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NucleotidesMolecular Sequence DataPolymorphism, Single NucleotideAdenine NucleotidesAmino Acid SequenceGuanine NucleotidesPurine NucleotidesBase SequenceCloning, MolecularNucleotides, CyclicDNAGuanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidSequence Analysis, DNAEscherichia coliPyrimidine NucleotidesNucleic Acid ConformationPlant ExtractsMutationAdenosine TriphosphatePhylogenyKineticsTranscription, GeneticBinding SitesGenesGenes, BacterialRNA, MessengerSequence Homology, Amino AcidPlasmidsSequence AlignmentAdenosine DiphosphateGenetic VariationRestriction MappingDNA Restriction EnzymesGenotypeCodonPolymerase Chain ReactionGuanosine TriphosphateRNA, ViralOpen Reading FramesDNA, BacterialProtein BindingSpecies SpecificityDNA PrimersBacterial ProteinsCell LineRNAOils, VolatileGuanosine DiphosphateNucleic Acid HybridizationThymine NucleotidesCytosine NucleotidesMolecular WeightModels, MolecularDNA, ViralPromoter Regions, GeneticGenome, ViralCattleGenes, ViralPlants, MedicinalHydrolysisAllelesEvolution, MolecularSubstrate SpecificityChromosome MappingDNA, ComplementaryElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelBase CompositionHaplotypesDNA RepairProtein BiosynthesisIntronsExonsDeoxyadenine NucleotidesUridine TriphosphateRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidChromatography, High Pressure LiquidProtein ConformationAdenosine MonophosphateDeoxyguanine NucleotidesMolecular StructureOligonucleotidesRecombinant ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeRNA, RibosomalDNA-Binding ProteinsViral ProteinsProtein Structure, TertiaryMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyDeoxycytosine NucleotidesPlant BarkInosine NucleotidesGlycosidesModels, GeneticStructure-Activity RelationshipMagnesiumCells, CulturedGenetic Predisposition to DiseasePolymorphism, GeneticDNA Mutational Analysis

ProteinAdjacent nucleotide monomersCyclicGuanineAdeninePurine nucleotideSignaling moleculePeptidesNucleic acid polymersSequenceCoenzymesSynthesisNucleosidePhosphatesMonophosphateProteinsPhosphate groupsPyrimidineGenomeOrganicReceptorsPurinesExtractMRNAMetabolismGeneticAcidsMoleculesDrugsCellularNucleobaseSugarExperimentalChemicalSingleGroupsRangeHigh

Protein6

• The information contained in the nucleotide sequence of a gene is transcribed to mRNA (messenger RNA) by enzymes in the cell's nucleus and then translated to a protein in the cytoplasm. (health.am)
• This protein may be a structural constituent of a given tissue. (health.am)
• Some transporters have a conserved transmembrane protein and two nucleotide binding proteins similar to those of ABC transporters. (tcdb.org)
• Both of the integral membrane protein constituents of these systems may be distantly related, and in this respect they resemble typical ABC porters. (tcdb.org)
• Rod cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are modulated by changes in tyrosine phosphorylation catalyzed by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and phosphatases (PTPs). (silverchair.com)
• nonglycosolated virion envelope protein (24).The complete nucleotide sequence for the RNA genome of yellow fever virus has been determined (24). (cdc.gov)

Adjacent nucleotide monomers2

• Individual phosphate molecules repetitively connect the sugar-ring molecules in two adjacent nucleotide monomers, thereby connecting the nucleotide monomers of a nucleic acid end-to-end into a long chain. (wikipedia.org)
• Each phosphate group connects the sugar rings of two adjacent nucleotide monomers. (biologyonline.com)

