Contraction of smooth muscle muscle contraction. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, whether AELL has a similar relaxant role on airway smooth muscle (ASM) remains unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Airway smooth muscle (ASM), a particular cell type in the airway system, plays a vital role in airway obstruction during asthma and COPD. (biomedcentral.com)
Through the regulation of signal pathways related to G protein-coupled receptors, the reduction of intracellular calcium, and the subsequent opening of VDCC/NSCC, airway smooth muscle tone could be relaxed [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In 1994, it was found that mechanical properties of airway smooth muscle (ASM) preparations from healthy and asthmatic patients differed significantly. (nextgenrnd.com)
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), RhoA/Rho-kinase and Src-family kinases (SrcFK) have independently been implicated in airway hyper-responsiveness, but how they interact in order to regulate airway smooth muscle contractility is not fully understood. (kcl.ac.uk)
In cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (hASMC), TGF-β pre-treatment enhanced the protein expression of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF1, MLC20, MYPT-1 and the actin-severing protein cofilin, but not of RhoA, ROCK2 or c-Src. (kcl.ac.uk)
Our data indicate that TGF-β enhances BK-induced contraction, RhoA translocation and Rho-kinase activity in airway smooth muscle largely via ARHGEF1, but independently of SrcFK and total RhoA-GTP content. (kcl.ac.uk)
The authors suggest that water soluble extracts from the paper recycling industry cause airway smooth muscle constriction via mediator release. (cdc.gov)
It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). (bvsalud.org)

Introduction: Prostate smooth muscle contraction is promoted by receptor-induced activation of intracellular signaling pathways. (uni-muenchen.de)
The presumed involvement in etiology and medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) imparts a high clinical relevance to prostate smooth muscle contraction, which is contrasted by incomplete understanding at the molecular level. (uni-muenchen.de)
Conclusions: GF109203X and Go6983 inhibit neurogenic, alpha(1)-adrenergic, and thromboxane A(2)-induced smooth muscle contractions in the human prostate, suggesting a role of PKC for human prostate smooth muscle contraction. (uni-muenchen.de)

Furthermore, AELL-induced smooth muscle relaxation was partially mediated by blocking voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels (VDCC) and non-selective cation channels (NSCC). (biomedcentral.com)
It was further suggested that due to the above pathology, the ASM contraction might occur faster rather than stronger and its relaxation might be impaired 5 . (nextgenrnd.com)
In intact fura-2 loaded strips the application of 3 μM Y-27632, a ROCK inhibitor, or 3 μM bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X), a protein kinase C inhibitor, during the sustained phase of contraction induced by 1 μM CCh induced relaxation without changing [Ca 2+ ] i . (elsevierpure.com)
In α-toxin permeabilized strips the application of 3 μM Y-27632 or 3 μM GF109203X during the sustained contraction induced by 0.3 μM Ca 2+ plus 10 μM guanosine triphosphate and 1 μM CCh induced relaxation at constant [Ca 2+ ] i . (elsevierpure.com)
Induction of prostate smooth muscle relaxation is an important goal for the medical treatment of voiding symptoms. (arccjournals.com)
The PMC coordinates the urethral sphincter relaxation and detrusor contraction to facilitate urination. (medscape.com)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine are the immediate substrates for processes involved in muscle contraction and relaxation, Ca2+ handling, and phosphorylation. (jefferson.edu)
Contraction and relaxation of the circular muscles decrease and increase the diameter of the vessel lumen, respectively. (onteenstoday.com)
During contraction, the vasculature within the muscle is compressed, resulting in a lower arterial inflow with inflow increased upon relaxation. (onteenstoday.com)
Oxybutynin causes direct smooth muscle relaxation of the urinary bladder and has local anesthetic properties. (medscape.com)

4-Amino-5-chloro-substituted benzamides have been shown to increase gastric motility in-vivo and enhance field-stimulated and peristaltic contractions in-vitro. (nih.gov)
Two types of motor activity have been recognized: segmenting contractions and peristaltic contractions. (britannica.com)

In our study, FE extract inhibited the neurogenic contractions induced by EFS on isolated rat anterior prostate tissue. (arccjournals.com)

However, the association of adiponectin with bladder contraction has not been investigated. (aspetjournals.org)
Anticholinergic agents inhibit the binding of acetylcholine to the cholinergic receptor, thereby suppressing involuntary bladder contraction of any etiology. (medscape.com)
In addition, they increase the urine volume at which first involuntary bladder contraction occurs, decrease the amplitude of the involuntary bladder contraction, and may increase bladder capacity. (medscape.com)

