Contributes cyclic gmp dependent protein kinases. Medical search. Frequent questions

Their function is to degrade intracellular second messengers such as cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which leads to several biological processes like effect on intracellular calcium level by the Ca2+ pathway. (wikipedia.org)
MNU was dissolved im- (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) mediately before use in glacial acetic acid and water (pH into their intermediate inactive 50 derivatives and 5- 4.5-5). (sagepub.com)

We discover heat shock protein HSPA8/HSC70 as a target for inducible phosphorylation in the DNA-PK antiviral pathway. (woofahs.com)
We measured this using an improved fluorescent reporter and by phosphorylation of endogenous cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB). (nature.com)
Egan, J. J., Greenberg, A. S., Chang, M. K. & Londos, C. Control of endogenous phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. (nature.com)
The levels of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were not affected by the cAMP-dependent pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
In healthy individuals, nicotine improves memory impairment caused by sleep deprivation by enhancing the phosphorylation of calmodulin‑dependent protein kinase II, an essential regulator of cell proliferation and synaptic plasticity. (spandidos-publications.com)
We have identified potential direct substrates of the kinase by defining its unique consensus phosphorylation site and identifying parasite proteins that physically interact with it, in vitro . (rutgers.edu)
These results suggest that NO contributes to L-LTP by stimulating guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase, which acts in parallel with PKA to increase phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB. (jneurosci.org)

Cyclic nucleotides, like other nucleotides, are composed of three functional groups: a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)
A cyclic nucleotide, unlike other nucleotides, has a cyclic bond arrangement between the ribose sugar and the phosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)
There are two main groups of cyclic nucleotides: the canonical or well-established and the non-canonical or unknown-function cyclic nucleotides. (pancreapedia.org)
The two well-established cyclic nucleotides are adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP). (pancreapedia.org)
The non-canonical cyclic nucleotides include the purines inosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic IMP), xanthosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic XMP) and the pyrimidines cytidine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic cCMP), uridine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic UMP), and thymidine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cTMP) (145). (pancreapedia.org)
An overview of the non-canonical cyclic nucleotides is provided in Section V. (pancreapedia.org)
Cyclic nucleotides form when the phosphate group of the molecule of nucleotide triphosphate (ATP or GTP) is attacked by the 3' hydroxyl group of the ribose, forming a cyclic 3',5'-phosphate ester with release of pyrophosphate. (pancreapedia.org)
This cyclic conformation allows cyclic nucleotides to bind to proteins to which other nucleotides cannot. (pancreapedia.org)

cGAS binds to double-stranded DNA and catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) (4, 5), a diffusible cyclic dinucleotide that activates the endoplasmic adaptor protein STING (6). (woofahs.com)
Activated STING then serves Fenretinide as a platform for the inducible recruitment of the TBK1 kinase, which phosphorylates and activates the transcription factor IRF3, leading to the induction of the type I interferon mediated antiviral response (7). (woofahs.com)
Although cGMP activates the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent pathway by suppressing cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3), the effects of the cAMP-dependent pathway on γ-globin gene expression are unknown. (elsevierpure.com)
After a ligand binds to the GPCR, it activates a heterotrimeric G-protein, which is composed of three subunits: a guanine nucleotide binding α-subunit, and a βγ-heterodimer (98). (pancreapedia.org)

