• During this time, he pioneered the use of single-molecule sequencing for the reconstruction of complete genomes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The lamprey genome provides an important resource for reconstructing vertebrate origins and the evolutionary events that have shaped the genomes of extant organisms," senior author Weiming Li, with MSU's Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, and colleagues explained. (genomeweb.com)
  • Given the critical phylogenetic position of the lamprey as an outgroup to the gnathostomes," Li and colleagues explained, "comparing the lamprey genome to gnathostome genomes holds the promise of providing insights into the structure and gene content of the ancestral vertebrate genome. (genomeweb.com)
  • While homologous to conserved non-coding sequences in the jawed vertebrate genomes, though, the lamprey versions of these elements shared sequence identity over around half of each element, on average. (genomeweb.com)
  • Together with data from existing genomes, patterns in the lamprey genome point to at least two whole-genome duplication events prior to the split between the lamprey lineage and the lineage leading to the jawed vertebrates, researchers noted. (genomeweb.com)
  • The international group of researchers analyzed the genomes of 48 avian species that represent the evolutionary history of modern birds and compared them to many other vertebrates to find DNA sequences specific to avians. (phys.org)
  • Tohoku University researchers and their international collaborators compared the genomes of 48 avian species with other vertebrates to identify genetic sequences specific only to birds. (phys.org)
  • Once considered a unique feature of vertebrate patterning, components of the retinoic acid (RA) signalling pathway, including both RA and the retinoid (RX) class of receptors, have been found within invertebrate genomes. (europa.eu)
  • Alignment of HACNS4 to orthologous sequences from nonhuman genomes. (yale.edu)
  • With the advent of fully sequenced genomes, the computational study of orthologous protein relationships in evolution, comparative genomics, but also for substantiating the evolutionary conservation of fundamental cellular processes increased exponentially. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Homologues of the human gene can be found in almost all vertebrate genomes. (evcforum.net)
  • Prior to the development of DNA technology and the sequencing of organismal genomes, Charles Darwin suggested that the "tree" of life can be traced back to a single root (Koonin and Wolf, 2012). (bartleby.com)
  • It is responsible for endopeptidic cleavage of the unique leader peptides that characterise type-IV pilin precursors, as well as proteins with homologous leader sequences that are essential components of the general secretion pathway found in a variety of Gram-negative pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • CPEB proteins are well conserved in both, vertebrates and invertebrates. (nih.gov)
  • Based on sequence similarity, RNA-binding specificity, and functional regulation of translation, the CPEB proteins have been classified into two subfamilies. (nih.gov)
  • Formins are multidomain proteins defined by a conserved FH2 (formin homology 2) domain with actin nucleation activity preceded by a proline-rich FH1 (formin homology 1) domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Formins are multidomain proteins conserved from plants to fungi and vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Smooth Muscle Actin belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. (thermofisher.com)
  • In vertebrates , bitter, sweet, and umami flavors are detected by particular proteins on our taste buds. (berkeley.edu)
  • In contrast to bitter receptors, sweet- and umami-sensing proteins are remarkably conserved - that is, their number and sequence haven't changed much over evolutionary time. (berkeley.edu)
  • They encode proteins of ~350-400 residues in length, with orthologues identified in several, mostly vertebrate, species. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Very little is known about the structure of Wnts as they are notoriously insoluble, but they share the following features characteristics of secretory proteins: a signal peptide, several potential N-glycosylation sites and 22 conserved cysteines [ ( PUBMED:9891778 ) ] that are probably involved in disulphide bonds. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • We focus our attention on three families of transcription factors that are known to have roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis: Sox and the Ant- and Prd- class families of the homeodomain proteins. (europa.eu)
  • Both predicted proteins are highly conserved with other known homologous sequences, with the exception of two small domains present only in the Sof-RXR. (europa.eu)
  • The detection of remotely conserved proteins oftentimes involves sophisticated manual intervention that is difficult to automate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the GTPase switch of Rab proteins is highly conserved, functional mechanisms may be highly diversified among members of the Rab family. (embl.de)
  • Amino acid sequences typical for guanine nucleotide-binding proteins and characteristic for ypt proteins are perfectly conserved in the mouse ypt1 protein. (embl.de)
  • 15) to a little hypothetical proteins in mouse aswell as ESTs from human beings and various other vertebrate types. (woofahs.com)
  • Comparison of nuclear-encoded cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins showed that intron positions were conserved (Yoshihama et al. (bartleby.com)
