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Distinguished from the raceme-type inflorescences of Arabidopsis and panicle-type inflorescences of rice, tomato has a cyme-type inflorescence lacking a main axis, which initiates from a sympodial inflorescence meristem (SIM). (nature.com)
Upon elimination of PNY (PENNYWISE) and PNF (POUNDFOOLISH) function in Arabidopsis , SAM remained in a vegetative state as it could not perceive the inductive signals, which suggested the connection between meristem architecture and their response potential to floral stimuli [ 3 ]. (jabonline.in)
We analyzed gene expression during Arabidopsis thaliana meristem development under long day conditions from day 7 to 16 after germination in one-day increments. (biomedcentral.com)
For annual plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana , proper determination of the flowering time is critical for plant reproductive success because a switch from vegetative to reproductive development is irreversible. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell wall invertase expression at the apical meristem alters floral, architectural, and reproductive traits in Arabidopsis thaliana. (mpg.de)
Impact of soluble sugar concentrations on the acquisition of freezing tolerance in accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana with contrasting cold adaptation - evidence for a role of raffinose in cold acclimation. (mpg.de)

Illustration of the three potential axillary meristem fates. (qubs.ca)
An effective chemical fruit thinning program reduces the number of fruit per tree or per spur, thereby increasing the probability that the terminal axillary meristem on a flowering or fruiting spur will develop reproductive structures. (ashs.org)

Plants can be defined as multicellular photosynthetic organisms with reproductive structures that are more complex than single cells. (vt.edu)
By this definition, algae are not considered plants because they are either unicellular or their reproductive structures are essentially unicellular, and fungi, too, are excluded because they are not photosynthetic. (vt.edu)
Variability of plant architecture is related to the distribution and position of the vegetative and reproductive structures along its short axis (rosette plant) and is determined by many factors, including abiotic, agronomic, nutritional and environmental factors. (researchgate.net)
The bud bank is the individual's population of axillary meristems positioned along plant shoots, and from which essential structures develop. (qubs.ca)
After germination, plants enter a juvenile vegetative phase and then transition to an adult vegetative phase before producing reproductive structures. (elifesciences.org)
in contrast to simple family structures reported for a variety of angiosperm nsltp genes, the putative pine nsltp gene is a member of a complex family. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The ABC produces four structures (proximal to distal, relative to the subtending leaf) as the result of two successive subdivisions: an inflorescence of staminate flowers, a solitary pistillate flower, a lateral bud, and a tendril. (wiley.com)

The transition from the juvenile vegetative to the adult vegetative stage, during which plants acquire reproductive competence, is known as vegetative phase change. (elifesciences.org)
In addition to reducing the size of both roots and lateral organs of the shoot, hst mutations affect the size of the shoot apical meristem, accelerate vegetative phase change, delay floral induction under short days, adaxialize leaves and carpels, disrupt the phyllotaxis of the inflorescence, and reduce fertility. (silverchair.com)

STM3 is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive meristematic tissues and in leaf primordia and leaves, indicative of its function in flowering time and inflorescence-branching development. (nature.com)
The former produces a flower or an inflorescence whereas the latter typically produces nothing. (qubs.ca)
In ( b ), an Iax has developed as a reproductive (Rax) meristem, producing a flower or inflorescence, thus promoting seed offspring production. (qubs.ca)
Despite extensive studies of specific genes that regulate this process, the global changes in transcript expression profiles at the point when a vegetative meristem transitions into an inflorescence have not been reported. (biomedcentral.com)

Cells of the meristematic tissue are found in meristems , which are plant regions of continuous cell division and growth. (texasgateway.org)
Meristematic tissue cells are either undifferentiated or incompletely differentiated, and they continue to divide and contribute to the growth of the plant. (texasgateway.org)
Apical meristems contain meristematic tissue located at the tips of stems and roots, which enable a plant to extend in length. (texasgateway.org)