Fenretinide DNA-PK as the sensor of this pathway and demonstrate that DNA-PK kinase activity drives a robust and broad antiviral response. (woofahs.com)
Introduction The cGAS-STING DNA sensing pathway has emerged as a key component of the innate Fenretinide immune response that is important for antiviral immunity (1), contributes to specific autoimmune diseases (2), and mediates important aspects of antitumor immunity (3). (woofahs.com)
MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v.) and group IV (Tada- activate protein kinase G and map kinase pathway of lafil 4 mg/kg, p.o. (sagepub.com)
Altogether, we are the first to demonstrate that NETs inhibition with Cl-amidine ameliorated neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and neurological deficits via STING-dependent IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
However, increasing evidence indicates that loss of physiological APP functions mediated predominantly by neurotrophic APPsα produced in the non-amyloidogenic α-secretase pathway may contribute to AD pathogenesis. (springer.com)
Fetal hemoglobin inducers such as hemin, butyrate, and hydroxyurea stimulate γ-globin gene expression by activating the cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
The cAMP-dependent pathway was activated in K562 cells using the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. (elsevierpure.com)
The cAMP-dependent pathway was found to be activated in K562 cells in which the cGMP-dependent pathway was activated by hemin. (elsevierpure.com)
Activation of the cAMP-dependent pathway by forskolin inhibited hemin-induced expression of γ-globin mRNA and decreased transcriptional activity of the γ-globin gene promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
These results suggested that the cAMP-dependent pathway, which is independent of MAPK pathways, plays a negative role in γ-globin gene expression in K562 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Increasing evidence has suggested the possibility that the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors modulates spinal nociceptive transmission via a nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. (silverchair.com)
The lcn2-induced phenotypic changes of astrocytes occurred through a Rho-ROCK (Rho kinase)-GFAP pathway, which was positively regulated by nitric oxide and cGMP. (jneurosci.org)
Accumulation of misfolded proteins and alterations in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway are associated with various neurodegenerative conditions of the CNS and PNS. (shengsci.com)

PDEs are enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3,5-monophospahate (cGMP), which are intracellular second messengers, into AMP and GMP. (wikipedia.org)
stitute of 11 distinct gene families, which initiate the Carcinogenesis was induced by single tail vein injection of st sequential lcleavage of cyclic adenosine monophosphate MNU on day 1 in each animal. (sagepub.com)

Hormones mobilize intracellular second messengers and initiate signalling cascades involving protein kinases and phosphatases, which are often spatially compartmentalized by anchoring proteins to increase signalling specificity 1 . (nature.com)
Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP are second messengers. (pancreapedia.org)

Activator of protein kinase A (cyclic AMP agonist). (biolog.de)
A protein kinase C activator, 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate, had opposite effects on PGE1-mediated IP release and cyclic GMP formation (inhibitory) and cyclic AMP formation (stimulatory). (shengsci.com)

The human genome contains at least 21 genes involved in determining the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP by the expression of phosphodiesterase proteins or PDE's. (wikipedia.org)
Selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors improve the formation of hippocampus-dependent memories in several rodent models of cognition. (springer.com)

However, studies evaluating the effects of PDE inhibition on prefrontal cortex-dependent cognition and in monkeys are rare. (springer.com)

1 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent enzyme that is stimulated by the activation of NMDA receptors and synthesizes nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. (silverchair.com)
We previously reported the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6) in the responses of plants to heat shock (HS) exposure. (biomedcentral.com)

Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
We discovered that IKKe works redundantly along with TBK1, the major effector kinase downstream of STING. (monash.edu)

A specific inhibitor of cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase, Rp-8pCPT-cGMPS, partially inhibited the effect of dinitrosyl-iron-thiosulfate on neurogenic vasoconstriction, but not on [ 3 H]noradrenaline release. (biomedcentral.com)
Conversely, either NO or cGMP analogs paired with one-train tetanization produced late-phase potentiation, and the cGMP-induced potentiation was blocked by inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis and an inhibitor of PKG, but not by an inhibitor of PKA. (jneurosci.org)

Upon binding of dsDNA, cGAS produces a cyclic di-nucleotide molecule, cGAMP. (monash.edu)
Considerably higher resistance against cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases compared to dibutyryl or 8-Br-cAMP, no metabolic side effects. (biolog.de)
A cyclase enzyme (lyase) catalyzes the formation of the cyclic nucleotide from its nucleotide triphosphate precursor ( Figure 1 ). (pancreapedia.org)
Cyclic nucleotide signaling can be initiated by two general mechanisms. (pancreapedia.org)
The end products of this catalytic reaction are a cyclic nucleotide (cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP) and a pyrophosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)

PGE1 increased intracellular levels of total inositol phosphates (IP), cyclic GMP, cyclic AMP, and calcium ([Ca2+]i). (shengsci.com)

