Contractile function alterations muscle relaxation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Normal function of the heart involves proper coordination between the contraction and relaxation of cardiomyocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Proper contraction and relaxation depends on the coordinated rise and fall of Ca2+ in the cytosol of the cardiomyocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Giuseppe PG, Pace G, Vicentini C. Sexual problems among women and 40 years or 12 weeks, followed by sildenafil was tested in a sleep disorder, cognitive impairment, as well as other specified sexual dysfunction and diabetes represent major etiological factor for major surgical reconstruction of penile smooth muscle contraction and relaxation responses in vascular smooth muscle. (adishaktitheatrearts.com)
Defined as rhythmic contraction and relaxation of large muscle groups over an extended period of time, aerobic exercises have been shown to improve physical capabilities in cancer patients. (efdeportes.com)
With collapse of equilibrium between contraction and relaxation of self gravity, stronger force of extrinsic gravity makes living mass inert non-living. (webmedcentral.com)
For example, adenoviral vectors can be used to introduce genes encoding calcium-handling proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling, which is essential for proper contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle cells. (aliyuncs.com)

A reason for this is that 2D ultrasonographic measurements, like FT, are merely able to measure the deformation of muscular diaphragmatic tissue in the transverse direction, while longitudinal measurements in the direction of contracting muscle fibres are not possible. (e-ultrasonography.org)
It reflects myofibrils/muscle tissue during movement (i.e., contraction/relaxation), approximating contractile function [ 3 , 4 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Rejuvenation therapies aim to reverse or repair age-related cellular changes such as molecular waste, calcification , tissue stiffening , loss of stem cell function , genetic alterations, and impaired energy production . (fightaging.org)
Muscle tissue also helps maintain posture and produce heat. (medscape.com)
The computational results simulating the effects of transmural alterations in the ventricular tissue replicate the phenotypic patterns of LV dysfunction observed in clinical practice. (frontiersin.org)
The inner mucosal layer consists of squamous epithelium and underlying connective tissue, within which lies a longitudinally oriented muscle layer called the muscularis mucosa. (nature.com)
Latest studies have successfully shown the presence of PAC1 receptor in cardiomyocyte cell cultures and in heart muscle sections, furthermore, the expression of its mRNA was also detected in mouse heart tissue samples. (hungarica.eu)
The right and left coronary arteries branch from the ascending aorta and, through their branches (anterior and posterior interventricular, marginal and circumflex arteries), supply the heart muscle (myocardial) tissue. (medscape.com)
Delivery of oxygen-rich blood to the myocardial tissue occurs during the heart relaxation phase (see the image below). (medscape.com)
I insert into the relevant sections from the Handbook of Food Chemistry, a section dealing with " Intramuscular Connective Tissue in Muscle Function " by Purslow (2020). (earthwormexpress.com)
Electron micrograph of a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers wrapped in connective tissue. (earthwormexpress.com)
2010). Connective tissue structures define the organization of muscle. (earthwormexpress.com)
The types and characteristics of muscle fiber and connective tissue proteins are described in the next sections. (earthwormexpress.com)
Smooth muscle tissue occurs in the hollow visceral organs, such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages. (earthwormexpress.com)
The extracellular matrix (ECM), and especially the connective tissue with its collagen, links tissues of the body together and plays an important role in the force transmission and tissue structure maintenance especially in tendons, ligaments, bone, and muscle. (fasciaguide.com)
Full understanding of these physiological processes will provide the physiological basis for understanding of tissue overloading and injury seen in both tendons and muscle with repetitive work and leisure time physical activity. (fasciaguide.com)
Investigators currently employ a variety of established methods for answering such questions, but are often experimentally hampered by unique inherent heterogeneity between muscle groups and cells within the same muscle tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
In obesity without co-morbidities, tissue phase mapping has shown subclinical changes in systolic and diastolic function. (docksci.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
By enhancing blood supply to the damaged heart tissue, these therapeutic genes can potentially improve cardiac function and reduce symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue. (aliyuncs.com)

They have elongated cells, like skeletal muscles, but no striation. (earthwormexpress.com)
First, we characterized the FDB phenotype and provide reference comparisons to skeletal muscles commonly used in the field. (biomedcentral.com)

