micturition reflex as well as symptoms such as urinary urgency. (medscape.com)
The pons relays afferent information from the bladder to higher brain centers, which in turn communicate with the periaqueductal gray matter, a relay station that collects higher brain center intput and processes this in order to signal the PMC to trigger or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)

A failure of the nigrostriatal pathway is associated with Parkinson's Disease and the release of dopamine. (rahulgladwin.com)
Dopamine pathway (subst. (rahulgladwin.com)

To determine the load on a limb, vertebrates use sensory neurons in the Golgi tendon organs: type Ib afferents. (sciencebeta.com)

Our results demonstrate that the amplitude of spontaneous miniature and evoked EPSCs in nTS neurons is significantly increased in Mecp2 -null mice and, accordingly, that mutant cells are more likely than wild- type cells to fire action potentials in response to primary afferent stimulation. (jneurosci.org)
Therefore, we hypothesized that nTS neurons in Mecp2 -null mice would exhibit exaggerated responses to primary afferent stimulation due to loss of this BDNF-dependent modulation. (jneurosci.org)
The present study demonstrates that nTS relay neurons in Mecp2 -null mice exhibit significantly larger EPSCs, and are more likely to fire action potentials in response to afferent stimulation, than in wild-type controls. (jneurosci.org)
These mechanoreceptors are innervated by the first-order neurons of the tactile pathway. (nature.com)
The motor neurons in this nucleus predominantly innervate the external rhabdosphincter, which is under voluntary control. (e-jer.org)
Motor neurons with a distinct mechanism of synaptic signal transmission control the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles, which are involved in penile erection and ejaculation. (e-jer.org)

However, these studies did not test H-reflex modulation during isometric maximum voluntary contraction (iMVC) and did not incorporate a control group in their study design to compare the results of the endurance training group to individuals without the endurance training stimulus. (frontiersin.org)
TRPV1) may influence the cough response and brain stem modulation of the afferent pathways. (thoracickey.com)
Isoflurane modulation of afferent to NTS synaptic communication may underlie compromised cardiorespiratory reflex function. (silverchair.com)

Optogenetics technique can be used in skeletal muscle to induce contraction, mimicking a natural innervation to some length and facilitating the study of the afferent pathway separately. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
In this way, the impact of the innervation mechanism and collaboration of afferents and nociceptors on sharpness recognition are investigated. (nature.com)
The innervation pattern enables individual afferents to encode a portion of the geometric characteristics of the touched objects 4 . (nature.com)
8. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: Dopaminengic innervation of the globus pallidus by collaterals from the nigrostriatal pathway. (lu.se)

To test the key mechanisms potentially involved in symptomatic gastric accommodation, the sensorial responses (on a 0-10 perception score) and the gastric tone responses (by electronic barostat) to either gastric accommodation (n = 10) or to cold stress (n = 10) were measured in 20 patients with functional dyspepsia and 20 healthy controls. (nih.gov)
Technological advancements in prosthesis design and control mechanisms assist amputees to regain lost function but often they have no meaningful tactile feedback or perception. (nature.com)
While exact mechanisms behind both disorders remain to be fully understood, the trigeminovascular system represents one possible common pathophysiological pathway and network of both disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. (marquette.edu)
The involvement of the spinal gating and descending inhibitory pathways mechanisms in acupuncture is supported by animal experiments. (aahclinic.com)

Functioning as brain region for the regulation of energy homeostasis, the hypothalamus integrates different hormonal and neuronal signals controlling appetite and body weight. (frontiersin.org)
Such neuronal translocation constitutes an additional not generally recognized clearance pathway for inhaled solid UFP, whose significance for humans, however, still needs to be estab- lished. (cdc.gov)

The video emphasized proper biomechanical control via visual and auditory cues, including correct and incorrect performance of landing techniques, plyometrics, agilities and strengthening exercises. (la84.org)
As well, the exposure to solvent s can effect the afferent and efferent auditory pathways. (cdc.gov)

