Contrast animals outbred strains. Medical search. Frequent questions

We establish the extent and structure of genotype-by-epigenotype interaction using embryonic stem cells derived from Diversity Outbred mice. (elifesciences.org)

In 1902 Lucien Cuénot published the results of his experiments using mice which showed that Mendel's laws of inheritance were also valid for animals - results that were soon confirmed and extended to other species. (wikipedia.org)
The laboratory is also the world's source for more than 8,000 strains of genetically defined mice and is home of the Mouse Genome Informatics database. (wikipedia.org)
As a general rule, inbred mice tend to have longer gestation periods and smaller litters than outbred and hybrid mice. (wikipedia.org)
In mice, FXGs are found in the olfactory bulb throughout life but in other forebrain regions are only found in juvenile animals during periods of robust experiencedependent circuit refinement. (biorxiv.org)
In contrast, FXGs are found in rats throughout life in both hippocampal and olfactory bulb circuits while recapitulating the developmental downregulation in other forebrain regions seen in mice. (biorxiv.org)
We confirmed this finding with CTCF ChIP-seq that revealed strain-specific binding in the inbred founder mice. (elifesciences.org)
Hence, it was suggested that T. gondii strains virulent for mice might not lead to a similar course of toxoplasmosis in humans. (springer.com)
To analyse the importance in virulence of three of these metalloproteinases, intranasal challenge of MF1 outbred mice was carried out using a range of infecting doses of wild type and knock-out pneumococcal mutant strains, in order to compare mice survival. (biomedcentral.com)
ii) ZmpC, only present in about 25% of pneumococcal strains, has a lower influence on virulence in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice are also easy to breed with a short generation time and a short life span allowing direct study of disease development and can accurately eludicidate how genetic sequences may vary in different strains and result in susceptibility to fibrotic pathologies. (biomedcentral.com)
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis is a common genetic approach that has been used in the past two decades to identify loci involved in differences in fibrotic response between inbred strains of mice [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CD1 outbred female mice were infected by the oral route with coxsackievirus B4 strain E2 or mock-infected at days 4, 10, or 17 of gestation. (mdm2-receptor.com)

The alterations in Sprague-Dawley rats were accompanied by an increase in anxiety-like behavior in those animals as measured with the elevated plus maze. (nature.com)
However, compared to traditional laboratory animals like rats, very little is known about its behavior, either in the wild or in a laboratory setting. (researchgate.net)
At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)
however, diet appeared to preferentially impact SD rats at this time point, as several inflammatory markers (lymph node cellularity, lung neutrophils) were further elevated in HF over Reg animals. (cdc.gov)
In BN rats, resolution of immune alterations was further compromised by HF diet, as many exposure-induced alterations in local/systemic immune markers were still evident in HF/WF animals at 24wk. (cdc.gov)
An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. (lookformedical.com)
Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively. (lookformedical.com)

Given the limited number of animals used in the study, we used permissive criteria and identified 842 differentially expressed genes in En2 -/- cerebellum and 862 in the En2 -/- hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)

In contrast to somatic cells, where catalytically inactive DNMT3B interacts with DNMT3A, forming a heterotetramer, we did not find evidence for the expression of such inactive Dnmt3b isoforms in the oocytes of the tested species. (bvsalud.org)

The emergence of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant Mtb strains and the variable efficacy of the currently used vaccine, M. bovis Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) , are barriers to the global control of TB. (wustl.edu)

Novel cell-based assays were developed to assess antibody-dependence cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies against both vaccine and a representative circulation strain HA and NA proteins for the 2014-15 influenza season. (cdc.gov)
The particular efficiency procedures just like Progression-Free Success (PFS), General Success (OS), and also All round Result Price (ORR) are also contrasted biotic index for different antibodies. (bcl-2inhibitors.com)
All animals tested seronegative for CBPP antibodies using cELISA (IDEXX, Montpellier, France) and complement fixation test (CFT) (CIRAD, Montpellier, France). (biomedcentral.com)

The factors that make animals desirable for outbred colonies are high genome uniqueness and low mean kinship. (nprcresearch.org)
(1) Genome uniqueness is a statistical estimation of the number of alleles an animal possesses which are rare in the colony. (nprcresearch.org)

Pedigree software is used to assess the relationships between animals. (nprcresearch.org)
identification of quantitative trait loci influencing wood specific gravity in an outbred pedigree of loblolly pine. (liverpool.ac.uk)

The gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) is a nocturnal South American marsupial that has been gaining popularity as a laboratory animal. (researchgate.net)
has been gaining popularity as a laboratory animal. (researchgate.net)

Instinctual patterns of activity related to a specific area including ability of certain animals to return to a given place when displaced from it, often over great distances using navigational clues such as those used in migration (ANIMAL MIGRATION). (lookformedical.com)