Growth - As organisms grow, more cells are needed to support their increasing size. (15worksheets.com)
Plants, like other higher organisms, progress through a series of developmental phases, and the correct timing of these phase changes is critical for growth and reproduction, and thus for survival in the natural environment. (elifesciences.org)
Animals, in contrast, are heterotrophs and they need to consume other organisms for sustenance. (biologyonline.com)
Organisms, biological agents, or biologically-derived agents used strategically for their positive or adverse effect on the physiology and/or reproductive health of other organisms. (lookformedical.com)
Some environmental conditions may be stressful, adversely affecting the growth and reproduction of organisms. (edu.au)

Xylem and phloem transport water, minerals, and sugars produced through photosynthesis through the plant body (see the Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants module). (texasgateway.org)
Watch Botany Without Borders , a video produced by the Botanical Society of America about the importance of plants. (texasgateway.org)
All plants survived waterlogging, and the relative growth rates of roots and shoots and the net uptake rate of nitrogen were resumed during recovery. (frontiersin.org)
Despite this, waterlogging in spring was highly detrimental to these oats because of severe damage under waterlogging and because of the inability to initiate new tillers and adequately resume root growth during recovery, once plants had achieved the phase of stem elongation. (frontiersin.org)
The subsequent studies considered that higher plants share two essential features of floral transition: Generation of floral stimulus in leaves and its transport to the target, shoot apical meristem (SAM), which must be competent to receive it [ 2 ]. (jabonline.in)
Floral inductive signals induce the transformation of SAM into a floral meristem, and plants' flowering time could be affected by growing them in varying day lengths such as shortening day length by shading or increasing the day length by incandescent light bulbs [ 5 ]. (jabonline.in)
This review summarizes the current research progress on alternative rubber-producing plants, including horticultural plants ( Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin and Lactuca L. species), woody plants ( Parthenium argentatum A. Gray and Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (chinaagrisci.com)
In Plants - It occurs in areas called meristems, which are growth regions in plants. (15worksheets.com)
Plants from different nursery cultivation systems were dissected to determine plant architecture detecting and recording the fate of all the meristems before field cultivation. (researchgate.net)
Under protected cultivation, July-plugged plants produced fruit in October, November and December. (researchgate.net)
Seed plants commonly allocate main stem growth to vertical (and in some cases horizontal) extension at the expense of allocation to growth of side branches. (qubs.ca)
In contrast, short-day (SD) plants start to flower only when the day length is shorter than a critical value, and there are also plants that are photoperiod neutral. (biomedcentral.com)
Juvenile plants rapidly increase their photosynthetic capacity, size and mass to ensure maximum productivity, but are incapable of initiating reproductive development. (elifesciences.org)
[4] The first root in seed producing plants is the radicle , which expands from the plant embryo after seed germination. (wikimili.com)
The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta ) are one of the major groups of modern plants , comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers , where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. (academickids.com)
Each plant and crop species has its own "personality" and growth habits, and root systems have unique characteristics among plants species. (arizona.edu)
Cassava is monoecious and predominantly outcrossing is mediated by protogyny which leads to high degree of heterozygosity in plants and among populations produced from botanical seed. (biologydiscussion.com)
They produce flagellated, actively motile spores (zoospores) that are pathogenic to many crop plants and FISHES. (lookformedical.com)
Cultivated plants or agricultural produce such as grain, vegetables, or fruit. (lookformedical.com)
Earliest agronomist not considered Si as an essential element as N, P and K for plant growth because of non-availability of positive evidence to show Si involvement in any metabolic activities of plants (Datnoff et al. (researchsquare.com)

Transcriptome analysis and genetic interactions revealed shared and divergent functions of miR156-targeted SlSBP genes, PROCERA/DELLA and the classical WUSCHEL/CLAVATA pathway, which has been previously associated with meristem size and determinacy. (bvsalud.org)

A larger vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM) often produces more branching inflorescences. (nature.com)
The jointless ( j ) mutant produces indeterminate inflorescences that revert to vegetative growth after the production of two or three flowers 16 , 17 . (nature.com)
reproductive (R) meristems produce flowers or inflorescences and growth (G) meristems produce branches bearing leaves. (qubs.ca)

G meristems (as well as the apex of the main stem) can terminate in one of two fates: either in a reproductive or an inactive apex. (qubs.ca)
Wenatchee, WA) at ≈14-day intervals beginning 50 days after bloom indicated that the time of floral transition (doming of the meristem apex) occurred during the period from 65 to 105 days after bloom at each location. (ashs.org)