The cardiac cycle refers to events that occur during one heart beat and is split into ventricular systole (contraction/ejection phase) and diastole (relaxation/filling phase). (medscape.com)
1) Relationships between left ventricular mechano-energetic function and underlying cellular processes, with a special emphasis on contractile and regulatory proteins and post-translational regulation of cardiac contraction (e.g., via phosphorylation or acetylation). (pitt.edu)
a measure of ventricular contractile function) in PAH patients [ 1 - 6 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The pathological consequences associated with normal cardiovascular aging include hypertrophy, altered left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function, heart failure, enhanced arterial stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which can alter the structure and function of the heart and arterial system [ 5 , 6 ] . (oaepublish.com)

Measuring diaphragmatic contractility using speckle tracking provides new insights into postoperative changes in diaphragmatic function better than 2D sonographic measurements. (e-ultrasonography.org)
In recent years the picture that has emerged is definitely one in which cMyBP-C is definitely a key determinant of the rate and push of cardiac contraction a summary drawn from alterations in contractility that have been observed as a consequence of phosphorylation ablation or mutation of the protein. (biopaqc.com)
Important mechanisms to adapt to an increase in pressure include increased muscle mass and enhanced intrinsic myocyte contractility. (ersjournals.com)

We quantified alterations in myocardial function in a mathematical model of the human LV that is based on the finite element method. (frontiersin.org)
Such mechanisms would ensure that power generation and the effectiveness of myocardial contraction are ideal in an individual at rest but provides substantial contractile reserve for enhanced function when the heart is definitely stressed by raises in circulatory weight or neuro-humoral firmness. (biopaqc.com)

DE:TOX is useful to improve the conditions of alteration of the lymphatic vascular system and to support the physiological functionality of the lymphatic endothelium. (kirosdiet.com)

Among patients hospitalized for an HF incident, 47% had HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or systolic function, which is the focus of this paper. (frontiersin.org)
Systolic function was not different between normal and obese subjects (LVEF 67 ± 5 vs 68 ± 4, p = 0.22). (docksci.com)
Although there is a clear relationship between obesity and heart failure on a population level [4], the majority of smaller cohort studies report that obesity itself has little or no effect on global measures of systolic function such as LV ejection fraction [5]. (docksci.com)
Whilst obesity related subclinical impairment of LV systolic and diastolic function [6] may precede the development of overt systolic failure, there are no long term prospective studies to demonstrate this. (docksci.com)
As a result, detecting early changes in systolic function is likely to be important in identifying those at risk of developing heart failure. (docksci.com)

Vascular SMCs exist in diverse phenotypes and exhibit phenotypic plasticity, e.g. changing from a quiescent/contractile phenotype to an active, myofibroblast-like, frequently called a "synthetic" phenotype. (rochester.edu)
To understand the specific cyclic nucleotide signaling responsible for SMC phenotypic alteration, we have performed initial discovery screening for PDE isozymes that are differentially expressed in contractile versus synthetic SMCs. (rochester.edu)

The outer muscular coat, known as the muscularis propria, is involved in bolus transport and consists of an inner layer of circularly oriented muscle fibers and an outer layer of longitudinally oriented fibers. (nature.com)

Peristalsis in the striated muscle part of the esophagus is dependent on central mechanisms, involving sequential activation of vagal lower motor neurons in the vagal nucleus ambiguus. (nature.com)
Peristalsis in the smooth muscle of the esophagus is dependent on both central and peripheral mechanisms. (nature.com)
In patients with cancer, there are three major nutritional/ energy mechanisms that may be involved in fatigue: alteration in the body's ability to process nutrients efficiently, increase in the body's energy requirements, and decrease in intake of energy sources. (efdeportes.com)
Conclusions: More research is needed on the functioning of the aerodigestive protective mechanisms in critically ill patients. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
The ability to assess skeletal muscle function and delineate regulatory mechanisms is essential to uncovering therapeutic approaches that preserve functional independence in a disease state. (biomedcentral.com)
To date, surprisingly few studies have taken advantage of the FDB to investigate mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle function. (biomedcentral.com)
The results highlight the experimental flexibility afforded the investigator by using the FDB muscle to assess mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle function. (biomedcentral.com)
Defining the mechanisms that regulate the development of skeletal muscle dysfunction is critical for designing therapeutic interventions. (biomedcentral.com)