Together they generated the DBA (Dilute, Brown and non-Agouti) inbred mouse strain and initiated the systematic generation of inbred strains. (wikipedia.org)
We performed a systematic review of the literature describing strain and organ specific response to injury in order to determine whether genetic susceptibility plays a role in fibrogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Because addiction is a multifaceted disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, we hypothesized NE dynamics would vary in these strains after the induction of a physical dependence on morphine. (nature.com)
Since the induction of IL-12 during type II infection was Myd88-dependent, the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immunity against these strains was suggested. (springer.com)

There are hundreds of inbred mouse strains which are used to study specific diseases, including variants for different aspects of a disease. (nprcresearch.org)
In the present collaborative study, popliteal lymph node (PLN) responses to penicillin G (an allergenic chemical), D-penicillamine (an autoimmunity-inducing chemical), and barbital (a negative reference chemical) were investigated in three different mouse strains by ten pharmaceutical companies. (go.jp)
Two inbred mouse strains (BALB/c and A/J) and one outbred strain (ICR) were subcutaneously injected with saline solutions containing penicillin G (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/mouse), D-penicillamine (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mouse), or barbital (2 mg/mouse) into one hind footpad and saline only was injected into the contralateral footpad. (go.jp)
Despite the limited number of animals used in the study, our bioinformatic analysis indicates the En2 -/- mouse is a valuable tool for investigating molecular alterations related to ASD. (biomedcentral.com)
There is mounting evidence suggesting that inbred mouse strains with different genetic backgrounds demonstrate variable susceptibility to a fibrotic injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Data were collected from studies that were deemed eligible for analysis based on set inclusion criteria, and findings were assessed in relation to strain of mouse, type of injury and organ of investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
A total of 44 studies were included covering 21 mouse strains and focusing on fibrosis in the lung, liver, kidney, intestine and heart. (biomedcentral.com)
There is evidence that mouse strain differences influence susceptibility to fibrosis and this appears to be organ specific. (biomedcentral.com)
Few studies have assessed the effect of the same injury stimulus in different organ systems using the same strains of mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
Such mouse strain studies may prove useful in elucidating the genetic as well as epigenetic factors in humans that could help determine why some people are more susceptible to the development of certain organ specific fibrosis than others. (biomedcentral.com)
Quantitative trait loci analysis can be time consuming and can only analyse two different mouse strains at a time. (biomedcentral.com)
To accomplish our aim, we will use different Mtb -infected mouse strains lacking particular B cell subsets or functions, and characterize their response to Mtb infection. (wustl.edu)

new strains will also rewind severe in your download of the resources you are outbred. (dali-art.de)
In humans, type I and atypical strains usually associate with severe toxoplasmosis. (springer.com)
T. gondii type II strains, identified predominantly in the populations of some European countries and the United States, were reported to generate congenital toxoplasmosis, including lethal infection, severe neuro-ocular involvement, isolated chorioretinitis, and/or latent toxoplasmosis [ 7 ]. (springer.com)

Selecting for such animals could strongly improve the welfare of kenneled dog populations. (frontiersin.org)

Our own recent survey of presence of ZmpC in clinical isolates showed that the zmp C gene is present in 26% of strains and that its presence is linked to isolates from pneumonia [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Animal models in multiple species have confirmed that early life represents a critical window of phenotypic plasticity, highly responsive to maternal behaviour, stress, metabolism and nutrition (reviewed by [1] ). (prolekarniky.cz)
Changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications at putative regulatory regions correlating with the altered expression of genes implicated in phenotypic development have been observed in a number of animal models of early life compromise [3] - [8] . (prolekarniky.cz)

In contrast, infiltrating neutrophils producing proinflammatory molecules are characteristic of non-protective granulomas during PTB. (wustl.edu)

For L. loa studies in hamsters, isolated mf were injected intraperitoneally and animal organs were examined on day 26 for mf. (biomedcentral.com)

Alterations in immune response to particular T. gondii strains were observed. (springer.com)

In contrast, studies regarding the influence of dose on the protective response, which allow the optimisation of the number of live parasites inoculated per animal, could provide results that prove valuable to cost-efficient industrial production. (biomedcentral.com)

This strain infected ferrets, a human influenza model species, and could be transmitted by direct contact and, less efficiently, by airborne exposure. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have pandemic potential and remain a threat to human and animal health, mainly owing to their intrinsic ability to continually diversify and infect a broad range of host species. (cdc.gov)
In contrast, FXGs in hippocampal mossy fibers showed an increase in abundance across development for most species except for guinea pigs and members of the Mus genus, animals that navigate particularly small home ranges in the wild. (biorxiv.org)
Competing causes of mortali- or all of the animal species tested genetic variation, health status, life ty may prevent the development of experimentally. (who.int)

In comparison with the limitations of B-mode ultrasound, we document the value of measurement of vascular perfusion kinetics using contrast-enhanced ultrasound and demonstrate how perfusion kinetics differ between benign and malignant prostatic disease. (mdm2-receptor.com)

One instance seems to be the evolution of the Caucasian strain of homo sapiens, which can tolerate ethanol and digest milk into adulthood, thus favoring long sea voyages (beer and wine don't spoil or support parasites that survive in barrels of fresh water) and life in northern Europe (getting winter fat and protein from cattle). (thenakedscientists.com)