  • The ras-related ypt protein is an ubiquitous eukaryotic protein: isolation and sequence analysis of mouse cDNA clones highly homologous to the yeast YPT1 gene. (embl.de)
  • One obvious possibility is to pursue the matter in Drosophila melanogaster DNA, which has sequences homologous to several vertebrate oncogenes. (embl.de)
  • MiR-222 and miR-221 are two highly homologous microRNAs located in tandem on the X chromosome in human, mouse and rat and are highly conserved in vertebrates. (biovendor.com)
  • Its sequences is highly conserved in different vertebrate species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Invasive vertebrate species impact our environment, economy and society. (mdpi.com)
  • Wnt genes are highly conserved between vertebrate species sharing overall sequence identity and gene structure, and are slightly less conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Because they are common to all avian species one of them, at least, likely dates as far back as dinosaurs, which could mean that dinosaurs acquired these sequences before and during their transition to birds. (phys.org)
  • HACNSs show a statistically significant excess of human-specific sequence changes (circled) at positions highly conserved in other species. (yale.edu)
  • To this end, we have focused on identifying noncoding sequences highly conserved in nonhuman vertebrate species that display high rates of nucleotide substitution on the human lineage, which may indicate positive selection for new regulatory functions. (yale.edu)
  • In our approach, sites within CNSs were binned based on their degree of sequence conservation in six nonhuman species: chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, mouse, rat, dog and chicken, and human-specific substitutions were identified by parsimony (Fig. 1A). (yale.edu)
  • For example, grouper is an important cultured species, which has suffered from vertebrate iridovirus infection in recent years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then we study the extent to which start codons and stop codons in the human sequence are conserved in other species, showing that start codons are in general more poorly conserved than stop codons. (psu.edu)
  • The challenge for ID/creationists in this thread is to explain the divergence of exons and introns as measured by sequence comparisons between species. (evcforum.net)
  • When we compare the gene between vertebrate species and look for conserved sequence we find that there are strong signals of sequence conservation that line up with the exons. (evcforum.net)
  • The third group down is a comparison of the human sequence to specific species with the black bars representing sequence conservation. (evcforum.net)
  • Whole-exome data of the COL4A5 gene of the patient's family were analyzed using Sanger sequencing and online software was used to predict the conservation and pathogenicity of mutant amino acids within species evolution. (researchsquare.com)
  • The serine at position 1199 is well conserved among the RP1L1 family in other species. (molvis.org)
  • Due to high sequence similarity, members in this subfamily may share similar expression patterns and functions. (nih.gov)
  • For example, the European cuttlefish, sepia officinalis, possesses cartilage tissues with an unparalleled histological similarity with vertebrate cartilages. (europa.eu)
  • Programs like BLAST or the orthology search engine Inparanoid can be used to find orthologs when the similarity between two sequences is sufficiently high. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on relaxed sequence similarity searches, morFeus selects sequences based on the similarity of their alignments to the query, tests for orthology by iterative reciprocal BLAST searches and calculates a network score for the resulting network of orthologs that is a measure of orthology independent of the E-value. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Yet, reciprocal sequence similarity is thus far one of the main established methods for defining orthology computationally and is ubiquitously used on a small- as well as a large-scale. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, the comparison of nucliec acid sequences shows greater similarity between archaea and eukaryotes. (bartleby.com)
  • The Mubende variant glycoprotein amino acid sequences exhibited 99.7% similarity altogether and a maximum of 96.1% glycoprotein similarity compared to historical SUDV strains from 1976. (cdc.gov)
  • The Mubende variant exhibited 96% amino acid similarity with historic SUDV sequences from the 1970s and a high degree of conservation throughout the outbreak, which was important for ongoing diagnostics and highly promising for future therapy development. (cdc.gov)
  • Caliciviruses are similar to picornaviruses in the pres- image reconstruction of recombinant Norwalk virus-like particles ence of VPg and in sequence similarity of their RNA-directed (left). (cdc.gov)
  • Lampreys have long-fascinated biologists due to their proposed position in the vertebrate family tree: the lamprey lineage branched off from a shared ancestor that also spawned the hagfish lineage, ancestors of jawed vertebrates - known as gnathostomes - and other, now extinct, lineages. (genomeweb.com)
  • The two lineages also shared sequences from hundreds of conserved non-coding elements. (genomeweb.com)
  • Hence, the proportion of introns in the LECA genome is considerably greater than in contemporary eukaryotic lineages, excluding some vertebrates (Figure.1). (bartleby.com)
