Contractile muscle protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Actin alpha 1 which is expressed in skeletal muscle is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
However, when BC3H1 cells differentiate in response to incubation in serum-deprived medium or upon approaching confluence, they express TnT as well as sarcomeric muscle isoforms of MHC, MLC 2 and 3, alpha-Tm, and alpha-actin. (silverchair.com)
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the diverse steps in RNA processing, including alternative splicing, which generates fiber-type specific isoforms of structural proteins that confer contractile sarcomeres with distinct biomechanical properties. (uni-muenchen.de)
We have previously demonstrated that a layer of skeletal muscle cells in the EOMs demonstrate a longitudinal variation in their myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. (upenn.edu)
We have demonstrated that this resistance to fatigue results from global changes in contractile protein isoforms and metabolic pathways during the progression of COPD. (upenn.edu)
Differential splicing of the titin gene results in numerous species- and muscle-specific titin isoforms. (frontiersin.org)
Two differences were discovered intermyomerically: (i) the ratio of two troponin T isoforms changed from head to tail and (ii) caudal muscle had a lower total parvalbumin content than rostral muscle. (duke.edu)

Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase catalyzed the rapid phosphorylation of a single site in the inhibitory subunit of cardiac troponin in vitro and in perfused hearts. (elsevierpure.com)
Phosphorylation of skeletal muscle myosin was catalyzed by myosin light chain kinase in the presence of Ca 2+ and the ubiquitous, multifunctional Ca 2+ -dependent regulator protein (CDR). (elsevierpure.com)
The BC3H1 cell line has been used widely as a model for studying regulation of muscle-related proteins, such as the acetylcholine receptor, myokinase, creatine kinase, and actin. (silverchair.com)
One of the upstream kinases, which phosphorylate cMyBP-C, is protein kinase D (PKD). (scirp.org)
Forced protein kinase B/Akt 1 activation is known to induce myocyte hypertrophy in other muscle types, and, since a number of mediators present in asthmatic airways can activate Akt signaling, we hypothesized that Akt activation could contribute to ASM hypertrophy in asthma. (nih.gov)
Immunostains of human airway sections revealed concordant activation of Akt (reflected in Ser(473) phosphorylation) and of its downstream effector p70(S6Kinase) (reflected in Thr(389) phosphorylation) within airway muscle bundles, but there was no phosphorylation of the alternative Akt downstream target glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β. (nih.gov)
It is well known that smooth-muscle contraction is regulated by the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and by the Ca2+ sensitivity of myofilaments: the former activates myosin light-chain kinase, and the latter is achieved partly by the inhibition of myosin phosphatase. (jefferson.edu)
The small GTPase RhoA, Rho-associated kinase (the target of RhoA), and Protein kinase C (PKC)-potentiated inhibitory protein of 17 kDa (CPI-17) participate in the calcium sensitization mechanism. (jefferson.edu)
Glucose transport can be activated in skeletal muscle in response to insulin via activation of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase and in response to contractions or hypoxia, presumably via activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (diabetesjournals.org)
We determined the effects of insulin and muscle contraction/hypoxia on PI 3-kinase, AMPK, and glucose transport activity in epitrochlearis skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant Zucker ( fa/ fa ) rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle was reduced 47% in obese versus lean rats, with a parallel 42% reduction in tyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
This most likely occurs from defects in postreceptor insulin signal transduction at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase ( 6 - 9 ) as well as defects in trafficking and/or function of GLUT4 ( 10 , 11 ), the major insulin-regulated GLUT isoform expressed in skeletal muscle ( 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

The muscle proteins targeted by reversible protein thiol oxidation include the contractile proteins, actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin. (edu.au)

In muscle, actin and myosin filaments are oriented parallel to each other and to the long axis of the muscle. (britannica.com)
Alongside the proteins actin and myosin, these are responsible for the contractile activity of muscle cells. (ku.dk)

To provide further information about the contractile protein phenotype of BC3H1 and to gain additional insights into the possible tissue of origin of these cells, we have examined the expression of a battery of contractile protein genes. (silverchair.com)
To test this hypothesis, we evaluated whether Akt activation occurs naturally within airway myocytes in situ, whether Akt1 activation is sufficient to cause hypertrophy of normal airway myocytes, and whether such hypertrophy is accompanied by excessive accumulation of contractile apparatus proteins (contractile phenotype maturation). (nih.gov)
Dekkers BG , Bos IS, Zaagsma J, Meurs H. Functional consequences of human airway smooth muscle phenotype plasticity. (rug.nl)
Our results expand the number of RBPs with a described phenotype in muscle and underscore the diversity in myofibril and transcriptomic phenotypes associated with splicing defects. (uni-muenchen.de)

