AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
SarcomeresMuscle ContractionMyofibrilsConnectinIsometric ContractionMuscle ProteinsPsoas MusclesMusclesMuscle, SkeletalActininMyocardial ContractionMuscle, StriatedMuscle Fibers, SkeletalIsotonic ContractionMyosinsTropomodulinMyocardiumActin CytoskeletonMicroscopy, ElectronUterine ContractionRabbitsBiomechanical PhenomenaRana temporariaCalciumMuscle DevelopmentElasticityMyocytes, CardiacActinsHeartStress, MechanicalTropomyosinDesminAnuraElectric StimulationProtein KinasesMuscle RelaxationMuscle, SmoothMicromanipulationTime FactorsMuscular DiseasesMyosin Heavy ChainsCells, CulturedMuscle SpindlesFlight, AnimalMuscle CellsModels, BiologicalImmobilizationLIM Domain ProteinsMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronSarcolemmaStress FibersMicroscopyMicroscopy, Phase-ContrastNeedlesSarcoplasmic ReticulumBiophysical PhenomenaMicrofilament ProteinsMicroscopy, FluorescenceVasoconstrictionHeart VentriclesLasersBiophysicsRats, WistarProtein IsoformsFluorescent Antibody TechniqueGuinea PigsRats, Sprague-DawleyCytoskeletonAnimals, NewbornChickensMuscle, Smooth, VascularChick EmbryoMuscle FatigueMicroscopy, ConfocalElectromyography
FilamentsTitinProteinsResponsible for muscle contractionProteinCardiac muscleMyofibrilsShortensMusclesShortenGenesMyofilamentsUterine contractionMutationsFunctionalContractileIsometricImpairsRelaxationStructuralExcitationCalciumThin filamentTwitchStretchMolecularGeneMechanicalLengthsStructuresMoleculesStimulatesMotor neuronTroponinMuscle cellsBiologyStabilityBasicLengthForceUnitsConsistsFoundTissueRelax
Filaments20
  • Sarcomeres are composed of long, fibrous proteins as filaments that slide past each other when a muscle contracts or relaxes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The relationship between the proteins and the regions of the sarcomere are as follows: Actin filaments, the thin filaments, are the major component of the I-band and extend into the A-band. (wikipedia.org)
  • The giant protein titin (connectin) extends from the Z-line of the sarcomere, where it binds to the thick filament (myosin) system, to the M-band, where it is thought to interact with the thick filaments. (wikipedia.org)
  • The interaction between actin and myosin filaments in the A-band of the sarcomere is responsible for the muscle contraction (based on the sliding filament model). (wikipedia.org)
  • Each sarcomere consists of thick filaments of myosin, shown in purple, and thin filaments of actin, shown in orange. (pearson.com)
  • A sarcomere contracts when its actin filaments slide past its myosin filaments. (pearson.com)
  • Contraction shortens the sarcomere but does not change the length of the actin or myosin filaments. (pearson.com)
  • The myosin filaments have heads that bind and pull actin repeatedly, shortening the sarcomere. (pearson.com)
  • contra-ction - shortening of the muscles cross bridges - the head of a myosin molecule that projects from a myosin filament in muscle and in the sliding filament of muscle contra-ction is held to attach tempor-arily to an adjacent actin filament and draw it into the A band of a sarcomere between the myosin filaments. (cheatography.com)
  • Recent in vitro experiments have highlighted the functional significance of its N-terminal region (NcMyBP-C) for heart muscle contraction, reporting regulatory interactions with both thick and thin filaments. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • To better understand the interactions of cMyBP-C in its native sarcomere environment, in situ Foerster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging (FRET-FLIM) assays were developed to determine the spatial relationship between the NcMyBP-C and the thick and thin filaments in isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs). (kcl.ac.uk)
  • These filaments are responsible for muscle contraction. (golifescience.com)
  • They contain the actin and myosin filaments and are responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle. (golifescience.com)
  • Actin and myosin are protein filaments that are found within the sarcomeres of muscle. (golifescience.com)
  • The sarcomeres contain protein filaments called actin and myosin, which are responsible for muscle contraction. (golifescience.com)
  • These filaments have the ability to shorten the length of the sarcomere when they pull and contract against each other. (spotmebro.com)
  • Sarcomeres are made up of not just filaments, but fluid and various types of cells too. (spotmebro.com)
  • This refers to direct changes to the filaments within each sarcomere, due to mechanical forces on muscle tissue itself. (spotmebro.com)
  • The sarcomere the contractile device of your myocardial cells consist of myosin, troponin, tropomysin and actin filaments. (casasantalucia.it)
  • Contraction and relaxing on the cardiac muscle mass is proven from the sliding filament type of contraction (below) in which myosin filaments slide together actin filaments to extend or shorten the cardiac fibres. (casasantalucia.it)
Titin10