  • Based on current models of 'Dlx' gene evolution it is unclear whether forebrain enhancers have been retained in the 'Dlx3/4' locus throughout the course of avian evolution or whether they were acquired after the divergence of birds from other vertebrate lineages. (uoguelph.ca)
  • In addition, we sequenced 99 ospC flanking sequences from different lineages and compared the complete cp26 sequences of 11 strains as well as the cp26 bbb02 loci of 56 samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Mutations that change the DNA sequence of those genes can also change which foods our different taste receptors respond to. (berkeley.edu)
  • Vertebrates have many different genes that help us sense bitter tastes. (berkeley.edu)
  • Then additional mutations in later generations changed the sequences of those copies in different ways, leading to multiple genes sensitive to different bitter molecules. (berkeley.edu)
  • During this process, the vertebrate lineage was diversifying with mammals, birds, turtles, etc. splitting off at different points and winding up with different numbers of bitter-sensing genes. (berkeley.edu)
  • Most vertebrates have three genes for sensing sweet and savory flavors - T1R1, T1R2, and T1R3. (berkeley.edu)
  • These three genes are the result of an ancient case of duplication and divergence that occurred more than 400 million years ago, before any vertebrate set foot on dry land. (berkeley.edu)
  • Because the ASHCEs in genes such as Sim1 were highly conserved and therefore largely unchanged by evolution since the dinosaur era, this suggests CREs such as ASHCEs were vital in developing bird-specific traits and may have driven the transition of dinosaurs to birds. (phys.org)
  • The absence of genomic resources renders the search for paralogous cuttlefish genes dependent upon the presence of highly conserved protein motifs within genes of interest, thus we used a degenerate primer strategy to isolate partial coding sequence from the conserved domains specific to these families. (europa.eu)
  • We have utilized peptide sequence extracted from purified particle protein to clone and series the genes, that have been used to recognize mammalian homologues in Genbank/EMBL/DDBJ then. (woofahs.com)
  • Human-specific substitutions at sites conserved from chimpanzee to chicken are expected to be uncommon events, and were consequently given more weight than substitutions at less conserved sites. (yale.edu)
  • Actin isoforms differ slightly in their N-terminus and the sequences of each are perfectly conserved in higher vertebrates. (thermofisher.com)
  • It is an intramembrane aspartyl protease with the conserved active site motifs 'YD' and 'GxGD' in adjacent transmembrane domains (TMDs). (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of conserved motifs have critical roles in GPCR function, and this study focused on a highly conserved motif (WxFG) in extracellular loop one (EL1). (sdbonline.org)
  • The function of the SEDL protein is not known although it is speculated that it may participate in the ER-to-Golgi transport as part of a novel highly conserved multiprotein TRAPP complex. (nature.com)
  • While DNMT3, the maintenance DNA methyltransferase DNMT1, HELLS, and CDCA7 are all highly conserved in vertebrates and green plants, they are frequently co-lost in other evolutionary clades. (elifesciences.org)
  • They identified millions of genomic regions named 'avian-specific highly conserved elements' (ASHCEs) that appeared to function as CREs. (phys.org)
  • Many of these highly conserved genetic components appear to help control traits as cis-regulatory elements. (phys.org)
  • Because recombinant antibody production involves sequencing the antibody light and heavy chains, it is a highly controlled and reliable process. (cellsignal.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, single-stranded, small non-coding RNAs that have been shown to act as essential regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. (frontiersin.org)
  • Organisms amenable to easy genetic analysis should prove helpful in assessing the function of at least those proto-oncogene products which are highly conserved in different eukaryotic cells. (embl.de)
  • Some viruses possess an outer envelope, and the outer capsid is composed of major capsid protein (MCP), which appears to be highly conserved among the family and possesses surface binding sites interacting with the surfaces of host's cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data highly claim that IFT can be an essential transport system in vertebrate photoreceptors and improve the likelihood that flaws in IFT could cause some types of individual blindness. (woofahs.com)
  • Highly conserved 'cis'-acting enhancer sequences have been identified in the 'Dlx1/2' and 'Dlx5/6' intergenic regions in zebrafish and mouse. (uoguelph.ca)
  • In human, AEG-1 represents a protein of 582 amino acids, and the amino acid sequences are highly conserved across vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One motif, GASSL, is highly conserved throughout the evolution of IRF3 and 7 and located in the signal response domain. (cdc.gov)
  • By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)
  • His research focuses on the efficient analysis of large-scale genomic datasets and new methods for metagenomic analysis and assembly of high-noise single-molecule sequencing data. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • For the new study, members of the team from Washington University's Genome Institute tackled the lamprey genome with whole-genome shotgun sequencing, fosmid sequencing, and BAC library sequencing, using genomic DNA from a female sea lamprey caught wild in the Great Lakes. (genomeweb.com)