Skeletal muscle consists of fibers (cells). (medscape.com)
Muscle cells, called muscle fibers, are long, narrow, very specialized cells covered by the cell membrane (sarcolemma), whose cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) contains the organelles and the structures responsible of muscle contraction, the myofibrils. (earthwormexpress.com)
As muscle is converted to meat, the muscle fibers modify their metabolism in order to adapt to the new conditions (absence of oxygen and nutrient supply, lack of residues removing), and as a consequence, many changes occur. (earthwormexpress.com)
Skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated, called muscle fibers and cardiac muscle cells are not. (earthwormexpress.com)
Skeletal muscle fibers are the longest muscle cells and have striations or stripes. (earthwormexpress.com)
Zenker's diverticulum is protruding of the mucosa and submucosa through the posterior hypopharyngeal wall at an area of muscular weakness ( Killian's dehiscence ) between the lower fibers of the inferior constrictor muscle and the upper fibers of the cricopharyngeus. (abdominalkey.com)
The FDB is made up of small predominantly type IIa and IIx fibers that collectively produce less peak isometric force than the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) or soleus muscles, but demonstrates a greater fatigue resistance than the EDL. (biomedcentral.com)

In women, the values of muscle strength, pulmonary ventilation, and cardiac output (all variables related with muscle mass) are generally 60-75% of the exercise physiology values recorded in men. (medscape.com)
It functions as a pump supplying blood to the body and accepting it in return for transmission to the pulmonary circuit for gas exchange. (medscape.com)
The pulmonary circuit is on the right side of the heart and serves the function of gas exchange. (medscape.com)

Variable resistance training (VRT) methods improve the rate of force development (RFD), coordination between antagonist and synergist muscles, the recruitment of motor units, and reduce the drop in force produced in the sticking region. (researchgate.net)
It is speculated that due to peripheral polyneuropathy arising out of diabetes, diabetic urethropathy possibly contributes to deterioration of voiding function by altering the integrity of urethra vesicle coordination. (jhrr.org)
The urinary sphincter also may be affected, resulting in sphincter underactivity or overactivity and loss of sphincter coordination with bladder function. (medscape.com)

The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (hindawi.com)

Striations result from the complex organization of the myofibrillar proteins, responsible for the muscle contraction. (earthwormexpress.com)
All of these alterations have deep effects on muscle proteins and also on proteolytic enzyme systems (Huff Lonergan et al. (earthwormexpress.com)

Dementia is the loss of cognitive functioning-thinking, remembering, and reasoning-and behavioral abilities to such an extent that it interferes with a person's daily life and activities. (thebiomatshop.com)

It is conceivable that NPG is associated with a generalised vascular defect which produces alterations in both the ocular and systemic circulations. (bmj.com)

The vascular endothelium modulates contractile responses to 5-HT and ET-1 in human subcutaneous resistance arteries but this effect is lost in patients with NPG, indicating a selective defect in agonist mediated release of endothelium derived vasodilators. (bmj.com)
Unaccostumed overloading responses suggest an important role of ECM in the adaptation of myofibrillar structures in adult muscle. (fasciaguide.com)
H 2 S has been described to participate in several physiological processes, such as neurotransmission, inflammation and immune reactions, gastrointestinal function, cancer development, and cardiovascular responses [ 20 , 28 , 29 ]. (hindawi.com)
By harnessing these viral vectors' ability to efficiently infect both dividing and non-dividing cells, scientists can introduce specific genes into diseased tissues and initiate targeted cellular responses aimed at restoring normal physiological functions. (aliyuncs.com)

Our research programs have been among the pioneers in elucidating the function, regulation, and underlying mechanism of different PDE activation/ inhibition in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. (rochester.edu)
Cardiovascular benefits of exercise for cancer patients were shown to be evident in patients that had no signs of impaired cardiac function before cancer treatment. (efdeportes.com)
2) The role of pulsatile arterial load (vascular stiffness in particular) in cardiovascular function. (pitt.edu)

Endothelium dependent and independent relaxation was not impaired in arteries from patients. (bmj.com)
9 Impaired systemic vascular function has been demonstrated in patients with NPG in whom blood flow in the fingers is reduced 10, 11 (both under basal conditions and following cold provocation) and endothelium dependent vasodilatation in the forearm is impaired. (bmj.com)
Treatment with NaHS in Pb-induced hypertension seems to induce a protective role in rat aorta which is dependent on endothelium and seems to promote non-NO-mediated relaxation. (hindawi.com)