The brain is the master control of the entire urinary system. (medscape.com)
Cognitive control of micturition is achieved by communication from a number of brain structures to the periaqueductal gray matter, which then exerts control over the pontine micturition center to suppress or trigger a voiding reflex. (medscape.com)
Overall, the brain receives input via afferent pathways that ascend from the bladder and provide feedback on how full the bladder is. (medscape.com)
The ability of the brain to control the PMC is part of the social training that children experience during growth and development. (medscape.com)
Usually the brain takes over the control of the pons, via the periaqueducatal gray matter, when children undergo toilet training. (medscape.com)
Neurobiology researchers have identified a pathway in brain circuitry that, when stimulated, leads to "antidepressive" behavior in animals. (neurosciencenews.com)
This control comes from the cerebellum, the part of the brain affecting balance. (sciencebeta.com)
The field of neuro-ophthalmology deals with problems with vision such as information coming from the eyes to the brain (called the afferent system) and the brain control of eyes positioning and movement (called the efferent system). (omrf.org)

By including realistic mossy fiber signals, as well as realistic conduction delays in afferent and efferent pathways, the model allowed the investigation of timing and predictive processes relevant to cerebellar involvement in the control of movement. (mit.edu)

Control of cardiac rhythmicity. (uninsubria.eu)

Classically, the spinothalamic (ST) system has been viewed as the major pathway for transmitting nociceptive and thermoceptive information to the cerebral cortex. (jneurosci.org)
The cerebral cortex may control the motor output of cough volitionally or influence the "urge-to-cough" sensation. (thoracickey.com)
Describe the output pathway from the ear to the cortex and how sound properties of encoded. (powershow.com)
Afferent and efferent pathways (to thalamus and cortex). (rahulgladwin.com)
Cerebral cortex: motor and premotor areas (motor control) - control of movement. (rahulgladwin.com)
Acetylcholine pathway (Cortex to the caudate nucleus and putamen). (rahulgladwin.com)
The gate-control theory postulates a mechanism by which the gate is closed again, preventing further central transmission of the nociceptive information to the cortex. (medscape.com)

One of the main features of biological tactile afferents is that their distal axon branches in the skin, creating complex receptive fields. (nature.com)

The external urethral sphincter is under somatic control ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Here, we tested this hypothesis using in vivo evoked potential recordings from a midbrain nucleus in the ascending electrosensory pathway of mormyrids. (elifesciences.org)

Conscious proprioception is communicated by the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway to the cerebrum. (sciencebeta.com)
Multiple pathways connect the ganglia with the cerebrum. (rahulgladwin.com)

During the 2000 season, 1041 female subjects (52 teams) and 1902 players (95 teams) served as the age and skill matched non-randomized control. (la84.org)
In 2000, there was an overall 88% decrease in ACL ligament injury in the enrolled subjects compared to the control group. (la84.org)

Further research is needed on the afferent control of spinal reflex pathways in health and disease in order to better understand the neural control of movement in humans. (marquette.edu)

Gustatory performances in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia were lower than those in healthy controls. (assonba.com)
Our team developed a recording of gustatory evoked potentials (GEP), which is a reliable method to explore the afferent gustatory pathway. (assonba.com)
Thanks to this electroencephalographic technique, a preliminary work of our team highlighted a different cerebral gustatory activation in response to a sweet solution according to the cognitive status of the patients (AD, MCI or healthy controls). (assonba.com)

It is concluded that an abnormal afferent sensorial pathway (altered gastric perception) may be a major mechanism of symptom production in functional dyspepsia. (nih.gov)
The mechanism of the analgesia produced by TENS is explained by the gate-control theory proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965. (medscape.com)

Yun identified a protein in the Ent-hippocampal pathway, called TRIP8b, that increases during stress, and inhibits cell firing. (neurosciencenews.com)
It is recognized that the drug naloxone, which reverses the chemical effects of pain killing drugs within the body, also inhibits the pain killing effects of acupuncture, which suggests that the same neural pathways are used. (aahclinic.com)

The gastrointestinal tract is controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and, additionally, the enteric nervous system which, through Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses, control motility and secretion in the small and large intestines. (bmj.com)

Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations are frequently encountered in multiple sclerosis (MS). Affected individuals may experience problems with how they see the world (afferent visual pathway symptoms) and/or how their eyes move together (efferent visual pathway disorders). (medscape.com)
Because patients with MS who have visual symptoms tend to seek ophthalmic attention, eye care experts play a vital role in the localization of afferent and efferent visual pathway problems that may either represent the first clinical manifestation of MS or affect a patient with a well-established diagnosis. (medscape.com)