Referred to as apical dominance, this directional growth form 'strategy' is enabled by effects of the plant hormone auxin on suppression of the main stem's 'bud bank' ( Cline 1994 ). (qubs.ca)
The final hypothesis-the Reserve Meristem hypothesis-proposes that the benefit of apical dominance lies in its effects on delaying release of axillary meristems from their inactive state (i.e. prolonging their Iax status), thus making them available (in reserve) for deployment should the plant experience apical herbivory ( Aarssen 1995 ), and therefore enabling compensatory branch production for the afflicted plant ( Lortie and Aarssen 2000a ). (qubs.ca)
The cultivated germplasm has erratic flowering habit and apical dominance, generally producing a single woody stem with 2-3 levels of lateral branching. (biologydiscussion.com)

This thesis demonstrates that the temporal nature of stress is important for determining an individual's response - their growth and reproduction, and future success of their offspring. (edu.au)

In ( c ) an Iax has developed as a growth (G) meristem, producing a lateral leaf-bearing branch/shoot, thus promoting biomass accumulation and supporting three additional Iax meristems, and one terminal inactive shoot apical meristem (Iap) (red circles). (qubs.ca)

Cytokinins regulate root apical meristem size and promote lateral root elongation. (wikimili.com)
these miRNAs inhibited the total root growth but promoted the seminal roots growth and lateral root formation to tolerate N deficiency. (frontiersin.org)
which contributed to increasing in the total root length and primary root growth and to decreasing in the lateral root formation to adapt the N deficiency. (frontiersin.org)

The integration of AtDREB2A-CA into the cotton genome increased total root volume, surface area and total root length, without negatively affecting shoot morphometric growth parameters and nor phenotypic evaluated traits. (scirp.org)

Strawberry plant architecture shows some constant features related to its sympodial growth. (researchgate.net)

In addition, FALSIFLORA ( FA ), the tomato ortholog LEAFY , controls flowering time and floral meristem identity. (nature.com)
Overcoming such checkpoints enables SAM to transform into floral meristem to produce flowers, and this transformation is induced by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli that generate floral signals. (jabonline.in)
Floral transition is a critical event in the life cycle of a flowering plant as it determines its reproductive success. (biomedcentral.com)
Many developmental processes associated with fruit development occur at the floral meristem (FM). (bvsalud.org)

The shoot system consists of two portions: the vegetative--nonreproductive--parts of the plant, such as the leaves and the stems, and the reproductive parts of the plant, which include flowers and fruits. (texasgateway.org)
Both oat species suffered severe damage during waterlogging: the uptake of nitrogen and the N-concentration of shoots were reduced after 7 days, tiller initiation and root growth after 14 days, and shoot growth after 21 days. (frontiersin.org)
After a seed has germinated, the shoot progresses through a juvenile vegetative phase, an adult vegetative phase and ultimately, when conditions are right, a reproductive phase ( Figure 1 ). (elifesciences.org)
The hst loss-of-function phenotype suggests that this protein regulates the nucleocytoplasmic transport of molecules involved in several different morphogenetic pathways, as well as molecules generally required for root and shoot growth. (silverchair.com)

acrophyll Regular leaves of a mature plant, produced above the base, as opposed to bathyphyll. (wikipedia.org)
As a typical ornamental plant, C. goeringii is characterized by highly specialized reproductive strategies and extremely diversified flowers [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], and commercially plays a very important role in world flower markets, especially in Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia. (biomedcentral.com)
What are the three regions where plant growth occurs? (texasgateway.org)
In contrast, permanent tissue consists of plant cells that are no longer actively dividing. (texasgateway.org)
Lateral meristems facilitate growth in thickness or girth in a maturing plant. (texasgateway.org)
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most abundant nutrients for plant growth. (frontiersin.org)
New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS. (lookformedical.com)