I am especially interested in how contractile proteins of muscle sarcomeres regulate the force and speed of contraction in the heart. (bio5.org)
Within smooth muscle cells, smooth muscle α-2 actin forms the core of structures called sarcomeres, which are necessary for muscles to contract. (medlineplus.gov)
These changes likely affect the way the protein functions in smooth muscle contraction, interfering with the sarcomeres' ability to prevent arteries from stretching. (medlineplus.gov)

A smaller protein with properties similar to those of myosin is tropomyosin. (britannica.com)
He is the head of the Oncology Research Unit at the School of Medical Sciences and an expert on the protein tropomyosin ( list of publications ). (ku.dk)
The backbone of the sarcomere is composed of three filament systems: the myosin-based thick filament, the actin-based thin filament, supplemented with the regulatory protein tropomyosin and the troponin complex, and the titin filament. (frontiersin.org)

Some of the proposed mechanisms involve the reversible thiol oxidation of muscle proteins as well as ROS-induced protein carbonylation. (edu.au)
Gary C. Sieck, Ph.D., studies the cell signaling mechanisms that underlie muscle performance. (mayo.edu)
Dr. Sieck examines basic mechanisms underlying muscle fiber atrophy and weakness under a variety of conditions and diseases. (mayo.edu)
Schlossarek, S., Mearini, G. and Carrier, L. (2011) Cardiac myosin-binding protein c in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. (scirp.org)
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hypertrophy is a cardinal feature of severe asthma, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. (nih.gov)
The research in my laboratory is focused on identifying the components and molecular mechanisms regulating actin architecture in cardiac and skeletal muscle during normal development and disease. (bio5.org)
The long-term goal of research in my lab is to understand the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction. (bio5.org)
Currently, the major research focus in my lab is understanding the mechanisms by which cMyBP-C regulates contractile speed and mechanisms by which mutations in cMyBP-C cause disease. (bio5.org)
Protein-interactions e.g., with muscle ankyrin repeat proteins or muscle LIM-protein link titin to hypertrophic signaling and via p62 and Muscle Ring Finger proteins to mechanisms that control protein quality control. (frontiersin.org)
These biological mechanisms compromise the muscle repair mechanism, alter the kinetics of muscle contraction, and compromise musculoskeletal function. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
The regulation of cardiomyocyte contractility is a typical example of the lab's focus on the relevance of G protein signaling regulation by RGS proteins in excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms in organ systems of the general circulation. (case.edu)
A major focus of the lab is the identification of novel mechanisms by which GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), specifically regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, control G protein signaling in the kidney to maintain normal blood pressure. (case.edu)
Understanding the function of RGS2 in renal mechanisms of blood pressure control is of particular interest to the lab, because mutations leading to decreases in the expression and/or function of this RGS protein is linked to human hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. (case.edu)
Although muscle regeneration has been deeply investigated in the past decades, most studies were centered on mechanisms involving other cells, including muscle stem cells, which are required upon extensive muscle damage. (scitechdaily.com)

The molecular process underlying the reaction is known to involve the fibrous muscle proteins, the peptide chains of which undergo a change in conformation during contraction. (britannica.com)
This could lead to novel molecular targets for therapeutic interventions in smooth muscle pathologies. (jefferson.edu)
Traditional bioinformatics methods including gene ontology (GO) and pathways enrichment analyses of DEGs combined protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and cytohubber calculating software as well as Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) analysis were used to analyze the key gene and pathway. (hindawi.com)
Although, the non-muscle myosin II holoenzyme (myosin) is a molecular motor that powers contraction of actin cytoskeleton networks, recent studies have questioned the importance of myosin motor activity cell and tissue shape changes. (elifesciences.org)
Next, the team dissected the molecular mechanism of this observation: "Our experiments with muscle cells in the laboratory showed that the movement of nuclei to injury sites resulted in local delivery of mRNA molecules. (scitechdaily.com)

Contractile performance of cardiac and skeletal muscles may be regulated by cyclic AMP or Ca 2+ , two second messengers that stimulate the phosphorylation of specific myofibrillar proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
In rat extensor digitorum longus muscle, a 1 sec tetanic contraction resulted in phosphorylation of myosin light chain with the maximal phosphate incorporated 20 sec after the contraction. (elsevierpure.com)
Phosphorylation of skeletal muscle myosin may be important in modulating contraction. (elsevierpure.com)
Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in physiological processes, such as muscle contraction. (scirp.org)
Phosphorylation of cMyBP-C is essential for normal cardiac function, since dephosphorylation of this protein leads to its degradation and has been associated with cardiomyopathy. (scirp.org)
Cohen, P. (2002) The origins of protein phosphorylation. (scirp.org)
Barefield, D. and Sadayappan, S. (2010) Phosphorylation and function of cardiac myosin-binding protein c in health and disease. (scirp.org)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine are the immediate substrates for processes involved in muscle contraction and relaxation, Ca2+ handling, and phosphorylation. (jefferson.edu)
Work done using smooth muscle myosin and mammalian non-muscle myosin have demonstrated that phosphorylation of the RLC at conserved Serine and Threonine sites ( Figure 1B , Serine-19 and Threonine-18) activates myosin motor activity, enhances the affinity of myosin for actin, and promotes myosin filament assembly ( Heissler and Sellers, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)