Higher transcription levels of IP-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 cytokines, and NF-κB translocation to the nucleus were more often documented for type II strains than type I strains. (springer.com)

Due to the exclusivity of language to humans, no single animal model is sufficient to study the complete behavioral effects of these genes. (comparative-cognition-and-behavior-reviews.org)
Here we utilized this specific STA-9090 inhibitor repository along with information about biological deviation in muscle tissue adaptation in order to aerobic strength trained in both humans plus a book out-bred animal product to examine the opportunity regulatory molecules in which synchronize this kind of complex circle associated with family genes. (casr-signal.com)
in contrast to simple family structures reported for a variety of angiosperm nsltp genes, the putative pine nsltp gene is a member of a complex family. (liverpool.ac.uk)

However, both animals were not permissive to L. loa mf even by day 15. (biomedcentral.com)

Seroconversion confirmed successful infection and the spectrum of clinical and lesions observed mirrors epidemiological models and the field situation, in which only a fraction of animals suffers from acute clinical disease post infection. (biomedcentral.com)

One animal did not show any lung lesions at necropsy, while another animal had to be euthanized at 25 days post infection because it reached endpoint criteria. (biomedcentral.com)

The skin, and especially the earlobes of the animals were examined for mf 15-31 days after infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Efficacious small animal models in onchocerciasis for in vivo screens and preclinical studies, capable of closely mimicking the natural infection in humans are an urgent, unmet need. (biomedcentral.com)
All animals seroconverted between 11-24 days post infection and five out of six animals showed typical CBPP lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
Alternatively, in contact transmission has been used to infect cattle, which resembles the natural infection best, but requires donor animals and overall large animal numbers. (biomedcentral.com)
Two weeks prior to the experimental infection, the cattle were transferred to an animal biosafety level two facility (ABSL-2), where they were kept in one room (25 m 2 ) with the ability to move freely and having access to food and water ad libitum. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, genotype II causes non-fatal infection with much less tachyzoite dissemination [ 7 ]. (springer.com)

One means for addressing this issue is examining animals with divergent behavioral phenotypes in appropriate neuronal structures. (nature.com)

This is in contrast to many research rodent colonies, where inbreeding is used to maintain animal models which are essentially identical to each other. (nprcresearch.org)

We conclude that studies on TLR contributions in the maternal-fetal transmission of particular parasite strains and congenital toxoplasmosis are warranted. (springer.com)

This study reveals the Syrian hamster as an appropriate small animal model for screening of novel compounds against O. ochengi , the closest known relative of O. volvulus . (biomedcentral.com)

Animals that are new to the colony ("founder" animals) are considered to have unique alleles, and in each generation some alleles are lost, depending on the number of offspring. (nprcresearch.org)

Type II strains, predominantly identified in European countries and the United States, correlate with a differential course of toxoplasmosis. (springer.com)

The Wolbachia strain w Mel was recently found to increase locomotor activities and possibly trigger cytoplasmic incompatibility in the transinfected fly Drosophila nigrosparsa . (nature.com)
When we examined the number of bouts greater than 30 and 60 s in duration, we found a significant difference between the light and dark sides in all light contrast conditions. (researchgate.net)

Mean kinship is a statistical measure of how related animals are to each other in the colony. (nprcresearch.org)
mycoides strain Afadé over seven consecutive days with altogether 10 9 colony forming units. (biomedcentral.com)

Many diseases are transmitted through sexual activity and/or the exchange of body fluids, but animals with low reproductive rates tend to mate for life and/or fight (including competitive display) for the privilege of copulation, thus ensuring that STDs are restricted and the fittest get to reproduce more frequently. (thenakedscientists.com)

The use of antibiotics grown promoter has been banned, due led problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance. (preprints.org)

There are hundreds of established inbred, outbred, and transgenic strains. (wikipedia.org)

In vitro, CM from HUVECs drastically greater order LDE225 the proliferation of MHCC97H cells, and induced increased expression of MMP2, MMP9, OPN, and CD44 in contrast with the manage medium. (fak-signal.com)

In this approach, two inbred strains that differ in fibrotic response are crossed and the F1 offspring are either mated together (intercross) or to one of the parental strains (backcross). (biomedcentral.com)
The observable response an animal makes to any situation. (lookformedical.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms67

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes73

Disciplines and Occupations7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care13

Geographicals3

Diversity Outbred1

Mice12

Rats7

Differentially1

Somatic1

Extensively1

Antibodies3

Genome2

Pedigree2

Laboratory2

Migration1

Systematic2

Induction2

Mouse12

Severe3

Populations1

Isolates1

Phenotypic2

Neutrophils1

Organs1

Alterations1

Prove1

Species4

Demonstrate1

Parasites1

Transcription1

Genes3

Permissive1

Clinical1

Lung1

Infection6

Behavioral1

Models1

Studies1

Study1

Founder1

Type1

Found2

Colony2

Tend1

Resistance1

Hundreds1

Order1

Response2