A cis-regulatory element (CRE) analysis suggested that the euAP2 s were involved in the response to light, hormones, stress, and developmental processes including circadian control, endosperm and meristem expression. (biomedcentral.com)
SAM's phase conversion to the reproductive stage is demonstrated by morphological changes accompanied by an alteration in gene expression [ 3 ]. (jabonline.in)
Both groups identified sugar produced by photosynthesis as an endogenous developmental timing cue for the juvenile-to-adult phase transition, with the sugar acting to modulate miR156 expression. (elifesciences.org)
MAIN CONCLUSION: Over-expression of phytoglobin mitigates the degradation of the root apical meristem (RAM) caused by waterlogging through changes in nitric oxide and auxin distribution at the root tip. (bvsalud.org)

When stressed at the onset of embryo production, fewer adult colonies reproduced, but when stressed as adults in the later stages of brooding or producing subsequent bouts of offspring, colonies decreased in size (fragmented) and released fewer larvae compared with unstressed colonies. (edu.au)

The predominant genes encoding this miRNA- MIR156A and MIR156C -are transcribed to produce primary mRNA transcripts (pri-miR156 A/C), which are further processed to generate mature transcripts (miR156). (elifesciences.org)
Age-regulated microRNA156 (miR156) and gibberellins (GAs) interact to control flowering time, but their interplay in subsequent stages of reproductive development is poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)

Reproductive success in angiosperms has remained dependent on the evolution of elaborate mechanisms that guarantee the flowering to occur at a favorable time. (jabonline.in)

Waterlogging is a major abiotic constraint on the growth and development of agricultural crops and occurs in many regions worldwide because of poor drainage and/or excessive rainfall. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, loss of OsPPR9 protein function reduces the editing efficiency of rps8 -C182, rpoC2 -C4106, rps14 -C80, and ndhB -C611 RNA editing sites, which affects chloroplast growth and development in rice. (chinaagrisci.com)
These processes are vital for understanding growth, development, and genetics. (15worksheets.com)
It plays essential role in crop production by stimulating the growth and development. (researchsquare.com)

adventitious Produced in an unpredictable or unusual position, e.g. an adventitious bud produced from a stem rather than from the more typical axil of a leaf. (wikipedia.org)
We integrated recent research on cardinal temperatures for phenology and early leaf growth, spikelet formation, early morning flowering, transpirational cooling, and heat- and cold-induced sterility into an existing to crop growth model ORYZA2000. (plos.org)
Model efficiency was 0.14 with new heat and cold routines and improved to 0.48 when using new cardinal temperatures for phenology and early leaf growth. (plos.org)

[6] In contrast, stem-branches and leaves are exogenous , i.e. , they start to develop from the cortex, an outer layer. (wikimili.com)

Natural regeneration consists of two different reproductive forms: sexual regeneration by seeds, and vegetative regeneration by sprouts. (sisef.it)

Root morphology is divided into four zones: the root cap, the apical meristem , the elongation zone, and the hair. (wikimili.com)

For sympodials, determine the direction of your plant's new growth and place the old growth at the back edge of your pot. (better-gro.com)

While DCL3 produces mainly 24-nt miRNAs, DCL1s produce 21-nt miRNAs (Liu et al. (biomedcentral.com)

They also concluded that regrowth was not related to stage of growth of initial harvest, but rather was dependent on growing conditions. (scirp.org)

They are capable of capturing energy via the green pigment ( chlorophyll ) inside the chloroplast, and using carbon dioxide and water to produce sugars as food and oxygen as by-product. (biologyonline.com)

To expose W. subatra to variable stress, and assess their growth and reproduction, I applied stress (1) at different times within a single life-history stage (early reproductive maturity), (2) that varied in duration at different life-history stages (juvenile, young adult or mature adult), and (3) that differed in duration and frequency for adults at two field locations. (edu.au)

The models, input data and output data are available at http://models.pps.wur.nl/content/oryza2000-rice-crop-growth-simulation-model . (plos.org)
A lot of experimental research has been conducted on heat and cold sterility risks in rice over the past decade which has not yet been incorporated into existing crop growth models. (plos.org)