Using transgenic frog technology, I demonstrate that a 580bp cardiac α-actin promoter fragment drives high level expression of a GFP reporter in the heart and skeletal muscle of Xenopus embryos. (ucl.ac.uk)

To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. (karger.com)
The encoded protein is involved in regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) contractile proteins. (nih.gov)
The proper regulation of RNA processing is critical for muscle development and the fine-tuning of contractile ability among muscle fiber-types. (uni-muenchen.de)
This Sbp sequence does not conform to any known transcription factor binding site involved in contractile isoform regulation, therefore, might represent a novel control element required for cardiac muscle-specific activation of the cardiac α-actin gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Specifically, the Osei-Owusu lab studies the regulation of signaling via heterotrimeric G proteins, which are mostly activated by G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and tightly controlled by GTPase activating proteins, including RGS proteins. (case.edu)
Since troponin T and parvalbumin have been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle kinetics, longitudinal variation in muscle contraction kinetics was predicted. (duke.edu)

Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. (wikipedia.org)
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is one of the proteins that make up the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes. (scirp.org)
The channel regulates the changes in calcium ion concentration that control the muscle contractile apparatus and, in turn, muscle movement. (the-scientist.com)
have similar features but are disorders of the muscle membrane, contractile apparatus, or organelles. (msdmanuals.com)

Research in Dr. Sieck's Cell and Regenerative Physiology Laboratory focuses on motor neurons and neuromotor control of muscle contraction. (mayo.edu)
Having pioneered the study of muscle physiology in mammals, she uncovered how ion channels enable muscle movement. (the-scientist.com)
Dulhunty was attracted to learning how muscle works as an undergraduate student studying physiology and biochemistry at the University of Sydney. (the-scientist.com)
Throughout her career, Dulhunty has been driven by her curiosity to know how the underlying physiology of the body works, and, as a result, has made important discoveries about how skeletal and heart muscle contractions are generated and regulated. (the-scientist.com)
The techniques that we use range from single molecule mechanics, (immuno) electron microscopy, exon microarray analysis, in vitro motility assays, low angle X-ray diffraction, cell physiology (including calcium imaging), muscle mechanics, and isolated heart physiology. (bio5.org)
Titin is a giant scaffold protein with multiple functions in striated muscle physiology. (frontiersin.org)
Among more than 30 mammalian RGS proteins discovered to date, members of the B/R4 RGS protein family (including RGS1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 13, 16, 18, and 21) have been shown to play critical roles in cardiovascular and renal physiology. (case.edu)
This protective mechanism opens the road to a broader understanding of muscle repair in physiology and disease. (scitechdaily.com)
On the importance of these discoveries, Pura Muñoz-Cánoves says: "This finding constitutes an important advance in the understanding of muscle biology, in physiology and muscle dysfunction. (scitechdaily.com)

Skeletal actin itself, when expressed, causes expression of several other "myogenic genes", which are essential to muscle formation. (wikipedia.org)
The expression of sarcomeric muscle-specific contractile protein genes in BC3H1 cells: BC3H1 cells resemble skeletal myoblasts that are defective for commitment to terminal differentiation. (silverchair.com)
Low serum 25(OH)D concentrations decrease the expression of genes responsible for myogenesis and reduce the synthesis of muscle contractile proteins and the influx of [calcium] into the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells," the authors said. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
Heat shock proteins (HSP) HSP72, HSC70 and HSP25 protein levels and mRNA levels of HSP72 genes (Hsp72-1, Hsp72-2, Hsp72-3) and HSC70 were examined in tibialis anterior muscles from young and old rats following 4.5 weeks of heavy resistance exercise. (cdc.gov)
There were no differences in mRNA expression between the control and experimental muscles in either the old or the young animals for any of the four genes examined. (cdc.gov)
There are a myriad of mutations identified in genes encoding cardiac transcription factors, ion channels, gap junctions, energy metabolism regulators, lamins and other structural proteins. (medscape.com)

The question is important from both basic science and clinical perspectives because mutations in sarcomere proteins of muscle are a leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young and a prevalent cause of heart failure in adults. (bio5.org)
ACTA2 gene mutations that are associated with familial TAAD change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the smooth muscle α-2 actin protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in smooth muscle alpha-actin (ACTA2) lead to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. (medlineplus.gov)