Conclusions: MLCK and its phosphorylation of RLC are required physiologically for smooth muscle contraction and are essential for normal gastrointestinal motility. (elsevierpure.com)
A characteristic of small intestine motility is the inherent ability of the smooth muscle constituting the wall of the intestine to contract spontaneously and rhythmically. (britannica.com)

A voluntary skeletal muscle contraction begins in the brain as a conscious effort from the frontal lobe to the primary motor cortex, before activating, an alpha motor neuron located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. (jove.com)
This prevents transmission of electrical signals between the motor neuron and muscle fiber and impairs skeletal muscle contraction. (jove.com)
The skeletal muscles of the legs are particularly important skeletal muscle pumps as they prevent pooling of the blood in the feet and calves due to gravity. (onteenstoday.com)
Skeletal Muscle Pump: During contraction of the skeletal muscle the vein is compressed which increases blood pressure. (onteenstoday.com)

Alkaloids extracted from lotus leaves (AELL) can relax vascular smooth muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
Myogenic theory: Myogenic regulation is intrinsic to the vascular smooth muscle. (onteenstoday.com)
When there is an increase in perfusion, the vascular smooth muscle stretches, causing it to constrict the artery. (onteenstoday.com)
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are an important component of blood vessels. (onteenstoday.com)

Unlike skeletal muscles, smooth muscles present in the walls of internal organs are innervated by the autonomic nervous system and undergo involuntary contractions. (jove.com)
Can you strengthen involuntary muscles? (onteenstoday.com)

A parameter of Ca 2+ sensitivity, the relation between intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and contraction, was increased in the Adip-Sen mouse, compared with that in the C57B1 mouse. (aspetjournals.org)
ROS may induce intracellular calcium increase and subsequent contraction of PASMCs via direct or indirect interactions with protein kinases, phospholipases, sarcoplasmic calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-dependent potassium channels and L-type calcium channels, whose relevance may vary under different experimental conditions. (ersjournals.com)

Link to all annotated objects annotated to regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. (planteome.org)
Activation of particular VGCCs allows a Ca2+ influx into the cell, which, depending on the cell type, results in activation of calcium-sensitive potassium channels, muscular contraction, excitation of neurons, up-regulation of gene expression, or release of hormones or neurotransmitters. (wikipedia.org)
channels are expressed in the pregnant rat myometrium and may play a key role for the regulation of the frequency of spontaneous phasic contractions. (kyobobook.co.kr)

The signal continues down a nerve to the specific muscle fiber such as those found in the biceps, where the action potentials terminate at the motor end plate. (jove.com)
In skeletal muscles, acetylcholine is released by nerve terminals at the motor end plate-the point of synaptic communication between motor neurons and muscle fibers. (jove.com)
In the myenteric plexus (a network of nerve fibres in the wall of the intestine), there are several other messenger substances and receptors capable of modulating smooth muscle activity, including somatostatin , serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), and the enkephalins. (britannica.com)
Gastroparesis occurs when the vagus nerve is damaged and the muscles of the stomach and intestines do not work normally. (healthyplace.com)

This release of calcium initiates actin-myosin crossbridge activity and the observation of the muscle shortening and contracting. (jove.com)

Attractive forces between myosin and actin cause contraction in smooth muscles. (mwaqar.com)
Blebbing, apoptotic body formation and protein release during early apoptosis are dependent on ROCK and myosin ATPase activity to drive actomyosin contraction. (nature.com)
Identified cell signaling networks have defined many potential mechanisms for initiating smooth muscle contraction with or without myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). (elsevierpure.com)
It is well known that smooth-muscle contraction is regulated by the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and by the Ca2+ sensitivity of myofilaments: the former activates myosin light-chain kinase, and the latter is achieved partly by the inhibition of myosin phosphatase. (jefferson.edu)
The cellular activity of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) determines the agonist-induced force development in smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)

The effects of verapamil on acetylcholine and field stimulation induced contraction were studied in the isolated ileum of newborn, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 day old guinea-pigs. (nih.gov)
As the chyme moves from the duodenum to the ileum, there is a gradual decrease in the number of segmenting contractions . (britannica.com)

channel in the spontaneous phasic contractions of the rat myometrium. (kyobobook.co.kr)
We generated tamoxifen-inducible and smooth muscle-specific MLCK knockout (KO) mice and provide direct loss-of-function evidence that shows the primary importance of MLCK in phasic smooth muscle contractions. (elsevierpure.com)

