Contraction in smooth muscle cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Together, our work demonstrates ILK as necessary for normal oligodendrocyte development, reinforces its role as a bridge between the actin cytoskeleton and cell membrane, and highlights the overarching compensatory capacity of oligodendrocytes in response to cellular milieu. (jneurosci.org)
They also documented an increased alignment of actin fibers within smooth muscle cells, which is consistent with the muscle in the airway of asthma patients. (harvard.edu)
Actin fibers are super-thin cellular components involved in muscle contraction. (harvard.edu)
phosphorylation at Tyr-104 regulates actin dynamics and contraction in human airway smooth muscle. (genscript.com)
In this study, knockdown of GMF-gamma by RNA interference enhanced actin polymerization and contraction in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells and tissues without affecting myosin phosphorylation. (genscript.com)
Then α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and the contractility of the seeded collagen gels was measured. (molvis.org)
The ACTA2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called smooth muscle alpha (α)-2 actin, which is part of the actin protein family. (medlineplus.gov)
Actin proteins are important for cell movement and the tensing (contraction) of muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
Smooth muscle α-2 actin is found in smooth muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Within smooth muscle cells, smooth muscle α-2 actin forms the core of structures called sarcomeres, which are necessary for muscles to contract. (medlineplus.gov)
Smooth muscle α-2 actin contributes to the ability of these muscles to contract, which allows the arteries to maintain their shape instead of stretching out as blood is pumped through them. (medlineplus.gov)
ACTA2 gene mutations that are associated with familial TAAD change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the smooth muscle α-2 actin protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in smooth muscle alpha-actin (ACTA2) lead to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. (medlineplus.gov)

Histamine and its receptors represent a complex system of immunoregulation with distinct effects mediated by four GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors HRs 1-4) and their differential expression, which changes according to the stage of cell differentiation and microenvironmental influences. (hindawi.com)
Different fragments, released from individual components during complement activation, operate by a non-cytolytic mechanism through specific receptors present on various cell types. (dadamo.com)
The direction and intensity of the biological response depend on the state of the receptors (affinity and density) and on the function of cells bearing receptors. (dadamo.com)
Adherent receptors mediate adherence of cells and other particles with bound C3b or C4b fragments and are known as CR1 to CR5. (dadamo.com)
These receptors, present on the other cells of the immune system, are involved in a variety of immunoregulatory reactions. (dadamo.com)
Histamine binds to receptors on the parietal cells and increases hydrochloric acid secretion. (medicalnewstoday.com)
More recently, melatonin has been reported to be synthesized in small amounts by a wide variety of animal cells and tissues as well as diverse organisms, including all kingdoms of living organisms [cf. ( 3 , 4 )], where it presumably has local paracrine and autocrine actions, some of which are probably independent of specific melatonin receptors ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
For example, with regard to targets, the reported affinities of the two known human melatonin receptors (in both cell expression systems and ex vivo ) are in the nanomolar range [cf. ( 7 )], whereas many if not most experimental protocols have employed very pharmacological concentrations to achieve significant effects. (frontiersin.org)
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) mediated signaling smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)
Thus, for instance, serotonergic activation of 5-HT(2A) receptors in rat aortic smooth muscle cells leads to an increase in intracellular Ca(++) (via IP₃ release) and smooth muscle contraction (Roth et al. (nih.gov)
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. (mdpi.com)
The nicotinic receptors are cylindrically-shaped proteins imbedded in synaptic walls that act as chemically-controlled sodium channels (also called ligand-gated sodium channels) that penetrate through the cell walls of post-synaptic nerves and myocytes at the skeletal neuromuscular junctions. (cdc.gov)
Guyton and Hall 2006) (See Figure 6 below) ( Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by muscarinic receptors, which are different and will be discussed later. (cdc.gov)
When the bladder becomes full, the stretch receptors of the detrusor muscle send a signal to the pons, which in turn notifies the brain. (medscape.com)
Among the many responses mediated by these receptors are smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, hormone release, and cerebral glyconeogenesis. (bvsalud.org)