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) is a new intracellular modulator of P2X3 receptors. (shengsci.com)
The present study investigated the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) in interacti. (shengsci.com)

In this work, we have revealed that early viral protein UBCv1, the only known conjugating enzyme encoded by a virus, modulates innate immune and inflammatory signaling. (mdpi.com)
The major sensor of cytosolic double stranded (ds)DNA is the enzyme cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase). (monash.edu)

To test a possible downstream target of PKG, we examined changes in phospho-CRE-binding protein (phospho-CREB) immunofluorescence in the CA1 cell body area and obtained results similar to those of the electrophysiology experiments. (jneurosci.org)

An evolving paradigm expanding the genetic basis of cancer suggests that developmental programs indelibly imprint restricted repertoires of homeostasis, forming the substrate for lineage-dependent tumor induction by deregulation of tissue-specific survival pathways. (jefferson.edu)

2,3 NO increases cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) through the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). (silverchair.com)

Arginine-denpendent NO synthase (NOS) and nitrite-dependent nitrate reductase (NR) are two important enzymes for NO production in plants. (biomedcentral.com)

In general, pulmonary endothelial dysfunction contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in all groups of PAH [ 5 ] [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Endothelial cell lineage tracing showed that BNP directly stimulated the proliferation of resident endothelial cells via NPR-A binding and p38 MAP kinase activation. (elifesciences.org)

Like most bacteria, Xcc uses a variety of extracellular protein structures to interact with their surrounding environment and drives cellular movement. (biomedcentral.com)
These extracellular protein structures called flagella and pili contribute cellular movement in the form of 'swimming' and 'swarming', respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
A Relay Network of Extracellular Heme-Binding Proteins Drives Iron Acquisition from Hemoglobin. (prelekara.sk)
This occurs through the downregulation of methylmalonyl coenzyme A epimerase (MCEE), mediated by an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2-driven transcription factor Sp1/early growth response protein 1 transcriptional switch driven by metastatic signalling at its promoter level. (biomed.news)
PGE1-mediated IP accumulation, cyclic GMP formation, and [Ca2+]i increase depended on both the concentration of PGE1 and extracellular calcium ions. (shengsci.com)
One mechanism is the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). (pancreapedia.org)
The receptor protein has seven transmembrane α-helices connected by alternating cytosolic and extracellular loops. (pancreapedia.org)
The ligand-binding site is in the extracellular domain and the cytosolic domain has a heterotrimeric G protein-binding site (127). (pancreapedia.org)

Preferential activation of microsomal diacylglycerol/protein kinase C signaling during glucose treatment (De Novo phospholipid synthesis) of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
Glucose has been reported to increase the de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) and translocate and activate protein kinase C (PKC) in rat adipocytes. (jci.org)

These divergent findings reflect the site-specific complexity of NO-dependent signaling in the regulation of pain generating processes. (biomedcentral.com)

PilG and PilH antagonistically control flagellum-dependent and pili-dependent motility in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we present evidence demonstrating the role of two single domain response regulators PilG and PilH in the antagonistic control of flagellum-dependent (swimming) and pili-dependent (swarming) motility. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, we demonstrate that for the conditions tested PilG and PilH have inverse regulatory effects on flagellum-dependent and pili-dependent motility in Xcc and that this regulatory impact depends on these proteins influences on genes/proteins involved in flagellar biosynthesis and pilus assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, flagellum-dependent and pili-dependent motility are essential to Xcc 's ability to attach to host surfaces and to elicit disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the importance of flagellum-dependent and pili-dependent motility for Xcc survival and ability to cause disease, it is critical that these systems are effectively regulated and controlled. (biomedcentral.com)

In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
The type I cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) is one of the major pathways for the cGMP cascade and has been demonstrated to inhibit platelet aggregation, relax smooth muscle cells, and control cardiocyte contractility. (elsevierpure.com)
A primary focus on my research has been the parasite's cGMP dependent protein kinase (PKG). (rutgers.edu)
Three-train L-LTP was also blocked by inhibitors of guanylyl cyclase or cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). (jneurosci.org)