  • The TTN gene provides instructions for making a protein called titin, which is found in the sarcomeres of many types of muscle cells, including cardiomyocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Titin provides structure, flexibility, and stability to sarcomeres. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Titin also plays a role in chemical signaling and in assembling new sarcomeres. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Within muscle cells, titin is an essential component of structures called sarcomeres. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Titin has several functions within sarcomeres. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Titin interacts with other muscle proteins, including actin and myosin, to keep the components of sarcomeres in place as muscles contract and relax. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is unclear how TTN gene variants cause centronuclear myopathy, but it is likely that a shortage of normal titin protein leads to dysfunction of the sarcomere. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Due to the elastic I-band domains and the filament-like integration in the half-sarcomere titin is an important factor for sarcomere assembly and serves as an adaptable molecular spring that determines myofilament distensibility. (frontiersin.org)
  • The backbone of the sarcomere is composed of three filament systems: the myosin-based thick filament, the actin-based thin filament, supplemented with the regulatory protein tropomyosin and the troponin complex, and the titin filament. (frontiersin.org)
  • Titin is a giant protein that spans a half-sarcomere from the Z-disc to the M-line. (frontiersin.org)
Proteins10
  • It provides binding sites for numerous proteins and is thought to play an important role as sarcomeric ruler and as blueprint for the assembly of the sarcomere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several proteins important for the stability of the sarcomeric structure are found in the Z-line as well as in the M-band of the sarcomere. (wikipedia.org)
  • These proteins slide past each other during muscle contraction, causing the muscle to shorten and generate force. (proprofs.com)
  • Myosin molecules and actin molecules are individual proteins that make up the sarcomeres and myofibrils, respectively, but they are not the correct answer either as they do not represent the entire structure formed by the basic units of contraction. (proprofs.com)
  • These Ca++ ions bind to proteins within the muscle cell, leading to a series of biochemical reactions that ultimately result in muscle contraction. (proprofs.com)
  • I am especially interested in how contractile proteins of muscle sarcomeres regulate the force and speed of contraction in the heart. (bio5.org)
  • The question is important from both basic science and clinical perspectives because mutations in sarcomere proteins of muscle are a leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young and a prevalent cause of heart failure in adults. (bio5.org)
  • At Cytokinetics our research is focused to modulating proteins in the sarcomere, the fundamental unit of muscle contraction found within muscle cells. (cytokinetics.com)
  • These proteins are involved in heart muscle contraction, natural killer and antigen presenting cells, and the major histocompatibility complex. (medrxiv.org)
  • Many proteins must come together to maintain functional flexibility and contraction in sarcomeres. (aurorascientific.com)
Responsible for muscle contraction1
Protein9
  • It is unclear how the altered protein causes familial dilated cardiomyopathy, but it is likely that it impairs sarcomere function and disrupts chemical signaling. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The defective protein disrupts the function of sarcomeres, preventing skeletal and cardiac muscle from developing and working normally. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Published as the cover story in the January 14, 2005 issue of the journal Cell, the study identifies a protein called ASF/SF2 as a regulator of a calcium enzyme responsible for heart contraction and tissue growth. (news-medical.net)
  • Although there's little evidence from scientific domestic studies that eating protein beyond 1g/lbs (which is considered a lot anyway) will benefit you beyond extra calories, most serious DC trainees strongly abide by this. (thinkmuscle.com)
  • The discovery that mutations in sarcomere protein genes cause HCM has enabled the development of mouse models that recapitulate clinical manifestations of disease. (rupress.org)
  • Myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) is a thick filament-associated protein localized to the crossbridge-containing C zones of striated muscle sarcomeres. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Intercalated discs store surrounding cardiac fabric with each other, anchor contractile protein and contain the space stations which permit pass on of measures possible amongst body cells leading to contraction of nearby materials just about simultaneous. (casasantalucia.it)