In any muscle cell, increased intracellular calcium causes contraction. (wikipedia.org)
Applying a shock to skeletal muscle causes contraction. (medscape.com)

In addition, Plk1 also prevented partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) of tubular epithelial cells via autophagy pathway. (nature.com)
In this study, we explored the role of Plk1 in the classical kidney fibrosis model, UUO, and cultured fibroblast and renal tubular epithelial cells by using specific Plk1 inhibitors, genetic silencing, and heterozygous global knockout mice. (nature.com)
however, significant amounts are also produced by monocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. (dadamo.com)
The surface of the stomach and opening of the gastric pits have a single layer of columnar epithelial cells, known as surface mucous cells or foveolar cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Unlike the other NHE isoforms, NHE3 is recycled between apical membranes and the endosomal compartment of epithelial cells where it has a significant involvement in renal and intestinal Na + absorption. (tocris.com)

It induces the contraction of smooth muscle, increases vascular permeability and causes histamine release from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes. (abcam.com)
My long term goal of this project is to elucidate our understanding of the mechanism by which desmin and vimentin induces mitochondrial and muscle dysfunction under pathological conditions in smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)
When the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, attaches to the portion of the nicotinic receptor outside of the cell wall, it induces a conformational change that selectively opens up the channel to sodium ions. (cdc.gov)

In smooth muscle cells the elevated levels of intracellular calcium cause the opening of BK channels which in turn allow potassium ions to flow out of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
ROS may induce intracellular calcium increase and subsequent contraction of PASMCs via direct or indirect interactions with protein kinases, phospholipases, sarcoplasmic calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-dependent potassium channels and L-type calcium channels, whose relevance may vary under different experimental conditions. (ersjournals.com)
The result of smooth muscle cell target protein phosphorylation is a decrease in intracellular calcium, increased efflux of potassium, and deactivation of myosin light chain kinase, ultimately causing smooth muscle relaxation. (nih.gov)

this leads to increased intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, driving vascular smooth muscle cell contraction. (tocris.com)

They were first discovered in 1958 by Gardos who saw that calcium levels inside of a cell could affect the permeability of potassium through that cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Inside of the cell, the main portion to note is the calcium bowl. (wikipedia.org)
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) stores calcium, which is released into the sarcoplasm during muscle contraction. (medscape.com)
Contractions were induced by electric field stimulation (EFS), alpha(1)-adrenergic agonists (noradrenaline, phenylephrine, methoxamine), thromboxane A(2) analog U46619, endothelin-1, or calcium chloride in an organ bath. (uni-muenchen.de)
After depolarization in calcium-free solution, calcium chloride-induced concentration-dependent contractions, which were inhibited by GF109203X and Go6983. (uni-muenchen.de)
The protein, Piezo1, serves as a molecular gate or channel that alternately allows calcium ions into the cell or keeps them out. (nih.gov)
When Piezo1 is activated by the protein Yoda1, calcium enters the cells of the myometrium-the smooth muscle making up much of the uterus-causing a cascade of chemical reactions that allow the uterus to stretch. (nih.gov)
Both calcium- and Ca2+ sensitization- mediated contraction plays role in G-protein signaling during smooth-muscle contraction. (jefferson.edu)

In this review, we discuss the dualistic effects of histamine: how histamine affects inflammation of the immune system through the activation of intracellular pathways that induce the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in different immune cells and how histamine exerts regulatory functions in innate and adaptive immune responses. (hindawi.com)
Gastrin can increase hydrochloric acid production by stimulating ECL-like cells to release histamine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These cells secrete histamine when gastrin stimulates them. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of standardized Brazilian propolis extract (P1) on response to histamine cumulative-concentration contraction on guinea pig isolated trachea in vitro, on the oedema induced by histamine in mice, and to evaluate the effect of P1 on ulceration in mice's stomach treated with sodium diclofenac. (scirp.org)

Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. (mdpi.com)

Studies have shown that this treatment causes proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
Altered contractile-protein expression and increased smooth-muscle cell (SMC) proliferation are characteristics of various disease conditions including hypertension, asthma, and intestine and bladder pathologies. (jefferson.edu)
The long-term goals of this project are to elucidate the role of GPCR mediated signaling in smooth muscle contraction and proliferation under pathophysiological conditions. (jefferson.edu)
Phenylephrine-induced cell migration and proliferation were also suppressed in Gpr143-/y pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells than in WT cells. (bvsalud.org)

These findings indicate that BK channels are involved in the relaxation of smooth muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum leads to penile erection when the cavernosal sinusoids engorge with blood to compress the subtunical veins against the tunica albuginea. (nih.gov)
Finding Piezo1 in the muscular layer of the uterus where there are no nerves controlling contraction and relaxation means the uterus is controlled locally and is coordinated by a stretch-activated mechanism, rather than hormonal influence from the ovaries or the placenta, which has been the assumption," Dr. Buxton said. (nih.gov)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine are the immediate substrates for processes involved in muscle contraction and relaxation, Ca2+ handling, and phosphorylation. (jefferson.edu)
The PMC coordinates the urethral sphincter relaxation and detrusor contraction to facilitate urination. (medscape.com)

Through contraction, muscle provides motion of the body (skeletal muscle), motion of blood (cardiac muscle), and motion of hollow organs such as the uterus, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and bladder (smooth muscle). (medscape.com)
Bladders of DKO animals exhibited detrusor overactivity at an early stage: increased frequency of nonvoiding contractions during bladder filling, decreased voided volume, and dispersed urine spot patterns. (harvard.edu)
In particular, TNF-α was upregulated in serum and in bladder smooth muscle tissue. (harvard.edu)
TNF-α augmented the contraction of primary cultured bladder smooth muscle cells through upregulating Rho kinase activity and phosphorylating myosin light chain. (harvard.edu)
This disorder impairs the activity of smooth muscles throughout the body and leads to widespread problems including blood vessel abnormalities, decreased response of the pupils to light, a weak (hypotonic) bladder, and impairment of the muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract (hypoperistalsis). (medlineplus.gov)

Harvard bioengineers have developed a human airway muscle-on-a-chip that could be used to test new drugs because it accurately mimics the way smooth muscle contracts in the human airway. (harvard.edu)
Hope for healthier airways may be on the horizon thanks to a Harvard University team that has developed a human airway muscle-on-a-chip that could be used to test new drugs because it accurately mimics the way smooth muscle contracts in the human airway, under normal circumstances and when exposed to asthma triggers. (harvard.edu)
The chip, a soft polymer well that is mounted on a glass substrate, contains a planar array of microscale, engineered human airway muscles, designed to mimic the laminar structure of the muscular layers of the human airway. (harvard.edu)
IL-13 is a natural protein often found in the airway of asthmatic patients that mediates the response of smooth muscle to an allergen. (harvard.edu)
Sure enough, the airway muscle on the chip hypercontracted-and the soft chip curled up-in response to higher doses of the neurotransmitter. (harvard.edu)
The researchers mimicked an asthmatic airway on their airway muscle-on-a-chip by first introducing Interleukin-13 (IL-13), a natural protein often found in the airway of asthmatic patients. (harvard.edu)

The complement system consists of more than 35 soluble and cell-bound proteins, 12 of which are directly involved in the complement pathways. (dadamo.com)
Because of the low abundance of most native ion channel proteins in mammalian cells, the purified native ion channel complexes are commonly contaminated by an overwhelming number and/or amount of non-specifically co-purified proteins, which makes the downstream mass-spectrometric and functional analyses very difficult. (mdanderson.org)
The second major area of investigation is to understand the role of cytoskeleton proteins, desmin and vimentin in smooth muscle contraction and mitochondrial respiration. (jefferson.edu)
Together, these findings suggest that Rps27 and Rps27l are evolutionarily retained because their subfunctionalized expression patterns render both genes necessary to achieve the requisite total expression of two equivalent proteins across cell types. (stanford.edu)