These findings highlight a potential biological pathway linking work schedule demands and chronic disease. (cdc.gov)

Seven databases were searched for any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the use of acupuncture or acupressure as a treatment for urinary incontinence, and the Cochrane risk of bias tool was utilized to evaluate the risk of bias in each study. (spandidos-publications.com)

Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) are neurological disorders affecting muscles and their control through nervous system. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
This is seen even in infants as soon as they gain control of their neck muscles. (sciencebeta.com)
80%) causing an inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. (scirp.org)
Facial palsy is typified by inability to control movement in the facial muscles. (scirp.org)

Our findings suggest that the synergy between sensory afferents and nociceptors conveys more information about tactile stimuli which in turn leads to the robustness of the proposed neuromorphic system against damage to the taxels or afferents. (nature.com)

Spike responses of the biomimetic afferents are then collected for analysis by rate and temporal coding algorithms. (nature.com)

The normal function of the urinary bladder is to store and expel urine in a coordinated, controlled fashion. (medscape.com)

A simplified model of the cerebellum was developed to explore its potential for adaptive, predictive control based on delayed feedback information. (mit.edu)

Twenty-two young adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group. (frontiersin.org)
Given these physiological observations, the bio-inspired afferents are randomly connected to the several neighboring mechanoreceptors with different weights to form their own receptive field. (nature.com)

20.6 ± 2.1 years of age, of both sexes, with a mean body mass index 23.3 ± 5.4 kg/m² that were evaluated in stabilometric platform before and after a program of proprioceptive training using the equipment and proprioceptive hard rocker, and divided into proprioception (n = 10) and control group (n = 8) group. (bvsalud.org)
At the end of the intervention subjects were reassessed at stabilometric platform on which it was observed that the proprioception group there was a significant reduction in body sway in relation to the control group (p = 0.002). (bvsalud.org)

have not included a control group in their study design in order to compare the results of the endurance training group to individuals without the training stimulus. (frontiersin.org)

Of the enrolled subjects, 2 confirmed ACL tears (.2 ACL injuries/athlete/1,000 exposures) were reported versus 32 confirmed ACL tears (1.7 ACL injuries/athlete/1,000 exposures) reported from the control group. (la84.org)
Four ACL tears were reported in the intervention group (.47 injuries/athlete/1,000 exposures) versus thirty-five ACL tears reported in the control group (1.8 injuries/athlete/1,000 exposures) (Table 1). (la84.org)

Thus, the substrate exists for the ST system to have an important influence on the cortical control of movement. (jneurosci.org)
In the present study, we propose a bio-inspired tactile system with a population of 23 digital afferents: 12 RA-I, 6 SA-I, and 5 nociceptors. (nature.com)

Important for cognitive control of motor activity. (rahulgladwin.com)

Efferent visual pathway lesions may create a perception of oscillopsia, a visual disturbance in which objects appear to move or "oscillate" owing to various forms of nystagmus (involuntary eye movements). (medscape.com)
Despite substantial progress in the design and control of prosthesis 8 , sensory perception of prosthetic hands is at the beginning of the road. (nature.com)

Hormonal control.Acid base balance:Body buffer systems. (uninsubria.eu)

Anatomy26

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes13

Disciplines and Occupations1

Efferent and afferent pathways2

Autonomic11

Variety of afferent2

Fibers3

Visceral afferents1

Nerve6

Peripheral6

Spinal cord4

Somatosensory2

Trigeminal1

Centers4

Dopamine2

Sensory neurons1

Neurons6

Modulation3

Innervation4

Mechanisms5

Neuronal2

Auditory2

Brain8

Signals1

Cardiac1

Cortex7

Distal1

Somatic1

Nucleus1

Cerebrum2

20002

Humans1

Gustatory3

Mechanism2

Inhibits2

Sympathetic1

Symptoms2

Biological1

Acupuncture1

Muscles4

Damage1

Responses1

Bladder1

Cerebellum1

Randomly2

Proprioception2

Stimulus1

Injuries2

System2

Cognitive1

Perception2

Hormonal1