Such conditions result in fusion of committed cells (satellite cells) into myotubes, to form muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Amputation-induced proliferation occurred predominantly within the epidermal and intestinal epithelium, as well as wound-adjacent muscle fibers, where clusters of cells at the same stage of the cell cycle were found. (mdpi.com)
Specifically, the lab explores the structure and function of diaphragm muscle motor units that comprise phrenic motor neurons located in the cervical spinal cord and the group of muscle fibers they innervate. (mayo.edu)
Thus, as a phrenic motor neuron is activated by synaptic input, diaphragm muscle fibers within the motor unit are excited and contract as a unit. (mayo.edu)
Fish that were able to sustain swimming exercise had higher aerobic metabolism and calcium handling as well as more slow contractile muscle fibers than fish that were better at sprinting. (scienceblogs.com)
They also lead to decreases in muscle strength and mass and cause atrophy, especially for type II muscle fibers. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
[ 1 ] The impulse is then conducted through the atrium to the atrioventricular junction from where, after a delay, the electrical signal is propagated to the ventricles along bundles of specialized conduction tissue to the distal Purkinje fibers, which ramify among the contractile myocardium. (medscape.com)
The tips of the Purkinje fibers are electrically coupled to muscle cells and the working myocytes are longitudinally connected via gap junctions, thereby initiating a coordinated, efficient contraction of the ventricles. (medscape.com)

These cells, derived from a nitrosourea-induced mouse brain neoplasm, have some of the morphological characteristics of smooth muscle and have been shown to express the vascular smooth muscle isoform of alpha-actin. (silverchair.com)
Isoform-specific AMPK activity was measured in skeletal muscle in response to insulin, contraction, or hypoxia. (diabetesjournals.org)
Whole mounts of rat EOMs stained with antibody specific to the embryonic MyHC isoform (green) or with antibody specific to the extraocular muscle MyHC isoform (EO-MyHC) at specific days postpartum. (upenn.edu)

This study further examined the time course for elevated muscle protein synthesis by examining its rate at 36 hrs following a training session. (researchgate.net)
Mitochondrial desmin and vimentin interacts with the VDAC and this interaction disrupts VDAC/MtCK/ANT complex formation, thereby inhibiting the ATP synthesis and promoting ROS production under pathological conditions in smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)
Control of contractile protein synthesis in the extraocular muscles: Although oculomotor disorders such as strabismus or nystagmus can have marked, deleterious effects on the development of vision, little is known about the final common pathway of oculomotor control: the extraocular muscles (EOMs). (upenn.edu)
While 20 gram doses may be required to increase sprint performance, smaller amounts may be adequate to support increases in muscle protein synthesis, growth and strength, albeit at a slower rate. (getbig.com)
Because leucine contributes to glutamine synthesis, taking supplemental leucine before and after intense training and between meals can help to normalize glutamine levels in both the serum and muscle, thereby promoting anticatabolic muscle metabolism as well as supporting immune function. (getbig.com)

The contractile vacuole of the freshwater protozoan Paramecium multimicronucleatum is a membrane-bound exocytotic vesicle that expels excess cytosolic water. (biologists.com)
Activity lasted for over 30 min at room temperature (24-27 degrees C). The rounding of the in vitro contractile vacuole corresponded to the increased membrane tension of the in vivo contractile vacuole that occurs immediately before fluid expulsion. (biologists.com)
The subsequent slackening of the in vitro contractile vacuole corresponded to the fluid-filling phase of the in vivo contractile vacuole that occurs at decreased membrane tension. (biologists.com)
In vitro membrane-bound vesicles obtained by 'bisecting' (although the two parts were not always identical in size) an in vitro contractile vacuole established their own independent rounding-slackening cycles. (biologists.com)
An additional rounding phase of the in vitro contractile vacuole could be induced by applying suction to a portion of its membrane with a micropipette when the contractile vacuole was in its slackened phase. (biologists.com)
This suggests that maximum tension development in the contractile vacuole membrane can be triggered when tension is increased in any part of the contractile vacuole membrane. (biologists.com)
This implies that there is no master pacemaker to control the rounding-slackening cycle in the contractile vacuole membrane. (biologists.com)
Thus, membrane derived from the radial arm seems to be identical in its tension-developing properties with the contractile vacuole membrane. (biologists.com)
Ryanodine is an ion channel, embedded in an internal membrane within the muscle cell, that surrounds a pocket of calcium ions. (the-scientist.com)
For every heartbeat, each cardiac muscle cell receives electrical impulse initiated and propagated from the sinoatrial node for membrane depolarization to trigger calcium influx and additional calcium release from internal stores, that together initiate contraction. (case.edu)

If the Titin protein in humans and animals is longer in size than in invertebrates, how long does this Titin protein extend during muscle contractions as well as when the muscle relaxes? (southalabama.edu)
If you recall, ATP is important because it is needed for muscles to relax in between contractions. (scienceblogs.com)
Young (3 months) (n=10) and old (30 months) (n=9) rats were subjected to 14 sessions of electrically evoked resistance training using stretch-shortening contractions of the left limb that activated the dorsiflexor muscle group, including the tibialis anterior muscle, while the right side served as the intra-animal control. (cdc.gov)
This disorder impairs the activity of smooth muscles throughout the body and leads to widespread problems including blood vessel abnormalities, decreased response of the pupils to light, a weak (hypotonic) bladder, and impairment of the muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract (hypoperistalsis). (medlineplus.gov)