  • Contraction will involve a healthy connections among calcium supplement ions, cell method of travel systems of calcium supplements, contractile protein as well as significant power phosphates. (casasantalucia.it)
  • The operation of contraction is not going to come to pass for a bottom reaction to connections involving calcium mineral ions and contractile protein but ATP represents a serious purpose in presenting power which critical for the procedure of contraction and rest. (casasantalucia.it)
Cardiac muscle7
  • The sarcomeres give skeletal and cardiac muscle their striated appearance, which was first described by Van Leeuwenhoek. (wikipedia.org)
  • Through contraction, muscle provides motion of the body (skeletal muscle), motion of blood (cardiac muscle), and motion of hollow organs such as the uterus, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and bladder (smooth muscle). (medscape.com)
  • Changes in sarcomere function reduce the heart's ability to contract, weakening cardiac muscle and leading to the signs and symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Transient stretch of cardiac muscle during a twitch contraction may dissociate Ca 2+ from myofilaments into the cytosol at the moment of quick release of the muscle. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The slipping filament version demonstrates the contraction on the cardiac muscle. (casasantalucia.it)
  • The cardiac muscle mass body cells have coordinated contractions operated with the intercalated discs which spread out the action possibilities. (casasantalucia.it)
  • The cardiac muscles neural materials match the contraction and relaxation in the cardiac muscle tissues to get an effective moving of bloodstream in your system. (casasantalucia.it)
Myofibrils7
Shortens1
  • w/ max contraction, sarcomere shortens 20-50% of its nl resting length. (wheelessonline.com)
Muscles7
  • Unlike skeletal muscles, smooth muscles present in the walls of internal organs are innervated by the autonomic nervous system and undergo involuntary contractions. (jove.com)
  • When the sarcomeres contract without relaxing, blood flow becomes restricted to the muscles. (theqg.com)
  • Also, manually stretching the muscles will help the sarcomeres to slow down and become less inflamed. (theqg.com)
  • This leads to the shortening or contraction of the muscles, and thus, the movement of the attached bones. (explorable.com)
  • This note describes the structure of muscles, as well as their types, contractions, and functions. (golifescience.com)
  • These fascicles give muscles their shape and allow for the coordination of muscle contractions. (golifescience.com)
  • This study explored effects of the syndrome on muscle properties by focusing on a comparison of the sarcomere lengths between normal and woody breast muscles, including cranial and middle parts, surface and deeper layers, electrically stimulated and nonstimulated muscles, and their combinations. (iastatedigitalpress.com)
Shorten1
  • When a muscle wants to contracts (say if you were doing a bicep curl), all of the sarcomeres in that row of traffic shorten. (spotmebro.com)
Genes2
  • Genomics, transcriptomics, methylomics, and proteomics were employed to focus on genetic loci/genes related to uterine muscle contraction, and specifically on genes associated with sarcomeres and desmosomes. (authorea.com)
  • DEP of PCU mRNAs showed 22 genes associated with the sarcomere and three with the desmosome. (authorea.com)
Myofilaments1
Uterine contraction2
Mutations1
  • We also speculate on the mechanisms by which hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing truncation and missense mutations affect the normal functioning of the sarcomere. (ox.ac.uk)
Functional3
  • A sarcomere (Greek σάρξ sarx "flesh", μέρος meros "part") is the smallest functional unit of striated muscle tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Follow-up functional studies at the single cell level uncovered a marked alteration in calcium handling, which is a major regulatory function for muscle contraction. (news-medical.net)
  • About this Functional Cell Unit =============================== This model is a Functional Cell Unit of calcium handling within a skeletal muscle cell, leading excitation-contraction coupling. (cellml.org)
Contractile4
  • Examining the contractile apparatus in the mutant heart, the investigators found striking structural defects, including shortened contractile tissue called sarcomeres and altered ridges in heart tissue. (news-medical.net)
  • The sarcomere is the contractile unit of muscle. (pearson.com)
  • Contraction with the coronary heart is really a elaborate course of action established by conduction associated with an actions potential thru intercalated discs into the contractile cardiomyocytes induced by pacemaker cells which moves among sarcomeres triggering the calcium routes from the T tubules. (casasantalucia.it)
  • It is at the level of the myofiber where the basic contractile element of muscle, the sarcomere, is found. (medscape.com)
Isometric4
  • Sarcomere contraction isometric, isotonic and isovelocità. (uninsubria.eu)