A frequency of 50 Hz showed initial inhibition, i.e., the second stimulus inhibited the contraction to the first stimulus. (jci.org)
c) the occurrence of contractions only at the onset and the end of a long train stimulus may be due to the influence of initial inhibition and refractoriness. (jci.org)

These electrical changes are propagated in the longitudinal muscle layer of the wall of the small intestine. (britannica.com)
The two spiral muscle layers then contract, causing the motor activity that permits the mixing and transporting of the food in the small intestine. (britannica.com)
The contractions of the small intestine create pressure gradients from one adjacent segment of the organ to another. (britannica.com)
The predominant motor action of the small intestine is the segmenting contraction, which is a localized circumferential contraction, principally of the circular muscle of the intestinal wall. (britannica.com)
Although segmenting contractions usually occur in an irregular manner, they can occur in a regular or rhythmic pattern and at a maximum rate for that particular site of the small intestine (rhythmic segmentation). (britannica.com)
Rhythmic segmentation may occur only in a localized segment of small intestine, or it may occur in a progressive manner, with each subsequent segmenting contraction occurring slightly below the preceding one (progressive segmentation). (britannica.com)

AELL, which plays a relaxant role in ASM, might be a new complementary treatment to treat abnormal contractions of the trachea and asthma. (biomedcentral.com)

Contractions were induced by electric field stimulation (EFS), alpha(1)-adrenergic agonists (noradrenaline, phenylephrine, methoxamine), thromboxane A(2) analog U46619, endothelin-1, or calcium chloride in an organ bath. (uni-muenchen.de)
After depolarization in calcium-free solution, calcium chloride-induced concentration-dependent contractions, which were inhibited by GF109203X and Go6983. (uni-muenchen.de)
As a result, the sarcolemma becomes more permeable to sodium ions, resulting in more action potentials that spread along its external surface and into the interior of the muscle fiber through transverse or T-tubules, which triggers the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myofibrils. (jove.com)
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), also known as voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells (e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the calcium ion Ca2+. (wikipedia.org)
The contractions of the circular and longitudinal muscles are regulated by electrical impulses that begin with the passage of calcium ions into the muscle cell . (britannica.com)
Both calcium- and Ca2+ sensitization- mediated contraction plays role in G-protein signaling during smooth-muscle contraction. (jefferson.edu)

ATP causes smooth muscle contractions in rat and guinea pig prostates by activation of purinergic receptors. (arccjournals.com)
Dose response relationships between PDEs and contraction of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle were established. (cdc.gov)

Results: In intact fura-2 loaded strips 1 μM carbachol (CCh) induced a greater contraction and a lower [Ca 2+ ] i elevation than that induced by 60 mM K + depolarization. (elsevierpure.com)
Although carbachol (CCh)-induced (0.1-100 µ M) time- and dose-dependent contractions in Adip-Sen mouse bladder were slightly enhanced, compared with those in the C57Bl mouse during a low range (0.3-1.0 µ M) of CCh, differences could not be detected with other CCh concentrations. (aspetjournals.org)
Electrical field-stimulated (EFS) and carbachol-induced contractions were measured. (lu.se)

Here, we examined the effects of the PKC inhibitors Go6983 and GF109203x on contractions of human prostate tissues. (uni-muenchen.de)
The depolarization of the muscle cell membranes, or an excess of positive charges on the inside of the cell, causes the myofibrils (the contracting components of the myofilaments that constitute the muscle tissues) to contract. (britannica.com)
Isometric force development in bladder smooth muscle tissues were detected using an organ-bath system. (aspetjournals.org)
IHC-P: Human cardiac muscle and spleen tissues. (abcam.com)

This study assessed the time course of changes to detrusor autonomic innervation, smooth muscle (SM) content and cholinergic-mediated contraction post-BPNI. (lu.se)

Involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) has been commonly assumed, but available studies were limited to nonhuman prostate smooth muscle or cell cultures. (uni-muenchen.de)
Conclusions: These results indicate that in human UBSM CCh induces contraction, not only by increasing [Ca 2+ ] i , but also by increasing the Ca 2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in a ROCK and protein kinase C dependent manner. (elsevierpure.com)
Dying cells have been defined as apoptotic by distinguishing features, including cell contraction, nuclear fragmentation, blebbing, apoptotic body formation and maintenance of intact cellular membranes to prevent massive protein release and consequent inflammation. (nature.com)
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) mediated signaling smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)
Altered contractile-protein expression and increased smooth-muscle cell (SMC) proliferation are characteristics of various disease conditions including hypertension, asthma, and intestine and bladder pathologies. (jefferson.edu)
Mitochondria and smooth muscle contraction: Role of desmin cytoskeleton protein. (jefferson.edu)