Changes in Gastric Smooth Muscle Cell Contraction during Pregnancy: Effect of Estrogen. (abcam.com)
Estrogen relaxes gastric muscle cells via a nitric oxide- and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent mechanism: A sex-associated differential effect. (abcam.com)
Effect of progesterone on nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling and contraction in gastric smooth muscle cells. (abcam.com)
Parietal cells are present in the gastric pits that mainly occur in the upper part of the stomach, or the fundus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Chief cells are present in the base of gastric glands, which are in the fundus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Neuroendocrine cells occur in the gastric pits of the stomach. (medicalnewstoday.com)
When the stomach reaches a certain level of acidity, D-cells release somatostatin, which then suppresses gastrin and the overall production of gastric acid. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Nitric oxide in inflammatory cells such as macrophages and microglia. (rutgers.edu)
We are particularly interested in the function of Nitric Oxide in inflammatory cells such as macrophages and microglia. (rutgers.edu)
These cells can participate in inflammatory responses by releasing mediators that attract or activate other cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases. (mdpi.com)
Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. (mdpi.com)

The oxygen sensing and signal transduction machinery is located in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the pre-capillary vessels, albeit the physiological response may be modulated in vivo by the endothelium. (ersjournals.com)
In women, the values of muscle strength, pulmonary ventilation, and cardiac output (all variables related with muscle mass) are generally 60-75% of the exercise physiology values recorded in men. (medscape.com)
This gene subfamily is constitutively active at physiological resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle cells, and has been particularly linked to the human pulmonary circulation. (ersjournals.com)
We investigated whether DOPA similarly enhances ADRA1-mediated contraction in pulmonary arteries isolated from rats, and whether GPR143 is involved in the PH pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)

Muscle tissue also helps maintain posture and produce heat. (medscape.com)
Rejuvenation therapies aim to reverse or repair age-related cellular changes such as molecular waste, calcification , tissue stiffening , loss of stem cell function , genetic alterations, and impaired energy production . (fightaging.org)
Significantly, they were able to measure the contractile stress of the muscle tissue as it responded to varying doses of the drugs, said lead author Alexander Peyton Nesmith, a Ph.D./M.D. student at Harvard SEAS and the University of Alabama at Birmingham. (harvard.edu)
Conversely, treating the tissue with Dooku1 reversed the effects of Yoda1 and contractions resumed. (nih.gov)

When Ang II binds to AT1 on vascular smooth muscle cells, it mobilizes intracellular Ca 2+ , leading to cellular contraction. (frontiersin.org)
Sustained cellular contraction increases peripheral vascular resistance, resulting in high blood pressure ( Touyz and Schiffrin, 2000 ). (frontiersin.org)
Sodium-hydrogen exchangers (Na + /H + exchangers, NHE) are ATP-independent membrane glycoprotein transporters that are involved in the regulation of intracellular pH, cell volume and the cellular response to hormones and mitogens. (tocris.com)
Genetic changes and epigenetic modifications in cancer cells alter the regulation of cellular metabolic pathways providing potential cancer therapeutic targets. (tocris.com)
The cellular and molecular changes exhibited by the aging gut cells also vary. (open.ac.uk)
How changes of the different cell types of the gut during aging affect the numerous cellular interactions that are essential for normal gut functions will be important areas for future aging research. (open.ac.uk)
The team then investigated what happened on a cellular level in response to the IL-13 and confirmed, for example, that the smooth muscle cells grew larger in the presence of IL-13 over time-a structural hallmark of the airways in asthma patients as well. (harvard.edu)
The cellular activity of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) determines the agonist-induced force development in smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)