  • In two sessions, 25 healthy participants performed isometric reference (ISO), shortening hold (SHO) and SSC contractions on an isokinetic dynamometer. (nature.com)
  • In stretch-hold experiments, the force or torque during active stretch but also in the isometric hold phase after active stretch is enhanced compared to a fixed-end reference contraction. (nature.com)
  • The steady-state force or torque is decreased after shortening-hold (SHO) experiments compared to an isometric hold phase of a fixed-end contraction at the same muscle length and activation level. (nature.com)
Impairs1
  • This prevents transmission of electrical signals between the motor neuron and muscle fiber and impairs skeletal muscle contraction. (jove.com)
Relaxation2
  • A Band does not change in length during contraction or relaxation. (wheelessonline.com)
  • Its central position in the sarcomere and the tight association to myosin are the basis for titin's role in maintaining the structural integrity of the sarcomere during the relaxation-contraction cycle. (frontiersin.org)
Structural1
  • This Review aims to collate the published data on those aspects of MyBP-C that are well characterized and to consider new and emerging data that further define its structural and regulatory roles and its arrangement in the sarcomere. (ox.ac.uk)
Excitation4
Calcium2
Thin filament1
  • Tropomyosin, together with the troponin complex, regulates muscle contraction and, along with tropomodulin and leiomodin, controls the uniform thin-filament lengths crucial for normal sarcomere structure and function. (nih.gov)
Twitch2
  • They can do a short, single contraction ( twitch ) or a long, sustained contraction ( tetanus ). (howstuffworks.com)
  • In addition, transient stretch sometimes induced a twitch contraction subsequent to the accelerated TPC and its underlying increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . (elsevierpure.com)
Stretch1
  • We studied the effect of stretch and quick release of trabeculae on changes in intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) during triggered propagated contractions (TPCs). (elsevierpure.com)
Molecular1
Gene1
  • Results: Thirteen SNVs and pathogenic variants were identified in the sarcomere gene, TTN, from 146 women with sPTL. (authorea.com)
Mechanical1
  • It has long been identified that this leads to increased force, torque, mechanical work and power during the shortening phase of the SSC compared to a pure shortening contraction, which is not preceded by active stretching ("SSC-effect") 2 , 3 . (nature.com)
Lengths2
  • In conclusion, although this study did not show sarcomere lengths in living muscle, it suggests an imbalance in sarcomere lengths in different parts of the breast muscle, which may induce a reduction in the functionality and strength of the muscle. (iastatedigitalpress.com)
  • The operational aims were to study the sarcomere lengths in different breast muscle locations and the tensile strength of muscle tissue, longitudinally and transversely to the fiber direction. (iastatedigitalpress.com)
Structures1
Molecules1
  • Actin molecules are bound to the Z-line, which forms the borders of the sarcomere. (wikipedia.org)
Stimulates1
  • It stimulates sarcoplasmic hypertrophy and indirectly sarcomere hypertrophy. (thinkmuscle.com)
Motor neuron1
  • A voluntary skeletal muscle contraction begins in the brain as a conscious effort from the frontal lobe to the primary motor cortex, before activating, an alpha motor neuron located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. (jove.com)
Troponin1
  • This will cause the cardiac troponin intricate to go back to its initial suppressing position over the energetic web site of actin which eventually stops contraction resulting in rest. (casasantalucia.it)
Muscle cells1
Biology1
  • Puolanne, T. J. & Costandache, C. G. & Ertbjerg, P., (2021) "Influence of Woody Breast Myopathy on Sarcomere Length and Tensile Strength in Commercial Broiler Pectoralis major Muscle", Meat and Muscle Biology 5(1), 12, 1-11. (iastatedigitalpress.com)
Stability1
Basic1
Length3
  • This applies when the reference contraction is length-matched and has the same activation level. (nature.com)
  • Force was measured using a silicon strain gauge and sarcomere length was measured using laser diffraction techniques. (elsevierpure.com)
  • however, sarcomere length did not differ in the deeper layer. (iastatedigitalpress.com)
Force2
  • When measured in terms of strength per square centimeter, the female muscle can achieve the same force of contraction as that of a male. (medscape.com)
  • All that any muscle can do is create contraction force. (howstuffworks.com)
Units1
  • Small units contribute to the finely graded contractions used for delicate manipulations. (medscape.com)
Consists1
Found1
  • No significant difference of joint torque was found in the steady-state for all SSC-magnitudes compared to the corresponding SHO contractions in session 1. (nature.com)
Tissue1
  • EN)do-mysium- connective tissue that covers the muscle fiber. (cheatography.com)
Relax1