It endows the species with a mixed sexual and asexual reproduction system in which each individual does not only produce seed but is also able to spread vegetatively by root suckers. (biomedcentral.com)
Consequently, the establishment of local populations including several generations is unlikely due to a lower competitive ability compared to climax tree species (e.g. limited shade tolerance, early declining growth rates). (biomedcentral.com)
We evaluated two hydrogen peroxide products, with varying levels of stabiliser, over a range of peroxide concentrations (10-5000 ppm), in-vitro (petri dishes) seed germination and seedling growth for ten crop species. (researchgate.net)
Not surprising, common desert weed species such as lambsquarters, nettleleaf goosefoot, cheeseweed and purselane can all harbor large thrips densities and serve as reproductive hosts for thrips. (arizona.edu)

Nearly 100% of the transplants produced in early July flowered in the fall, but less than 30% of the August-plugged transplants flowered in the fall. (researchgate.net)
It's never too early to start planning for next produce season. (arizona.edu)

Young adults produced more embryos than mature adults, whilst mature adults produced smaller larvae with greater settlement success than young adults. (edu.au)
Colonies stressed once (cf. multiply) for two weeks, produced smaller larvae with lower settlement success at one field location, whilst similarly sized, yet better settling, larvae at a second field location. (edu.au)

tested 24-h seed pre-treatments with H2O2 with 50 mM being optimal with improved seed germination, seedling vigour and growth in corn, squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Increased germination and seedling growth of peas (Pisum sativum L. 'Alaska') was shown by Barba-Espin et al. (researchgate.net)

Adult colonies at one field location produced fewer larvae when stressed for a shorter period (1, 2 weeks), whilst colonies at a second field location were less likely to release offspring and produced fewer larvae when stressed for longer (2, 3 weeks). (edu.au)

Both natural and artificial regeneration of cork oak frequently encounter numerous difficulties which limit the ecological conditions for cork oak regeneration, including acorn predation, slow growth, vegetative competition, browsing of seedlings, fires, pests and diseases, and summer drought. (sisef.it)
Repair and Regeneration - When cells are damaged due to wear and tear, injuries, or diseases, mitosis produces new cells to replace the old or damaged ones. (15worksheets.com)

Relatively less known are the effects of H2O2 in irrigation water on seed germination, seedling growth and establishment. (researchgate.net)

The growing point (apical meristem) for the developing root is just behind the root cap and this is the zone of new cell formation that facilitates root growth and replaces the cells that are sloughed off as the root grows through the soil. (arizona.edu)

Regulating the flower bud formation process to restore a more equal balance between vegetative and reproductive spurs is one strategy for restoring trees from a biennial bearing habit to consistent cropping. (ashs.org)

Example: _________ produces four non-identical daughter cells, while _________ produces two identical daughter cells. (15worksheets.com)
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. (15worksheets.com)
During mitosis, the cell's nucleus (the control center containing DNA) divides in such a way that each of the two new cells produced has the exact same genetic material as the original cell. (15worksheets.com)
The apical meristem behind the root cap produces new root cells that elongate. (wikimili.com)

observed the first effects of waterlogging on the growth of wheat roots after 48 h. (frontiersin.org)

In addition, it is unclear if the microRNA-mediated mechanism related to root growth complies with a common mechanism in monocots and dicots under N deficiency. (frontiersin.org)
Soak your bare-rooted orchid in this solution for approximately 15 minutes before you repot to help generate new root growth. (better-gro.com)

Waterlogging can have a major impact on mulberry growth and can significantly reduce production. (mdpi.com)

While this expectation has been confirmed by a number of observations [ 2 ], it does not explain the advantages of a mixed reproductive strategy involving clonal reproduction in particular. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms10

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes13

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Arabidopsis6

Axillary meristem2

Structures7

Vegetative phase change2

Inflorescence4

Meristematic3

Organisms5

Plants20

WUSCHEL-CLAVATA1

Inflorescences3

Apex2

Apical dominance3

Individual's1

Terminal1

Lateral root3

Traits1

Sympodial growth1

Floral4

Shoot4

Plant7

Expression4

Size1

MiR1562

Angiosperms1

Development4

Leaf3

Branches1

Seeds1

Zones1

Plant's1

MiRNAs1

Growing conditions1

Sugars1

Stages1

Rice2

Species4

Early2

Success2

Tomato1

Shorter1

Regeneration2

Establishment1

Point1

Flower1

Cells4

Roots1

Root growth2

Waterlogging1

Strategy1