Titin is a giant protein that spans a half-sarcomere from the Z-disc to the M-line. (frontiersin.org)

Skeletal alpha actin expression is induced by stimuli and conditions known to cause muscle formation. (wikipedia.org)

Gabbi's project will explore how the structural properties of muscle contribute to its contractile and force producing properties. (southalabama.edu)

Differences in mechanical and fatigue properties of diaphragm motor units are the result of expression of different contractile proteins and mitochondrial volume densities in corresponding muscle fiber types. (mayo.edu)
The researchers also found that inhibiting certain HDACs in the muscle could be a way to help animals (and perhaps people) adapt to sustained exercise by increasing the presence of slow muscle fiber types. (scienceblogs.com)
In addition, they predict that increased expression of slow muscle fiber types may be beneficial to the treatment of diseases that affect muscles such as muscular dystrophy. (scienceblogs.com)

Human proteins are all made of twenty amino acids. (medicinenet.com)
Protein you eat is broken down in the intestines into amino acids. (medicinenet.com)
This is an advantage of protein meals or supplements containing these amino acids. (medicinenet.com)
Muscles have the enzyme branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase (BCAT), which enables them to use these amino acids. (medicinenet.com)
These amino acids are not only used to make muscle proteins but also stimulate their formation. (medicinenet.com)
Like other amino acids and proteins, BCAAs can be metabolized to generate energy under difficult situations. (medicinenet.com)
These proteins provide all the essential amino acids, including isoleucine, leucine, and valine (the BCAAs). (medicinenet.com)
Soy protein also contains all the essential amino acids. (medicinenet.com)
Vegetarian and vegan diets can provide BCAAs and other essential amino acids if you eat a mix of proteins from different plant sources. (medicinenet.com)
Polymer: Protein or polypeptide - A peptide is a chain of amino acids, so a polypeptide is several chains put together. (slideshare.net)
Leucine and the other branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), isoleucine and valine, escape liver metabolism and can directly and significantly influence muscle protein metabolism. (getbig.com)

Researchers have long had tools to look at nucleic acids at the single-cell level, but studying single cells' proteins hasn't been as easy. (acs.org)
But proteins are a tougher challenge than nucleic acids. (acs.org)

In contrast to the scleroproteins, the contractile proteins are soluble in salt solutions and susceptible to enzymatic digestion . (britannica.com)
Electrophoresis of myofibrils and muscle homogenates on higher percentage gels also failed to demonstrate any significant differences between arm and cone regions in either the myosin light chains or any of the major insoluble and soluble contractile proteins. (duke.edu)

Dulhunty had set up electrophysiology experiments on a receptor from mammalian cardiac muscle fiber to measure its activity, and her initial measurements on the receptor's activity were going nicely. (the-scientist.com)

Myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) is a muscle regulatory protein that speeds actomyosin cycling kinetics in response to adrenaline (b-adrenergic stimuli) and is one of the two most commonly affected proteins linked to HCM. (bio5.org)

I'm examining the impact of thick filament protein components on muscle assembly and how these protein components effect muscle contractile dynamics. (southalabama.edu)
We have engineered C. elegans organisms to express fluorescent markers on thick filament proteins. (southalabama.edu)

Our research is focused on elucidating the structure and function of titin and nebulin, two large filamentous proteins found in muscle. (bio5.org)