Muscle contractions help mix and churn the food. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Segmenting contractions mix, separate, and churn the intestinal chyme . (britannica.com)

My long term goal of this project is to elucidate our understanding of the mechanism by which desmin and vimentin induces mitochondrial and muscle dysfunction under pathological conditions in smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)

In patients with stress incontinence, alpha agonist treatment results in contraction of the internal urethral sphincter and increases the urethral resistance to urinary flow. (medscape.com)

A long train stimulus produced an initial, a terminal, or both contractions depending on the stimulation value. (jci.org)
Subsequently, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine to prevent excessive muscle stimulation. (jove.com)
Verapamil inhibits the contraction evoked by acetylcholine or by field stimulation, being more affected the response to acetylcholine than to field stimulation. (nih.gov)
These events help to explain why the initial phase of toxicity is manifested by over-stimulation (characterized by myoclonic jerks, fasciculations and muscle spasms) followed by weakness progressing to paralysis. (cdc.gov)

There, the motor neuron establishes synaptic contact with the muscle fiber and triggers the release of the neuro transmitter acetylcholine, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors. (jove.com)
Binding of acetylcholine to its receptors on the sarcolemma allows entry of sodium ions into the cell and triggers an action potential in the muscle cell. (jove.com)
Metoclopramide has been reported to sensitize postjunctional muscarinic receptors, however, ML-1035 did not enhance acetylcholine-induced contractions. (nih.gov)
However, prostatic smooth muscle contraction is mediated by numerous other receptor systems, such as acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors or ATP acting on purinoceptors. (arccjournals.com)

Contractions in the esophagus were evoked by electrical stimuli of 2.5 mA, and 1-ms pulse duration applied to the cervical vagi, at various train durations and frequencies. (jci.org)
It starts in the esophagus where strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle move balls of swallowed food to the stomach. (medlineplus.gov)

The ability of ASM cells (ASMs), i.e. , bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs), to secrete battery of cytokines prompts that the local and also systemic (in both autocrine and paracrine fashion) airway inflammation can be achieved without inflammatory cells. (nextgenrnd.com)
In addition to maintenance of membrane integrity, apoptotic cells can be discriminated from viable counterparts based on several morphological hallmarks, including cell contraction, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and actomyosin contraction-dependent membrane blebbing and apoptotic body formation. (nature.com)
Muscular arteries contain more smooth muscle cells in the tunica media layer than the elastic arteries. (onteenstoday.com)
The oxygen sensing and signal transduction machinery is located in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the pre-capillary vessels, albeit the physiological response may be modulated in vivo by the endothelium. (ersjournals.com)

When the bladder becomes full, the stretch receptors of the detrusor muscle send a signal to the pons, which in turn notifies the brain. (medscape.com)
Guyton and Hall 2006) (See Figure 6 below) ( Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by muscarinic receptors, which are different and will be discussed later. (cdc.gov)

Smooth muscle fibers make up the walls of muscular arteries. (onteenstoday.com)

Endothelin-1-induced contractions were not inhibited by GF109203X, and to neglectable extent by Go6983. (uni-muenchen.de)

Purpose: The role of Ca 2+ sensitization in the contraction of human bladder urinary smooth muscle (UBSM) was investigated. (elsevierpure.com)
Smooth muscle contraction and enlargement of the prostate are important targets for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. (arccjournals.com)

A peristaltic contraction may be defined as an advancing ring, or wave, of contraction that passes along a segment of the gastrointestinal tract . (britannica.com)
This refers to the contraction of the smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. (medlineplus.gov)

A-The orad portion of the stomach (*) had a focal 2 × 1 × 0.8-cm multinodular, smooth, firm, pale-tan mass, and disseminated throughout the liver (†) were numerous multifocal to coalescing, firm, pale-tan, round to irregularly oval, discrete, 0.2- to 1.8-cm-diameter masses. (avma.org)

Studies were performed in anesthetized opossums to investigate the influence of successive vagal stimuli on esophageal contractions. (jci.org)
Paired stimuli at an ISI of less than or equal to 3 s and at a frequency of less than or equal to 10 Hz showed refractoriness, i.e., the contractions to the first stimulus inhibited the contraction to the second stimulus. (jci.org)
Repetitive stimuli applied at a rate of 8/min (ISI 6.5 s) evoked contractions to each stimulus. (jci.org)
The intervening stimuli did not evoke any contractions. (jci.org)

channels were expressed in longitudinal muscle layer of rat myometrium. (kyobobook.co.kr)

