The hallmark components of the disorder have been proposed to be (a) continued engagement in a behavior despite adverse consequences, (b) diminished self-control over engagement in the behavior, (c) compulsive engagement in the behavior, and (d) an appetitive urge or craving state prior to engaging in the behavior [4,5]. (aba-journal.com)
Our findings suggest that consummatory behavior generates simultaneous theta range activity in the MFC and OFC that encodes the value of consumed fluids, with the MFC having a top-down role in the control of consumption. (elifesciences.org)
Behaviors6
The limbic system predominantly controls appropriate responses to stimuli with social, emotional, or motivational salience, which includes innate behaviors such as mating, aggression, and defense. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, in this review we focus primarily on chemosensation in the rodent and how it relates to innate limbic responses to social conspecific cues such as mating, maternal care, and territorial behaviors as well as non-social defensive responses to predator cues. (frontiersin.org)
Ethology , including the contributions of Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Karl von Frisch, and Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, defined instincts as unlearned behaviors and responses. (ethology.eu)
Other laboratories failed to find BAC-induced changes in appetitive behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the role of the GABA B system in mediating learning and memory and its specific involvement in CTA learning and consummatory behaviors, combined with the increasing frequency of BAC use in learning, memory and addiction research, we were drawn to investigate the effects of BAC on acquisition and extinction using the CTA paradigm in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that excitation at the same site prevents DNQX microinjections from recruiting downstream limbic structures into neurobiological activation, and simultaneously prevents generation of either appetitive or defensive motivated behaviors. (jneurosci.org)
Rats2
2017) Female Sprague-Dawley rats display greater appetitive and consummatory responses to alcohol. (uh.edu)
Neuropeptide Y enhances olfactory mucosa responses to odorant in hungry rats. (nature.com)
Defensive4
Microinjections of a glutamate AMPA antagonist (DNQX) in medial shell of nucleus accumbens (NAc) can cause either intense appetitive motivation (i.e., 'desire') or intense defensive motivation (i.e., 'dread'), depending on site along a flexible rostrocaudal gradient and on environmental ambience. (jneurosci.org)
Microinjections in nucleus accumbens of glutamate antagonist, DNQX, which might suppress local neuronal firing, generate either appetitive or defensive motivation, depending on site and environmental factors. (jneurosci.org)
Here we demonstrate that neuronal inhibition is necessary to generate appetitive or defensive motivations, using local optogenetic excitations to oppose putative DNQX-induced inhibitions. (jneurosci.org)
Stimuli2
The subcortical hedonic hotspots are responsible for the simple and spontaneous core liking reactions to pleasurable stimuli, whereas the involvement of cortical prefrontal structures is needed for the conscious feelings of wanting or incentive salience during the appetitive phase [ 3 ] [ 4 ] , this network shows an interplay between more evolved neocortical areas and evolutionary older areas of the brain. (encyclopedia.pub)
An induced response to threatening stimuli characterized by the cessation of body movements, except for those that are involved with BREATHING, and the maintenance of an immobile POSTURE. (uchicago.edu)
Hypothalamic2
The two responses to lateral hypothalamic stimulation have thus never been dissociated, and their common characteristics have been taken to suggest (but do not confirm) that the same fiber population is involved in both effects. (jneurosci.org)
Moreover, we hypothesize that while these systems work in tandem to coordinate the anticipatory and consummatory phases of feeding with hypothalamic energy-sensing substrates, the striatal opioid network evolved a specialized capacity to promote overeating of energy-dense foods beyond acute homeostatic needs, to ensure an energy reserve for potential future famine. (nih.gov)
Motivation1
Work over the past decade has supported the idea that discrete aspects of appetitive motivation are differentially mediated by separate but interacting neurochemical systems within the nucleus accumbens (Acb). (nih.gov)
Inhibition1
Herein, we will focus on the symptom cluster "loss of control" (i.e., unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling), which appears to be related to deficits in executive functions (namely, diminished response inhibition [11]) and impaired reward-related decision-making [12]. (aba-journal.com)
Neurons1
Figure 5: Electrophysiological responses of female VMHvl neurons during encounters with adult male and juvenile intruders. (nature.com)
Emotional2
Experiments by Jacobson and colleagues [ 4 , 14 ] used genetically altered mice lacking specific subtypes of the GABA B receptor and reported a vital role for the GABA B system in conditioned emotional responses and conditioned taste aversion (CTA) acquisition/extinction. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulating emotional responses by implementation intentions: assessing the impact on physiological and subjective arousal. (reading.ac.uk)
Physiological1
Neuroscience has provided major insights into the positive effects of aesthetic music listening by focusing on the localization and connectivity of so-called hedonic hotspots in cortical and subcortical regions of the brain, and by examining the role of neurotransmitters in the modulation of the physical and physiological responses to the music. (encyclopedia.pub)
Social1
Dynamic neurogenomic responses to social interactions and dominance outcomes in female paper wasps. (ouhsc.edu)
Drive1
It remains unclear whether the two stimulation effects-a drive-like effect with many of the properties of hunger ( Wise, 1974 ) and a reinforcing effect that can establish (i) instrumental response habits ( Olds, 1956 ) and (ii) preference for places where the stimulation has been experienced in the past ( Ettenberg and Duvauchelle, 1988 )-are responses to activation of the same GABAergic fibers. (jneurosci.org)
Specific2
2021) Immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 contributes to stress-induced affective responses in a sex-specific manner. (uh.edu)