Leucine, one of the BCAAs, is believed to control the pathways in the cells involved in making protein. (medicinenet.com)
The innervation of muscle cells, or fibres, permits an animal to carry out the normal activities of life. (britannica.com)
Muscle cells fuel their actions by converting chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is derived from the metabolism of food, into mechanical energy . (britannica.com)
In humans the muscle systems are classified by gross appearance and location of cells. (britannica.com)
PRISM/PRDM6, a transcriptional repressor that promotes the proliferative gene program in smooth muscle cells. (nih.gov)
Dulhunty and her colleagues were studying how the ryanodine receptor, a type of protein receptor, functions in muscle cells. (the-scientist.com)
On a whim, she decided to add the enzyme glutathione transferase to the muscle cells' medium, just because the chemical was sitting on the lab bench next to her. (the-scientist.com)
Dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) protein like elastin and collagen and depletion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the aortic wall are believed as the main histopathological findings [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Oenema TA , Smit M, Smedinga L, Racke K, Halayko AJ, Meurs H, Gosens R. Muscarinic receptor stimulation augments TGF-beta1-induced contractile protein expression by airway smooth muscle cells. (rug.nl)
Pera T , Atmaj C, van der Vegt M, Halayko AJ, Zaagsma J, Meurs H. Role for TAK1 in cigarette smoke-induced proinflammatory signaling and IL-8 release by human airway smooth muscle cells. (rug.nl)
Individual cells' proteins vary. (acs.org)
People have been able to detect a handful of proteins in individual cells using fluorescence- or antibody-based methods. (acs.org)
Muscle is known to regenerate through a complex process that involves several steps and depends on stem cells. (scitechdaily.com)
Skeletal muscle tissue, the organ responsible for locomotion, is formed by cells that have more than one nucleus, an almost unique feature in our body. (scitechdaily.com)
Despite the plasticity of muscle cells, their contraction can be accompanied by muscle damage. (scitechdaily.com)
actin is a ubiquitous contractile protein that can be found in non-muscle cells. (medscape.com)
Smooth muscle α-2 actin is found in smooth muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Layers of smooth muscle cells are found in the walls of the arteries, which are blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
The vascular endothelium is formed by a sheet of endothelial cells tethered together by junctional proteins such as tight and adherens junctions. (bvsalud.org)
Lower MNDs affect the anterior horn cells or cranial nerve motor nuclei or their efferent axons to the skeletal muscles. (msdmanuals.com)
Spinal Muscular Atrophies (SMAs) Spinal muscular atrophies include several types of hereditary disorders characterized by skeletal muscle wasting due to progressive degeneration of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and. (msdmanuals.com)

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. (wikipedia.org)

Dekkers BG , Pehlic A, Mariani R, Bos IS, Meurs H, Zaagsma J. Glucocorticosteroids and beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonists Synergize to Inhibit Airway Smooth Muscle Remodeling. (rug.nl)

Actin, alpha skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTA1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
One key transcription factor that activates skeletal actin gene expression is Serum Response Factor ("SRF"), a protein that binds to specific sites on the promoter DNA of the actin gene. (wikipedia.org)
SRF may bring a number of other proteins to the promoter of skeletal actin, such as androgen receptor, and thereby contribute to induction of skeletal actin gene expression by androgenic (often termed "anabolic") steroids. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional repressor and a member of the PRDM family. (nih.gov)
These results indicate that forced Akt1 signaling causes hypertrophy of cultured airway myocytes without inducing further contractile phenotypic maturation, possibly because of opposing effects on contractile protein gene transcription and translation, and suggest that natural activation of Akt1 plays a similar role in asthmatic ASM. (nih.gov)
The Xenopus cardiac myosin light chain 2 gene (XMLC2) encodes a contractile protein localised exclusively to the heart of the embryo. (ucl.ac.uk)
To identify the regulatory sequences responsible for cardiac muscle-specific expression of XMLC2,1 investigated the sequences immediately upstream of the gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Transgenic frog technology indicates that the 3kb 5' proximal promoter fragment can direct cardiac muscle-specific reporter expression during Xenopus embryogenesis, reproducing the normal expression pattern of the endogenous gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Gel shift experiments reveal that the four consensus MEF2 sites in the 5' flanking region of the XMLC2 gene bind Xenopus MEF2D protein. (ucl.ac.uk)
The cardiac α-actin gene is a contractile protein expressed concomitantly in the somitic and cardiac muscle during Xenopus embryogenesis. (ucl.ac.uk)
The ACTA2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called smooth muscle alpha (α)-2 actin, which is part of the actin protein family. (medlineplus.gov)
At least one mutation in the ACTA2 gene causes multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
It is unclear why this ACTA2 gene mutation has effects on smooth muscles throughout the body while others affect only the aorta. (medlineplus.gov)

The second major area of investigation is to understand the role of cytoskeleton proteins, desmin and vimentin in smooth muscle contraction and mitochondrial respiration. (jefferson.edu)
My long term goal of this project is to elucidate our understanding of the mechanism by which desmin and vimentin induces mitochondrial and muscle dysfunction under pathological conditions in smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)

Control of actin filament lengths and dynamics is important for cell motility and architecture and is regulated in part by capping proteins that block elongation and depolymerization at both the fast-growing (barbed) and slow-growing (pointed) ends of the filaments. (bio5.org)

The total amount of muscle proteins in mammals, including humans, exceeds that of any other protein. (britannica.com)
It has been shown that muscle protein synthetic rate (MPS) is elevated in humans by 50% at 4 hrs following a bout of heavy resistance training, and by 109% at 24 hrs following training. (researchgate.net)
Researchers used different in vitro models of injury and models of exercise in mice and humans to observe that upon injury, nuclei are attracted to the damage site, accelerating the repair of the contractile units. (scitechdaily.com)

Module analysis revealed that TAD was associated with significant pathways including cell cycle, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, a 3kb XMLC2 transgene directs heart restricted expression during murine embryogenesis, and is active in cultured cardiomyocytes, but not in a skeletal muscle cell line. (ucl.ac.uk)