The contraction involves only a short segment of the intestinal wall, less than 1 to 2 cm (about 1 inch), and constricts the lumen, tending to divide its contents. (britannica.com)
In conclusion, adiponectin is associated with bladder smooth muscle contraction, which involves an increase in Ca 2+ dependency of contraction mediated by PKC α expression. (aspetjournals.org)

The relaxed cell is long and narrow with smooth cytoplasmic and nuclear contours. (rupress.org)

Isolated muscles showed a loss of RLC phosphorylation and force development induced by K + -depolarization. (elsevierpure.com)

This type of electrical activity originates in the circular muscle layer of the intestinal wall and occurs when the circular layer contracts to form a segmenting contraction. (britannica.com)

Due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, a significant increase in ASM mass is observed in asthmatic airway wall, whereas the muscle is thought not to be stronger 2-4 . (nextgenrnd.com)
A role for smooth muscle ARHGEF1 in asthmatic airway hyper-responsiveness is worthy of further investigation. (kcl.ac.uk)

The myofilaments form a network of oriented bundles during contraction. (rupress.org)

As contraction progresses, the cell becomes ellipsoid and its borders exhibit invaginations at the points of myofilamentous attachment to the plasma membrane and vesicle-containing projections of the intervening membrane. (rupress.org)
The rate of these contractions is governed by the rate of depolarization of the muscle cell membrane . (britannica.com)

For patients with pulmonary impairment, disability can be due to muscle dysfunction, primary skeletal or cardiopulmonary pathology, poor endurance, or some combination of impairments. (medscape.com)

We identified 231 proteins released from actomyosin contraction-dependent blebs and apoptotic bodies by adapted SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) combined with mass spectrometry analysis. (nature.com)
The second major area of investigation is to understand the role of cytoskeleton proteins, desmin and vimentin in smooth muscle contraction and mitochondrial respiration. (jefferson.edu)

Blood vessels have a muscle layer that is able to relax or contract. (onteenstoday.com)

To monitor and to measure contraction (compression) of ASM spheroid, it is required to embed a specialized compressible microsphere into the ASM spheroid core. (nextgenrnd.com)
When contraction of a leg muscle leads to compression of a vein? (onteenstoday.com)

When we need to increase our blood pressure, the muscle layer contracts and makes the blood vessel diameter smaller. (onteenstoday.com)

These dense areas increase in length and number during contraction. (rupress.org)

Blood flow within muscles fluctuates as they contract and relax. (onteenstoday.com)

Results: Targeted deletion of MLCK in adult mouse smooth muscle resulted in severe gut dysmotility characterized by weak peristalsis, dilation of the digestive tract, and reduction of feces excretion and food intake. (elsevierpure.com)
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. (medlineplus.gov)

Helps Control Activity Of The Heart Muscle. (recombu.com)

Specifically in arteries, vasoconstriction decreases blood flow as the smooth muscle in the walls of the tunica media contracts, making the lumen narrower and increasing blood pressure. (onteenstoday.com)
Arteries have a great deal more smooth muscle within their walls than veins, thus their greater wall thickness. (onteenstoday.com)

Anatomy73

Organisms16

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs87

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Airway smooth muscle9

Prostate smooth muscle contraction3

Relaxation10

Peristaltic contractions2

Neurogenic1

Bladder contraction3

Motility2

Skeletal muscle4

Vascular smooth4

Involuntary2

Intracellular2

Regulation3

Nerve4

Actin-myosin1

Myosin5

Ileum2

Phasic2

Inhibition2

Small intestine6

Abnormal1

Calcium6

Guinea-pig2

Carbachol3

Tissues4

Innervation1

Protein6

Churn2

Induces1

Urethral1

Stimulation4

Acetylcholine4

Esophagus2

Cells4

Receptors2

Fibers1

GF109203X1

Urinary2

Gastrointestinal tract2

Stomach1

Stimuli4

Longitudinal muscle layer1

Involves2

Nuclear1

Phosphorylation1

Circular1

Asthmatic airway2

Bundles1

Membrane2

Pathology1

Proteins2

Blood vessels1

Compression2

Layer contracts1

Increase1

Relax1

Peristalsis2

Activity1

Walls2