Cyclic5

• In addition, nucleotides participate in cell signaling (cyclic guanosine monophosphate or cGMP and cyclic adenosine monophosphate or cAMP), and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions (e.g. coenzyme A, FAD, FMN, NAD, and NADP+). (wikipedia.org)
• Signaling cyclic nucleotides are formed by binding the phosphate group twice to the same sugar molecule, bridging the 5'- and 3'- hydroxyl groups of the sugar. (wikipedia.org)
• Examples of non-nucleic acid nucleotides cAMP, a cyclic nucleotide signaling molecule with a single phosphate linked to both 5- and 3-positions. (wikipedia.org)
• Apart from the long chain of nucleic acids, nucleotides also occur in cyclic forms. (biologyonline.com)
• Cyclic nucleotides form when the phosphate group is linked twice to the sugar moiety, particularly to the two hydroxyl groups of the constituent sugar. (biologyonline.com)

Guanine3

• A novel synergistic effect of alanosine and guanine on adenine nucleotide synthesis in mammalian cells. (mcmaster.ca)
• Encountering difficulty, he then realized that an adenine hydrogen bonded to a thymine was the same size as the other two constituents of DNA, cytosine and guanine, the structure of which Lindsey had also solved (Broomhead, 1951), hydrogen-bonded with one another. (iucr.org)
• A 5' cap (also termed an RNA cap, an RNA 7-methylguanosine cap, or an RNA m 7 G cap) is a modified guanine nucleotide that has been added to the "front" or 5' end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription. (iiab.me)

Adenine1

• Over the next three days, using models of the nucleotides based on Lindsey's dimensions, Watson tried to join the nucleic acid strands, lining adenine up with adenine. (iucr.org)

Purine nucleotide1

• Sources of ammonia include bacterial hydrolysis of urea and other nitrogenous compounds in the intestine, the purine-nucleotide cycle and amino acid transamination in skeletal muscle, and other metabolic processes in the kidneys and liver. (medscape.com)

Signaling molecule1

• pppGpp, a nucleotide signaling molecule with both 5'- and 3'-phosphates. (wikipedia.org)

Peptides1

• Tide Fluor™ superior fluorescent labelling dyes, optimised for labelling nucleotides and peptides. (stratech.co.uk)

Nucleic acid polymers2

• In addition to being building blocks for the construction of nucleic acid polymers, singular nucleotides play roles in cellular energy storage and provision, cellular signaling, as a source of phosphate groups used to modulate the activity of proteins and other signaling molecules, and as enzymatic cofactors, often carrying out redox reactions. (wikipedia.org)
• A nucleotide is regarded as the basic building block of nucleic acid polymers (e.g. (biologyonline.com)

Sequence3

• That is, each has the same genes, but there are slight variations in the DNA sequence of nucleotide bases in each gene. (health.am)
• Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
• As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three base pairs each. (iiab.me)

Coenzymes1

• Constituent of flavin nucleotide coenzymes involved in energy metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

Synthesis2

• They thus interfere with the production of folate in bacteria, preventing synthesis of nucleotides, and thus cell division. (quizbowlpackets.com)
• 11. Synthesis and Catabolism of Nucleotide. (saujanyabooks.com)

Nucleoside2

• A nucleotide is composed of three distinctive chemical sub-units: a five-carbon sugar molecule, a nucleobase (the two of which together are called a nucleoside), and one phosphate group. (wikipedia.org)
• With all three joined, a nucleotide is also termed a "nucleoside monophosphate", "nucleoside diphosphate" or "nucleoside triphosphate", depending on how many phosphates make up the phosphate group. (wikipedia.org)

Phosphates1

• Nucleotides are composed of three subunit molecules: a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group consisting of one to three phosphates. (wikipedia.org)

Monophosphate1

• Dietary nucleotides [inclusion adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)] supplementation was shown to promote the feed intake of sows and increase the AMP content in their milk in our previous work, but whether AMP shapes the energy expenditure and lipid metabolism in mammals remains unknown. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)