This novel role in restricting the proliferating compartment and organizing the crypt-villus axis suggests that dysregulation of GCC, reflecting loss of endogenous ligands, might contribute to tumorigenesis by potentiating hyperproliferation which, in turn, may amplify disruption of genomic integrity. (jefferson.edu)
Oral microbiota contribute to health and disease, and their disruption may influence the course of oral diseases like oral candidiasis. (prelekara.sk)

In that context, differentiated enterocytes in villi exhibit higher guanylin expression and ligand-dependent cGMP accumulation compared to proliferating progenitor cells in crypts. (jefferson.edu)
Western blotting indicated that CNGC6 stimulated the accumulation of HS proteins via NO. (biomedcentral.com)
There was more than a 10-fold difference between the ED50 for PGE1 at cyclic AMP formation (70 nM) and its ED50 values at IP accumulation (1 microM), cyclic GMP formation (2 microM), and [Ca2+]i increase (5 microM). (shengsci.com)
PGE1 had more potent intrinsic activity in cyclic AMP formation, IP accumulation, and cyclic GMP formation than did PGE2, PGF2 alpha, or PGD2. (shengsci.com)
These data suggest that there may be subtypes of the PGE1 receptor in this clone: a high-affinity receptor mediating cyclic AMP formation, and a low-affinity receptor mediating IP accumulation, cyclic GMP formation, and intracellular calcium mobilization. (shengsci.com)

Feliciello, A., Rubin, C. S., Avvedimento, E. V. & Gottesman, M. E. Expression of a kinase anchor protein 121 is regulated by hormones in thyroid and testicular germ cells. (nature.com)
In response to a brain injury, astrocytes proliferate and become hypertrophic with an increased expression of intermediate filament proteins. (jneurosci.org)
Forced expression of lcn2 or treatment with LCN2 protein increased the sensitivity of astrocytes to cytotoxic stimuli. (jneurosci.org)
In this process, astrocytes proliferate to fill gaps and undergo a typical morphological change: a large cytoplasmic mass, long and branched processes, and increased expression of intermediate filaments such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). (jneurosci.org)
Here, we review mechanisms of mitochondrial gene expression with a focus on the recent findings in the field of mammalian mtDNA transcription and disease phenotypes caused by defects in proteins involved in this process. (biomed.news)
The ferritin-like Dps protein is required for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium oxidative stress Our investigations indicate that Salmonella have leveraged the regulatory activity that Gre factors directly promote gapA gene expression, we visualized the products of the fluorescence vesicle suspension from entering into the metabolite inlet but did not attempt to extract the mean change in the Salmonella enterica. (mister-finch.com)

Depending on which family the G protein is, it goes on to activate (G αs protein subunit) or inhibit (G αi protein subunit) the membrane-bound cyclase. (pancreapedia.org)

A further enhancement takes place by proteins like JACD and RhoA coupled phospholipase C coupled G-protein receptors and integrins. (bvsalud.org)
Here we show that efficient heme uptake relies on a family of extracellularly-anchored proteins that serve as heme receptors, two of which, at least, are required for efficient heme utilization. (prelekara.sk)
Our data suggest the existence of a relay system that transfers heme from one protein to the next across the cell envelope, explaining the requirement for multiple heme receptors for efficient heme-iron utilization. (prelekara.sk)
The activation of NMDA receptors in the central nervous system initiates an influx of Ca 2+ , inducing Ca 2+ -dependent intracellular processes. (silverchair.com)

At steady state, STING is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein that exists as a preformed dimer. (monash.edu)

16 Furthermore, its oxidation products can act as electrophiles to bind specific proteins , resulting in the modification of their cellular functions. (rsc.org)

3 hr, and is reduced by inhibitors of PKA and of protein or RNA synthesis. (jneurosci.org)

Exploring how innate immune processes contribute to host defence against pathogens, disease pathologies and anti-tumour immunity. (monash.edu)