Spain) and published on October 15, 2021, in the scientific journal Science describes a new mechanism for muscle regeneration after physiological damage relying on the rearrangement of nuclei. (scitechdaily.com)
William Roman, main author of the study and researcher at iMM and UPF Barcelona, explains: "Even in physiological conditions, regeneration is vital for muscle to endure the mechanical stress of contraction, which often leads to cellular damage. (scitechdaily.com)

Hemoglobin , another protein, transports oxygen to every cell. (medicinenet.com)

During contraction the S filaments shorten, so that the actin filaments slide toward each other, past the myosin filaments, thus causing a shortening of the muscle (for a detailed description of the process, see muscle: Striated muscle ). (britannica.com)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) mediated signaling smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)
The rate and intensity of the contraction is moderated by catecholamines that act through G protein-coupled b-adrenergic receptors. (case.edu)

Skeletal muscle troponin was not phosphorylated by this enzyme in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
Dietary leucine serves as a substrate for muscle metabolism during periods of cellular energy depletion, thereby sparing critical contractile and enzyme muscle protein from degradation to supply leucine requirements. (getbig.com)

Titin is a giant protein that is critical for muscle assembly as well as contraction and relaxation. (southalabama.edu)
What is the structure of Titin like, springy and stretchy, or is it straight and firm when the muscle contracts and relaxes? (southalabama.edu)
In the I-band part skeletal muscle titin is composed of a series of proximal Ig-domains, the N2A-domain (including the N2-A unique sequence), the PEVK domain [high abundance of proline (P), glutamic acid (E), valine (V), and lysine (K)] and the distal Ig-domains. (frontiersin.org)

Muscle wet weight of the left tibialis anterior increased by 15.6% in young animals compared to the untrained right side, while the aged rats demonstrated no significant hypertrophy based on muscle wet weight. (cdc.gov)

These results suggest that BC3H1 is a skeletal muscle cell line of ectodermal origin that is defective for commitment to terminal differentiation. (silverchair.com)

Although the functions of several muscle proteins have been reported to be affected by these processes, it still remains to be determined whether the thiol oxidation levels of these and other proteins increase with fatiguing muscle stimulation, and whether this is an important mechanism of ROS-mediated muscle fatigue. (edu.au)
The enzymes that run all metabolic processes of your body are proteins. (medicinenet.com)

muscle , contractile tissue found in animals , the function of which is to produce motion . (britannica.com)
Muscle is contractile tissue grouped into coordinated systems for greater efficiency . (britannica.com)
Striated muscle is almost exclusively attached to the skeleton and constitutes the bulk of the body's muscle tissue. (britannica.com)
Unlike leucine, however, dietary KIC affects the liver to a greater extent than muscle tissue. (getbig.com)
If present in the patient's serum, antibodies attach to smooth-muscle antigens on the rodent tissue specimens. (medscape.com)
In this pilot study, skeletal muscle tissue from pigs was degraded at two different controlled temperatures, 21 °C and 6 °C, and analysed at predefined times points: 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. (bvsalud.org)

The long-term goals of this project are to elucidate the role of GPCR mediated signaling in smooth muscle contraction and proliferation under pathophysiological conditions. (jefferson.edu)

Using EDL muscle preparations from rats, this thesis provides evidence that reversible protein thiol oxidation plays a more important role than protein carbonylation in muscle fatigue. (edu.au)
Firstly, total protein thiol oxidation level increases in response to fatiguing stimulation, but not following sustained non-fatiguing stimulation. (edu.au)
Secondly, unlike protein carbonylation responses, the recovery of muscle contractile performance after fatiguing stimulation is accompanied by a return of total protein thiol oxidation to pre-stimulation level. (edu.au)
Thirdly, both muscle fatigue and total protein thiol oxidation level are more pronounced when fatiguing stimulation takes place in the presence of the thiol oxidising agent, diamide. (edu.au)
Fourthly, muscle contraction performed with the thiol reducing agent, dithiotreitol (DTT), decreases the magnitude of both muscle fatigue and total protein thiol oxidation level without affecting protein carbonylation level. (edu.au)
The energy required for muscle contraction is provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates or lipids. (britannica.com)