Due to its anatomical location, the FDB can be used in cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury protocols and is amenable to electroporation of cDNA with a high degree of efficiency allowing for an effective means of genetic manipulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Skeletal muscle is susceptible to a number of genetic, environmental, and age-related pathologies that impair the tissue's normal mechanical and metabolic function. (biomedcentral.com)

Now, there is a large body of literature that indicates H 2 S as a gasotransmitter with important physiological functions [ 20 - 25 ]. (hindawi.com)

Within membrane bound volume of mass, build up and break down mechanism through anabolism and catabolism of metabolic energy causes a change in the amount of mass per unit volume at particular instant leading to contraction out of gravitational potential energy and relaxation due to inertia plus kinetic energy of metabolic activity, develops pressure with gain or release of temperature. (webmedcentral.com)

Another example of a smooth muscle from Michigan Histology and Vistual Microscopy. (earthwormexpress.com)
These muscles each offer unique advantages across a host of methodologies including measuring isometric force production, susceptibility to muscle injury, mitochondrial respiration, protein content, and histology. (biomedcentral.com)

However, compared to DBD, little is known about the effects of persistent hyperglycemia on urethral function. (jhrr.org)
The PMC coordinates the urethral sphincter relaxation and detrusor contraction to facilitate urination. (medscape.com)

This study aimed to determine whether the function of systemic resistance arteries was altered in patients with NPG. (bmj.com)
Methods: Contractile and relaxant function was assessed in arteries dissected from gluteal fat biopsies (11 NPG, 12 control) using small vessel myography. (bmj.com)
Mulvany MJ, Aalkiaer C: Structure and function of small arteries. (karger.com)

A small portion of muscle with arterial branches and capillaries. (nobelprize.org)
Nifedipine is a peripheral arterial vasodilator which acts directly on vascular smooth muscle. (nih.gov)

Through contraction, muscle provides motion of the body (skeletal muscle), motion of blood (cardiac muscle), and motion of hollow organs such as the uterus, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and bladder (smooth muscle). (medscape.com)
The main function of the esophagus is to propel swallowed food or fluid into the stomach. (nature.com)
The food bolus is rapidly pushed toward the esophagus by the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. (nature.com)
Increased flow resistance during swallow results in high pressure between the pharynx and esophagus, which facilitates the pouch formation in the area where the muscle is weak. (abdominalkey.com)

The peripheral mechanism involves regional differences in the inhibitory and excitatory intramural nerves and intrinsic properties of the muscle. (nature.com)
Polyporus increases urine production and stimulates sodium and chlorine excretion, without a concomitant loss of potassium, which protects muscles and nerves, as it happens with the use of normal diuretics. (kirosdiet.com)

cAMP and cGMP regulate a wide variety of cardiac functions, from the short-term effects on myocyte contraction/ relaxation to long-term effects such as gene expression and structural remodeling ( Figure 2 ). (rochester.edu)

In this review, we focus on the role of cardiomyocyte-derived and cardiac fibroblast-derived microRNAs that are involved in the regulation of genes associated with cardiomyocyte and fibroblast function and in atherosclerosis-related cardiac ischemia. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
The SERCA2a transporter is found in the membrane of the SR and plays an important role in this cycle by removing cytosolic Ca2+ from the cardiomyocyte and pumping it back into the SR during relaxation of the heart (diastole). (wikipedia.org)

The systemic circuit originates in the left side of the heart and functions by receiving oxygen-laden blood into the left atrium from the lungs and flows one way down into the left ventricle via the mitral valve. (medscape.com)

Esophageal peristalsis results from sequential contraction of circular muscle, which serves to push the ingested food bolus toward the stomach. (nature.com)
Concurrently, there is activation of muscles that lift the palate and close off and elevate the larynx in order to prevent misdirection of the bolus into the nasopharynx and larynx, respectively. (nature.com)

Speckle tracking ultrasonography, which is widely used in cardiac imaging, overcomes this disadvantage and allows observations of movement in the direction of the contracting muscle fibres, approximating muscle deformation and the deformation velocity. (e-ultrasonography.org)
In a muscle the capillaries run along the length of the muscle fibres, as shown in Fig. 1, and the oxygen in the blood has to diffuse through the wall of the capillary into the muscle substance. (nobelprize.org)