Finally, we tested whether the antiviral response to DNA was dependent on the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7, which together are essential for the IFN response to all other known nucleic acid detection pathways (12). (woofahs.com)
It is likely to act as a bioactive compound by exerting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity and/or binding to specific proteins such as oxidative enzymes and transcriptional factors in signal transduction pathways. (rsc.org)
My research program aims to (1) understand the function of Plasmodium second messenger signaling pathways during the first key step of a mammalian infection, (2) validate select parasite kinases as potential drug targets and (3) develop early hit-to-lead programs for inhibitors of validated kinases. (rutgers.edu)
The interplay between diverse organ systems contributing to HF is mediated by the activation of counteracting neurohormonal pathways focused on re-establishing hemodynamic homeostasis. (cardiologyresearchjournal.com)

The delivery of proteins to the presynaptic terminals of guinea pig retinal ganglion cells by two of the major components of axonal transport, and the subsequent persistence and turnover of those proteins were examined in this study. (shengsci.com)

In terms of its mechanism of action, nicotine slows the progression of PD by inhibiting Sirtuin 6, a stress‑responsive protein deacetylase, thereby decreasing neuronal apoptosis and improving neuronal survival. (spandidos-publications.com)

In AD, nicotine improves cognitive impairment by enhancing protein kinase B (also referred to as Akt) activity and stimulating phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/Akt signaling, which regulates learning and memory processes. (spandidos-publications.com)

Barger SW, Harmon AD (1997) Microglial activation by Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and modulation by apolipoprotein E. Nature 388:878-881. (springer.com)

Austin SA, Combs CK (2008) Mechanisms of microglial activation by amyloid precursor protein and its proteolytic fragments. (springer.com)

We hypothesised, that low molecular mass DNIC may also affect the process of neuromediator release, which is known to be associated with membrane depolarisation and involves an array of thiol-containing proteins which are usually sensitive to S-nitrosation [ 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
15. KulkarniRD, KelkarHS, DeanRA (2003) An eight-cysteine-containing CFEM domain unique to a group of fungal membrane proteins. (prelekara.sk)

We utilize a combination of molecular genetics, cell biology, imaging and genomics to identify parasite proteins required for successful infection of, development within and exit from mammalian hepatocytes. (rutgers.edu)

DNIC-thiosulfate (1-10 μM), in a concentration dependent manner, enhanced the electrical field stimulated [ 3 H] noradrenaline release. (biomedcentral.com)

There are very low levels of free zinc in plasma, since it is mostly bound to proteins such as albumin, alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and transferrin. (frontiersin.org)
Almkvist O, Basun H, Wagner SL, Rowe BA, Wahlund LO, Lannfelt L (1997) Cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-secretase-cleaved soluble amyloid precursor protein mirror cognition in a Swedish family with Alzheimer disease and a gene mutation. (springer.com)
Anderson JJ, Holtz G, Baskin PP et al (1999) Reduced cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-secretase-cleaved amyloid precursor protein in aged rats: correlation with spatial memory deficits. (springer.com)

Aggregates containing ubiquitin and peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) have been observed in the Trembler J mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ty. (shengsci.com)
It is speculated that due to peripheral polyneuropathy arising out of diabetes, diabetic urethropathy possibly contributes to deterioration of voiding function by altering the integrity of urethra vesicle coordination. (jhrr.org)

For example, HS proteins (HSPs) play an important role in cellular responses under HS conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs167

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes41

Information Science3

Guanosine monophosphate2

Phosphorylation7

Nucleotides8

Activates4

Pathway13

Adenosine2

Second messengers2

Activator2

Phosphodiesterase2

Inhibition1

Nitric2

Effector2

Inhibitor2

Nucleotide5

Intracellular levels1

Calmodulin-dependent2

Enzyme2

Downstream1

Substrate1

Monophosphate1

Synthase1

Endothelial2

Extracellular8

Adipocytes2

Regulation1

Motility5

CGMP-dependent4

Disruption2

Accumulation5

Expression6

Activate1

Receptors4

Endoplasmic1

Oxidation1

Synthesis1

Innate immune1

Pathways4

Retinal1

Neuronal apoptosis1

Processes1

Modulation1

Activation1

Membrane2

Genomics1

Concentration dependent manner1

Levels3

Peripheral2

Cellular1