The inclusion of GD in the addictive disorder chapter of DSM-5 is motivated by the recognition of its genetic, endophenotypic, and phenotypic resemblances to substance dependence: both disorders show similar comorbidity patterns [2], genetic vulnerabilities, and responses to specific pharmacologic treatments [3]. (aba-journal.com)
Female1
Figure 2: Responses of the Esr1 + population in the female VMHvl during fighting and mating. (nature.com)
Role1
Other research investigates the role of stress and explores potential sex differences in responses to psychoactive drugs and addresses related topics including emotion and learning that are relevant to affective and post-traumatic stress disorders. (uh.edu)
Behavior6
However, a reward downshift produced a gradual adjustment of instrumental performance and a rapid adjustment of consummatory performance, rather than the abrupt and transient deterioration of behavior typical of a successive negative contrast effect. (bvsalud.org)
The NIMH RDoC working group had initially proposed three draft Constructs within the PVS Domain for consideration during the workshop: Reward Seeking, Consummatory Behavior, and Reward/Habit Learning. (nih.gov)
Reward cognition serves to increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction by causing associative learning, eliciting approach and consummatory behavior, and triggering positively-valenced emotions. (slife.org)
Separable Substrates for Anticipatory and Consummatory Food Chemosensation. (yalescientific.org)
We analysed a 10 min consummatory phase, preceded by a 10 min anticipatory phase, as a control for the experimental meal. (sruc.ac.uk)
Circuits5
For some rat reproductive behaviours, Stolzenberg and Numan (2011) suggest that the consummatory phase is mediated by output from the MPOA/VMH to the PAG, with the latter controlling lower circuits producing the actual motor acts. (medscape.com)
We also examine how feeding circuits can be rewired by long-term exposure to highly caloric diets, altering the response of motivational systems to food. (nih.gov)
We also examine how long-term exposure to a calorically dense diet rewires feeding circuits and alters the response of motivational systems to food. (nih.gov)
Together, these results establish the STROBE as a new tool for dissecting fly feeding circuits and suggest a role for mushroom body circuits in processing naïve taste responses. (elifesciences.org)
The goal of this research is to elucidate how these mechanisms interact to form circuits in the central nervous system that regulate appetitive behaviors, particularly pathological alcohol consumption. (nih.gov)
Reward2
These experiments explored the role of the basal ganglia in consummatory reward downshift (cRD) using inhibitory and excitatory DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) infused in either the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or one of its downstream targets, the globus pallidus externus (GPe). (bvsalud.org)
Under these conditions, reward downshift led to longer latencies (instrumental) and lower rehydration levels (consummatory) than those of unshifted controls, providing evidence for successive negative contrast. (bvsalud.org)
Stimulus2
For many behaviours, psychologists distinguish an appetitive phase involving actions bringing animals into contact with a goal stimulus and a consummatory phase in which animals actually interact with the desired object. (medscape.com)
In general terms, simple conditioning involves conditioning a neutral stimulus, one normally unrelated to a response, such that it eventually elicits a behavioral response, such as salivation. (yalescientific.org)
Brain responses1
We know that this is likely the case for drug addiction and highly appetitive foods, such as chocolate, which lead to very similar brain responses to addictive drugs like cocaine. (yalescientific.org)
Phases1
Heininga: 'A "pleasurable experience" can be subdivided into phases: an appetitive phase (of appetite or longing), a consummatory phase (consuming) and an appeasing phase (satisfying desire). (neurosciencenews.com)
Exposure1
15. The role of previous exposure in the appetitive and consummatory effects of orexigenic neuropeptides. (nih.gov)
Behavioral responses1
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals. (nih.gov)
Instrumental1
After excitotoxic lesions that selectively destroyed either the NAcc core or shell, animals underwent additional CS-US training sessions and then were tested for the acquisition of a new instrumental response that produced the CS acting as a conditioned reinforcer (CR). (jneurosci.org)
Food3
A coronal section showing amygdala responses to the predictive food odor (FO+) compared to the non-predictive food odor (FO-) and compared to the receipt of the caloric (drink) and non caloric (tasteless) solutions. (yalescientific.org)
The results of the experiments demonstrated that the amygdala is preferentially activated in response to predictive food odor, compared to the equally pleasant non-predictive food odor and compared to the receipt of the drink. (yalescientific.org)
We found that it was not total USV quantity that varied in response to food consumption, but the subtype of USV produced. (sruc.ac.uk)
Roles1
Among the findings are that reactive oxygen species (namely, producers of free radicals, which cause harmful changes in many molecules) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a protein that causes an inflammatory response, play major roles in ALD. (nih.gov)
Understanding1
They found that a measure of "partner facilitation" (problem solving, rewarding quit- ting, understanding, listening, and facilitating coping responses) accounted for 32 percent of the outcome variance at 6 to 8 week postcessation. (nih.gov)
Phase1
The appetitive phase results from MPOA interactions with dopaminergic systems, particularly the VTA. (medscape.com)
Mice1
MPOA neurons of female mice are critical for appropriate responses to male reproductive social cues such as male urine odours. (medscape.com)
Levels2
This response is modulated powerfully by circulating oestradiol levels. (medscape.com)
In response to acute stress, oxytocin levels in adolescents rise very rapidly to a maximum level within 1 minute and drop again after only 10 minutes. (adxs.org)
Women1
Postmenopausal women showed almost no increased oxytocin stress response. (adxs.org)
Study2
Our study highlights that, in addition to quantification of the production rate, study of USV subtypes might inform us further on rat consummatory behaviour. (sruc.ac.uk)
Modifications to the HEALing Communities Study in response to COVID-19 related disruptions. (nih.gov)