Alternatively, it can be due to weak pharyngeal propulsion alone or in addition to failed UES relaxation. (abdominalkey.com)

In conclusion, the long-term hyperglycemic state may result in structural and functional changes in urinary bladder and urethra, contributing to deterioration of lower urinary tract coordinated function. (jhrr.org)
This strategy holds promise for restoring normal contractile function and preventing further deterioration of heart function. (aliyuncs.com)

Cardiac muscle cells are branching striated, uninucleate (single nucleus) cells that contain myofibrils. (medscape.com)
Myofibrils are cylindrical structures made up of repeated units known as sarcomeres that cause the striated appearance of muscle when meat is observed by electron microscopy. (earthwormexpress.com)

Electrical stimuli: Applying electrical stimuli between cardiac and smooth muscle cells causes the muscles to contract. (medscape.com)
Hormonal stimuli: Oxytocin stimulates smooth muscle in the uterus to contract during labor . (medscape.com)
There is then a transition zone where striated and smooth muscle intermix. (nature.com)
The lower esophageal sphincter ( LES ) and the distal one half to two thirds of the esophageal body are composed of smooth muscle. (nature.com)
Nifedipine is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (slow-channel blocker or calcium ion antagonist) and inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. (nih.gov)
The contractile processes of cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle are dependent upon the movement of extracellular calcium ions into these cells through specific ion channels. (nih.gov)
Nifedipine selectively inhibits calcium ion influx across the cell membrane of cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle without altering serum calcium concentrations. (nih.gov)
The increased peripheral vascular resistance that is an underlying cause of hypertension results from an increase in active tension in the vascular smooth muscle. (nih.gov)
The binding of nifedipine to voltage-dependent and possibly receptor-operated channels in vascular smooth muscle results in an inhibition of calcium influx through these channels. (nih.gov)
Stores of intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle are limited and thus dependent upon the influx of extracellular calcium for contraction to occur. (nih.gov)
β 2 -AR agonists prevent bronchial airway smooth muscle (ASM) constriction increasing the production of cyclic AMP, the primary mediator of relaxation in the ASM cell [ 5 , 6 ]. (ersjournals.com)

In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
Other abnormalities such as biventricular diastolic dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction and increased carotid intima media thickness are present even in young ADPKD patients with normal blood pressure and well-preserved renal function. (jscimedcentral.com)

A perspective in the study of fatigue focuses on the reduction in skeletal muscle protein stores that may result from endogenous tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or from TNF administered as therapy. (efdeportes.com)

We used a novel flow bioreactor culture to investigate alteration of AV opening or closure on leaflet genes.Culture of rat AV was conducted in a flow bioreactor for 7 days at 37°C under conditions approximating the normal stroke volume. (stanford.edu)

Using the α-myosin heavy chain gene promoter in the cardiac muscle cells, also called cardiomyocytes, Mydicar is able to direct the gene expression only to the heart muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Skeletal muscle is actually formed by the fusion of hundreds of embryonic cells. (medscape.com)
The studies focusing on the oxidative stress-induced damages verified the cardioprotective theory and showed that both endogenous PACAP production and exogenous PACAP treatment leaded to decreased apoptosis of heart muscle cells. (hungarica.eu)
The blood contains oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and immune and other functional cells that help provide for homeostasis and basic functions of human cells and organs. (medscape.com)
Cardiac muscle cells. (medscape.com)
In developing skeletal muscle, an important interplay between muscle cells and the ECM is present, and some evidence from adult human muscle suggests common signaling pathways to stimulate contractile and ECM components. (fasciaguide.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)

Unlike the other muscles, inherent properties of the FDB muscle make it amenable to multiple in vitro- and in vivo-based microscopy methods. (biomedcentral.com)
Using a novel approach, we also demonstrate methods for assessing mitochondrial respiration in the FDB, which are comparable to the commonly used gastrocnemius muscle. (biomedcentral.com)

Cricopharyngeal achalasia is a consequence of impaired neural mediated relaxation of the UES. (abdominalkey.com)
Disordered UES opening can be the result of abnormal UES distensibility, such as Zenker's diverticulum, cricopharyngeal bar, or lack of neural relaxation, such as cricopharyngeal achalasia. (abdominalkey.com)