Proteins2

• Units of amino acids polymerized to form proteins and those of nucleotides to form Polynucleotide chains (Nucleic acids) here was a uniqueness in the constituents They could tolerate only a certain range of temperature,, configuration and organization of each chain. (boloji.com)
• Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. (lookformedical.com)

Phosphate groups1

• Some signaling nucleotides differ from the standard single-phosphate group configuration, in having multiple phosphate groups attached to different positions on the sugar. (wikipedia.org)

Pyrimidine1

• In nucleic acids, nucleotides contain either a purine or a pyrimidine base-i.e., the nucleobase molecule, also known as a nitrogenous base-and are termed ribonucleotides if the sugar is ribose, or deoxyribonucleotides if the sugar is deoxyribose. (wikipedia.org)

Genome1

• As a living information and communications system, the genome encodes patterns in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reflecting human adaptation that optimizes population survival in differing environments. (scirp.org)

Organic2

• Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
• Most numerous elemental constituent of organic compounds and cell water. (jlindquist.com)

Receptors1

• We evaluated polymorphisms for IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rx), a common component of IL-4 and IL-13 receptors, IL-13, and CD14, a key constituent of the toll receptor complex. (cdc.gov)

Purines2

• Sugar, pyrimidines, purines and phosphate organized to form nucleotides. (boloji.com)
• The fundamental nucleotides are divided into purines and pyrimidines. (biologyonline.com)

Extract1

• 5-nucleotides are also used in flavour enhancers as food additive to enhance the umami taste, often in the form of a yeast extract. (wikipedia.org)

MRNA1

• In some instances, an mRNA will be edited, changing the nucleotide composition of that mRNA. (iiab.me)

Metabolism1

• Nucleotides also play a central role in metabolism at a fundamental, cellular level. (wikipedia.org)

Genetic1

• Many scientists have already encoded textual information into genetic nucleotides, thereby creating 'messages' made from DNA - messages implanted, like genes, inside cells, where such data might persist, undamaged and unaltered, through myriad cycles of mitosis, all the while saved for recovery and decoding. (blogspot.com)

Acids1

• Nucleic acids then are polymeric macromolecules assembled from nucleotides, the monomer-units of nucleic acids. (wikipedia.org)

Molecules1

• In any one strand, the chemical orientation (directionality) of the chain-joins runs from the 5'-end to the 3'-end (read: 5 prime-end to 3 prime-end)-referring to the five carbon sites on sugar molecules in adjacent nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)

Drugs1

• 1. These drugs are analogues of one of the constituent parts of the folate molecule. (quizbowlpackets.com)

Cellular1

• Essential elemental constituent of cellular material. (jlindquist.com)

Nucleobase1

• This is to allow complementary base pairing between nucleobase constituents. (biologyonline.com)

Sugar2

• Nucleotide cofactors include a wider range of chemical groups attached to the sugar via the glycosidic bond, including nicotinamide and flavin, and in the latter case, the ribose sugar is linear rather than forming the ring seen in other nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
• The ribose sugar is the sugar component of the nucleotides that make up RNA. (biologyonline.com)

Experimental1

• In experimental biochemistry, nucleotides can be radiolabeled using radionuclides to yield radionucleotides. (wikipedia.org)

Chemical1

• 1. Chemical constituents of Cells. (saujanyabooks.com)

Single1

• Single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) for IL-4Ralpha (Ile75Val, Glu400Ala, Glu 576 Arg or Q576R, Cys431Arg), IL-13 (R130Q) and CD14 (C159T) were analyzed to elucidate disease-associated genotypes. (cdc.gov)

Groups1

• In vitro, protecting groups may be used during laboratory production of nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)

Range1

• The range in k and the difference in the inactivation mechanism observed in water from the same site could not be explained, but variable constituents in the environmental matrix could have contributed. (cdc.gov)

High1

• HILIC-MS, however, allows these hydrophilic constituents to be separated and subsequently detected at high resolution. (news-medical.net)