A feature of this type of medicine is that unlike other immunosuppressive medicines, e.g. methotrexate, specific cell signalling pathways involved in the disease are targeted. (bpac.org.nz)
Introduction: Prostate smooth muscle contraction is promoted by receptor-induced activation of intracellular signaling pathways. (uni-muenchen.de)
This poster summarizes the main metabolic pathways in cancer cells and highlights potential targets for cancer therapeutics. (tocris.com)
Aging intestinal smooth muscle cells exhibit a number of changes in the signalling pathways that regulate contraction. (open.ac.uk)

After activation C3b can bind covalently, via its reactive thioester, to cell surface carbohydrates or immune aggregates. (abcam.com)

This finding has sparked further exploration surrounding these channels and researchers have found that IK channels regulate the cell cycle in cancer cells, B and T lymphocytes, and stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
They regulate the excitability of cells and contribute to their resting membrane potential [ 1 , 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)

As contraction progresses, the cell becomes ellipsoid and its borders exhibit invaginations at the points of myofilamentous attachment to the plasma membrane and vesicle-containing projections of the intervening membrane. (rupress.org)
Ion channels are membrane protein complexes that translocate ions across cell or organelle membranes, underlying a broad range of the most basic physiological processes from nerve and muscle excitability, to membrane potential setting, pH/cell volume regulation, secretion and absorption. (mdanderson.org)
2. A slow (0.5-4 Hz) membrane potential oscillation was observed in thalamocortical cells recorded in motor, sensory, associational and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. (researchgate.net)
They span the membrane of cells, allowing the selective permeation of K + ions from one side of the membrane to the other, usually from the inside of the cell to the outside. (ersjournals.com)

BK channels play a variety of physiologically important roles, such as neuronal firing and neurotransmitter release, frequency tuning of auditory hair cells, hormone secretion, and contractile tone of smooth muscles. (mdanderson.org)

The complement system influence the activity of numerous cells, tissues and physiological mechanism of the body. (dadamo.com)
Here, we examined the effects of the PKC inhibitors Go6983 and GF109203x on contractions of human prostate tissues. (uni-muenchen.de)
Another point to consider is that although plasma melatonin levels are physiologically elevated for many hours at nighttime, protocols often expose tissues or cells to only very short melatonin treatments, which may be physiologically irrelevant. (frontiersin.org)

Transgenic NHE1 overexpression results in salt-sensitive hypertension in rodents, whilst NHE1 activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from hypertensive patients is directly correlated with increased blood pressure. (tocris.com)
The pathophysiology behind hypertension in the elderly is a complex process that is not entirely understood, but it is attributed to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance caused by decreased elasticity and increased stiffness due to smooth muscle hypertrophy in arterial walls. (uspharmacist.com)

14 These mass movements occur primarily as a result of high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs) due to the contraction of colonic smooth muscle and neuronal signaling via the myenteric nerve plexus. (ajmc.com)

The following illustration depicts the cell structures of the skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine (ACh) stimulates skeletal muscle to contract. (medscape.com)
Skeletal muscle consists of fibers (cells). (medscape.com)
Skeletal muscle is actually formed by the fusion of hundreds of embryonic cells. (medscape.com)
Neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscles. (cdc.gov)

Age-related physiological changes in the gut are not only common, but also variable, and likely to be influenced by external factors as well as intrinsic aging of the cells involved. (open.ac.uk)
The inference is that engaging a particular signal transduction pathway in a defined cell type leads inexorably to a prototypic physiological response. (nih.gov)