however, constitutively active Akt1 did not cause disproportionate overaccumulation of smooth muscle (sm) α-actin and SM22. (nih.gov)
Altered contractile-protein expression and increased smooth-muscle cell (SMC) proliferation are characteristics of various disease conditions including hypertension, asthma, and intestine and bladder pathologies. (jefferson.edu)
The cellular activity of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) determines the agonist-induced force development in smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)
Both calcium- and Ca2+ sensitization- mediated contraction plays role in G-protein signaling during smooth-muscle contraction. (jefferson.edu)
Mitochondria and smooth muscle contraction: Role of desmin cytoskeleton protein. (jefferson.edu)
Cernecka H , Veizerova L, Mensikova L, Svetlik J, Krenek P. Selective inhibitory action of Biginelli-type dihydropyrimidines on depolarization-induced arterial smooth muscle contraction. (rug.nl)
Negative titers for anti-smooth-muscle antibody (ASMA) are expected in healthy individuals. (medscape.com)
Smooth-muscle antibodies were first discovered in 1965 by Johnson et al when they demonstrated that antibodies in the sera of patients with chronic liver disease were able to bind to the smooth muscle of rat stomachs. (medscape.com)
In 1973, Gabbiani et al suggested that smooth-muscle antibodies were probably towards actin when they demonstrated elimination of all smooth-muscle antibody activity in the sera of 5 patients with chronic active hepatitis using a preparation of platelet-derived actin called thrombosthenin A. (medscape.com)
[ 11 ] Further studies showed that tubular smooth-muscle antibody (SMA-T) and glomerular smooth-muscle antibody (SMA-G) immunofluorescence staining patterns, which predominantly react with filamentous actin (F-actin), were the main antigenic moiety of smooth-muscle antibodies. (medscape.com)
The earliest experiments for detection of smooth-muscle antibodies involved indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). (medscape.com)
Smooth muscle α-2 actin contributes to the ability of these muscles to contract, which allows the arteries to maintain their shape instead of stretching out as blood is pumped through them. (medlineplus.gov)
The mutation that causes multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome replaces the amino acid arginine with the amino acid histidine at protein position 179, written as Arg179His or R179H. (medlineplus.gov)
This mutation results in impaired contraction of smooth muscles in many organs, leading to the signs and symptoms of multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)

Truncated] There is mounting evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the development of muscle fatigue. (edu.au)
BCAAs also help in fatigue recovery and reduction of exercise-induced muscle damage. (medicinenet.com)
Dr. Sieck's laboratory was the first to characterize the contractile and fatigue properties of different diaphragm motor unit types and to show how these motor units are recruited to accomplish different ventilatory and higher force, expulsive motor behaviors of the diaphragm. (mayo.edu)
The switch to becoming more tolerant of endurance exercise (i.e resistant to fatigue) happened in two ways: their muscles made more ATP, while the muscle demand for ATP was reduced. (scienceblogs.com)

By MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we identified this protein to be cMyBP-C. These data were confirmed by immunostaining using the p-PKD-Ser744/748 antibody, which displayed a striated pattern similar to the one observ ed for a regular cMyBP-C antibody. (scirp.org)

KIC is the branched chain keto acid of leucine, and it occurs naturally in muscle and liver metabolism. (getbig.com)

Three years after the initial discovery, they found that another protein structurally related to glutathione transferases, a chloride intracellular ion channel, CLIC-2, could also dampen the activity of the ryanodine receptor in the heart. (the-scientist.com)

Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
We find that RBPs exhibit dynamic temporal and fiber-type specific expression patterns in mRNA-Seq data and display muscle-specific phenotypes. (uni-muenchen.de)
An SRF binding site (CArG box 1) in the 580bp cardiac α-actin promoter is necessary but not sufficient for high level muscle-specific expression. (ucl.ac.uk)
Scholars@Duke publication: Longitudinal variation in muscle protein expression and contraction kinetics of largemouth bass axial muscle. (duke.edu)
Longitudinal variation in muscle protein expression and contraction kinetics of largemouth bass axial muscle. (duke.edu)
The present study investigates muscle protein expression in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides through intra- and intermyomeric comparisons of white muscle. (duke.edu)
Using denaturing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, muscle protein expression in the arm and cone regions of sequential myomeres was compared for three bass. (duke.edu)

Anatomy52

Organisms16

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs85

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science3

Health Care4

Isoforms7

Kinase13

Troponin and tropomyosin1

Actin and myosin2

Phenotype4

Sarcomeres3

Tropomyosin3

Mechanisms14

Molecular5

Phosphorylation10

Heart and skeletal muscle1

Regulation7

Apparatus4

Physiology9

Genes6

Mutations3

Fibers8

Isoform3

Synthesis5

Membrane10

Contractions4

Sarcomere1

Alpha actin1

Structural1

Fiber types3

Amino acids11

NUCLEIC ACIDS2

Soluble2

Mammalian1

Myosin-binding1

Thick filament2

Nebulin1

Cells21

Actins1

Airway smooth1

Gene13

Mitochondrial2

Cell motility1

Humans3

Cardiomyocytes2

Physiological2

Hemoglobin1

Filaments1

Receptors2

Enzyme2

Titin3

Hypertrophy1

Skeletal muscle cell line1

Processes2

Tissue6

GPCR1

Oxidation6

Smooth muscle14

Fatigue4

Antibody1

Leucine1

Another protein1

Expression7