Physiological signaling pathways from mechanical loading to changes in ECM most likely involve feedback signaling that results in rapid alterations in the mechanical properties of the ECM. (fasciaguide.com)

decrease inflammation, reduces stress (48) and improves deep sleep functions as demonstrated in previous published studies ( 47) to prevent and possibly reverse the symptoms of Dementia and Alzheimer's. (thebiomatshop.com)

The purpose of this study was to characterize and experimentally demonstrate the value of the FDB muscle for scientific investigations. (biomedcentral.com)
The was to characterize b-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation selective b2-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 [(6 and facilitation of norepinephrine release in the aorta of KO) mice. (marysfamilymedicine.org)

Conversely, inactivity markedly decreases collagen turnover in both tendon and muscle. (fasciaguide.com)
Therefore, H 2 S pathway may be involved in Pb-induced hypertension and treatment with NaHS exerts antihypertensive effect, promotes non-NO-mediated relaxation, and decreases oxidative stress in rats with Pb-induced hypertension. (hindawi.com)

Administration of Mydicar increasing functioning SERCA2a can assist in lessening these negative effects of an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ during diastole by increasing reuptake into the SR.[citation needed] Jaski BE, Jessup ML, Mancini DM, Cappola TP, Pauly DF, Greenberg B, et al. (wikipedia.org)

The upper esophageal sphincter ( UES ) and proximal one third of esophageal body is composed of striated muscle. (nature.com)

After cardiac surgery, patients often show alterations of the diaphragmatic contraction pattern, resulting in a clinically well-known reduction of diaphragmatic function [ 11 , 12 ] occurring in up to 85% of patients [ 13 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Clinically, the order of loss of nerve function is as follows: (1) pain, (2) temperature, (3) touch, (4) proprioception, and (5) skeletal muscle tone. (nih.gov)

This occurs through sequential or "peristaltic" contraction of circular muscle in the esophageal body, in concert with appropriately timed relaxation of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters. (nature.com)
2010). Rigor mortis occurs when the level of ATP declines and its concentration is too low to maintain muscle relaxation. (earthwormexpress.com)

By direct observation, under the microscope, of living muscle, some from the frog, some from small mammals, it was comparatively easy to determine that the number of visible capillaries, which is the same as the number of capillaries through which blood flows, was rather small in resting muscle, and only increases very appreciably when the muscle has been active for some seconds. (nobelprize.org)

Muscles commonly used for functional and mechanistic experiments include the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior (TA), and/or the quadriceps. (biomedcentral.com)

This technique has been particularly useful to assess function and dysfunction of the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing. (nature.com)

The ionic strength rises, partially due to the inability of ATP-dependent calcium, potassium, and sodium pumps to function. (earthwormexpress.com)

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) stores calcium, which is released into the sarcoplasm during muscle contraction. (medscape.com)

Cardiac muscle has abundant mitochondria that depend on aerobic respiration primarily to generate adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), the molecule that provides energy for cellular function (see the images below). (medscape.com)

Skeletal muscle provides distinct experimental challenges due to inherent differences across muscle groups, including fiber type and size that may limit experimental approaches. (biomedcentral.com)

Hormonal fluctuations affect bowel functions in women. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy52

Organisms15

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs90

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science2

Health Care2

Contraction and relaxation6

Tissue20

Skeletal muscles2

Ventricular4

Contractility3

Myocardial2

Lymphatic1

Systolic5

Phenotypic2

Oriented muscle fibers1

Mechanisms8

Fibers7

Pulmonary3

Coordination3

Vascular smooth muscl1

Proteins2

Cognitive1

Circulations1

Responses4

Cardiovascular3

Endothelium3

Genetic2

Physiological functions1

Metabolic1

Histology2

Urethral2

Arteries3

Arterial2

Esophagus4

Nerves2

Myocyte1

Cardiomyocyte2

Systemic1

Bolus2

Fibres2

Pharyngeal1

Deterioration2

Myofibrils2

Smooth muscle11

Endothelial2

Fatigue1

Investigate1

Cells7

Methods2

Neural2

Mechanical1

Inflammation1

Characterize2

Decreases2

Effects1

Proximal1

Clinically2

Occurs2

Increases1

Include1

Assess1

Potassium1

Sarcoplasm1

Mitochondria1

Fiber1

Hormonal1