Epithelial stem cells exhibit increased mitochondrial mutation in aging that affects their progeny in the mucosal epithelium. (open.ac.uk)
The perfused trachea is used because it contains respiratory smooth muscle, which is involved in narrowing of the airways in response to inhaled substances, and other cell types such as epithelium, which lines the airways and is known to be a target of the toxic effects of some agents. (cdc.gov)
We are able to ascertain the effect(s) of inhaled substances on respiratory smooth muscle and epithelium. (cdc.gov)
The muscle contracts to luminal methacholine only after the drug has crossed the epithelium. (cdc.gov)
The epithelium is a diffusion barrier and a metabolic site, and also releases modulatory factors which affect the responsiveness of the muscle. (cdc.gov)
The perfused trachea preparation revealed that a complex set of changes had occurred in the release of modulatory factors from the epithelium, which altered in a dust level- and post-exposure, time-dependent manner responsiveness of the muscle. (cdc.gov)

The relaxed cell is long and narrow with smooth cytoplasmic and nuclear contours. (rupress.org)
This alteration, as well as progressive changes in the alignment of cytoplasmic organelles, is thought to be due to forces exerted on the internal structure of the cell by the contractile elements. (rupress.org)

The role of the voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv2.1 in prostate cancer cell migration. (nih.gov)
is associated with colorectal cancer metastasis and its downregulation suppresses colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. (genscript.com)

CM is caused by the interaction between Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes and host brain endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
The mechanism of how the calcification signal from endothelial cells is transmitted to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unknown. (spandidos-publications.com)

Hormonal stimuli: Oxytocin stimulates smooth muscle in the uterus to contract during labor . (medscape.com)

During development, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs) that extend processes to contact multiple axons of CNS neurons. (jneurosci.org)

The protocol used to examine dust effect( s) is to apply the bronchoconstricting drug, methacholine, to the fluid surrounding the trachea in order to establish the dose-response relationship for the diameter decrease caused by contraction of the smooth muscle. (cdc.gov)
The methacholine easily reaches the muscle, which is situated on the outer surface of the trachea. (cdc.gov)

Thus, targeting fibroblast cell activation and pEMT are critical strategies for attenuating fibrosis. (nature.com)
Alternate pathway activation occurs when components of microbial cell surfaces (eg, yeast walls, bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharide [endotoxin]) or immunoglobulin (eg, nephritic factor, aggregated IgA) cleave small amounts of C3. (msdmanuals.com)

These macrophages, in addition to smooth muscle cells, activate T cells by presenting antigens, including oxidized LDL. (medscape.com)
Other trophic factors, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, cause activated T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β, leading to stimulation of macrophages and further up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)

The muscularis layer consists of smooth muscle. (medicalnewstoday.com)
It consists of a rounded fundus, smooth body and tapering neck, which becomes contiguous with the cystic duct and attaches to the porta hepatis. (cdc.gov)

Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid that helps break down food and intrinsic factor that aids in the absorption of vitamin B12. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Establishment of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (ZJSHi001-A) from a patient with epileptic encephalopathy carrying KCNB1 Glu330Asp mutation. (nih.gov)
At least one mutation in the ACTA2 gene causes multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
The mutation that causes multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome replaces the amino acid arginine with the amino acid histidine at protein position 179, written as Arg179His or R179H. (medlineplus.gov)
This mutation results in impaired contraction of smooth muscles in many organs, leading to the signs and symptoms of multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
It is unclear why this ACTA2 gene mutation has effects on smooth muscles throughout the body while others affect only the aorta. (medlineplus.gov)

The presumed involvement in etiology and medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) imparts a high clinical relevance to prostate smooth muscle contraction, which is contrasted by incomplete understanding at the molecular level. (uni-muenchen.de)
Ion channels have long been key therapeutic targets in disease intervention and pharmaceutical drug development because of their direct involvement in diverse diseases, vulnerability to small molecular modulation, and accessibility for direct activity measurement on cell membranes by patch-clamp recording from whole cell to single molecule levels. (mdanderson.org)
This could lead to novel molecular targets for therapeutic interventions in smooth muscle pathologies. (jefferson.edu)

These events help to explain why the initial phase of toxicity is manifested by over-stimulation (characterized by myoclonic jerks, fasciculations and muscle spasms) followed by weakness progressing to paralysis. (cdc.gov)

Involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) has been commonly assumed, but available studies were limited to nonhuman prostate smooth muscle or cell cultures. (uni-muenchen.de)
Conclusions: GF109203X and Go6983 inhibit neurogenic, alpha(1)-adrenergic, and thromboxane A(2)-induced smooth muscle contractions in the human prostate, suggesting a role of PKC for human prostate smooth muscle contraction. (uni-muenchen.de)

Various cells in the stomach secrete digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The cells of the stomach are constantly exposed to digestive juices and the stomach's contents. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Therefore, to protect themselves, the cells produce a layer of mucus and constantly regenerate to keep the stomach lining healthy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This article looks at the types of cells of the stomach, their purpose, and how they work. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These cells secrete a thick layer of mucus that covers the stomach lining and protects it from the digestive juices. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The surface mucous cells constantly regenerate, so the stomach lining is always protected. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These cells exist mainly in the fundus of the stomach. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These cells are in the pylorus of the stomach. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The cells of the stomach are highly specialized with different and varied functions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The surface mucous cells secrete a layer of mucus that protects the stomach lining. (medicalnewstoday.com)

We show that Rps27 and Rps27l have inversely correlated mRNA abundance across mouse cell types, with the highest Rps27 in lymphocytes and the highest Rps27l in mammary alveolar cells and hepatocytes. (stanford.edu)

When the protein is deactivated, the uterus begins the contractions culminating in labor. (nih.gov)

The common pathological feature of CKD is the loss of tubular cells and progressive interstitial fibrosis. (nature.com)

Depolarization is followed by the opening of other transmembrane channels that selectively allow the flow of K+ ions into the cell. (cdc.gov)

check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)

A large amount of body heat is produced by metabolism and by muscle contraction. (medscape.com)

Mitochondria and smooth muscle contraction: Role of desmin cytoskeleton protein. (jefferson.edu)

The nucleus of the contracted cell is shortened and widened, with convolution of its limiting membranes. (rupress.org)

Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)

it occurs when mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a serum protein, binds to mannose, fucose, or N -acetylglucosamine groups on bacterial cell walls, yeast walls, or viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
Layers of smooth muscle cells are found in the walls of the arteries, which are blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body. (medlineplus.gov)

These cells secrete the hormone ghrelin. (medicalnewstoday.com)

It is well known that smooth-muscle contraction is regulated by the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and by the Ca2+ sensitivity of myofilaments: the former activates myosin light-chain kinase, and the latter is achieved partly by the inhibition of myosin phosphatase. (jefferson.edu)

Stem Cell Res, 2021 Apr. (nih.gov)
Lineage-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Smooth Muscle Cell Modeling Predicts Integrin Alpha-V Antagonism Reduces Aortic Root Aneurysm Formation in Marfan Syndrome Mice. (stanford.edu)

Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. (mdpi.com)

This occurs when the cells in the lining of your esophagus are damaged from acid reflux. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy71

Organisms15

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs95

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Actin13

Receptors15

Causes contraction2

Epithelial cells5

Induces3

Intracellular calcium3

Vascular smooth musc1

Calcium8

Histamine4

Degranulation1

Proliferation4

Relaxation5

Bladder5

Airway6

Proteins4

Gastric7

Inflammatory4

Pulmonary4

Tissue4

Cellular8

Pathways4

Aggregates1

Regulate2

Membrane4

Secretion1

Tissues3

Peripheral2

Neuronal1

Skeletal5

Physiological2

Epithelium6

Cytoplasmic2

Migration2

Endothelial cells2

Stimulates1

Precursor cells1

Trachea2

Activation2

Macrophages2

Consists2

Parietal cells1

Mutation5

Molecular3

Stimulation1

Prostate2

Stomach10

Lymphocytes1

Uterus1

Interstitial1

Ions1

Physiology1

Metabolism1

Cytoskeleton1

Limiting membranes1

Immune system1

Walls2

Hormone1

Concentration1

Stem2

Human1

Esophagus1