  • Collaborators at the MSU Genomic Core sequenced lamprey RNA, meanwhile, generated transcriptome data that helped in annotating the newly sequenced genome. (genomeweb.com)
  • This genomic resource holds the promise of providing insights into many other aspects of vertebrate biology, especially with continued refinements in the assembly and the capacity for direct functional analysis in lamprey," they wrote. (genomeweb.com)
  • Each candidate enhancer sequence is PCR amplified from genomic DNA, cloned into an expression vector upstream of a minimal promoter driving expression of a reporter gene (e.g., lacZ) and the resulting construct injected into single cell mouse embryos. (yale.edu)
  • This thesis describes the isolation of a genomic clone containing a partial 'Dlx3' gene and sequences downstream, and the development of assays to test enhancer activity in chicken and zebrafish embryos. (uoguelph.ca)
  • This article describes a set of alignments of 28 vertebrate genome sequences that is provided by the UCSC Genome Browser. (psu.edu)
  • From the 142 confirmed cases, we performed unbiased (Illumina) and SUDV-amplicon-specific (Minion) high-throughput sequencing to obtain 120 SUDV genome-and coding-complete sequences, representing 95.4% (104/109) of SVD-confirmed individuals within a sequence-able range (Ct 30) and 10 genome sequences outside of this range and 6 duplicate genome sequences. (cdc.gov)
  • Using as hybridization probe cloned yeast YPT1 gene sequences, we have isolated from cDNA libraries prepared from RNA of mouse F9 and C3H10T1/2 cells several overlapping cDNA clones with identical sequence in the regions of overlap. (embl.de)
  • More research is needed to know just why that is, the group explained, though it may reflect either rapid sequence change in the lamprey lineage or else a splitting off by the lamprey ancestor prior to complete sequence conservation in the jawed vertebrates. (genomeweb.com)
  • The second, more practical consideration is that evolutionary conservation provides a means to interpret the statistical and ultimately biological importance of human-specific sequence changes. (yale.edu)
  • As you can see, there are strong signals of sequence conservation that line up with the exons. (evcforum.net)
  • Why is there more sequence conservation in the exons as compared to the introns? (evcforum.net)
  • It is difficult to evaluate forebrain enhancer conservation in the avian lineage with the current available genome sequence. (uoguelph.ca)
  • The vast majority of intron sequence lacks any known function. (evcforum.net)
  • Mutation screening of all coding regions and flanking intron sequences of the RP1L1 gene were performed with DNA sequencing analysis in this case with OMD. (molvis.org)
  • Introns are nucleotide sequences universal amongst the Eukarya domain. (bartleby.com)
  • Formins act as profilin-modulated processive actin nucleators conserved throughout a wide range of eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5-Methylcytosine (5mC) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are broadly conserved in eukaryotes but are also frequently lost during evolution. (elifesciences.org)
  • DNA methylation, particularly 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at CpG sequences, is widely conserved in eukaryotes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Five-vertebrate ChIP-seq reveals the evolutionary dynamics of transcription factor binding. (nature.com)
  • And going forward, the study's authors said, the lamprey genome offers opportunities to explore evolutionary questions, both within the lamprey lineage and across vertebrates as a whole, while at once uncovering new features of lamprey biology. (genomeweb.com)
  • If a genetic programme for specifying cartilage cells arose only once during metazoan evolution, elements of a shared molecular fingerprint will be present in both cephalopods and vertebrates, despite their long independent evolutionary history. (europa.eu)
  • The reverse activity transcribes the ZAR2 mRNA with 966 nt coding sequence which codes for a 321 amino acid protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among them were members of 224 gene families that appear to be shared between the lamprey and at least one jawed vertebrate but missing from invertebrate animals. (genomeweb.com)
  • Alphairidovirinae includes Lymphocystivirus , Ranavirus (GIV), and Megalocystivirus (TGIV), which infect vertebrate hosts and Betairidovirinae includes Iridovirus and Chloriridovirus, which infect invertebrate hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The experimental results showed that four conserved epitopes among the Iridovirideae family, one exclusive epitope for invertebrate subfamily and two exclusive epitopes for vertebrate family were predicted. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Manual comparison of sequence alignments is oftentimes used to detect remotely conserved orthologs in the twilight zone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fitch defined the terms orthology and paralogy as early as 1970, when only very few protein sequences were known [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In general, immunobiologists have developed an integrated method for vaccine development based on analyzing protein sequences and structures of target viruses [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NEW YORK (GenomeWeb News) - An international team led by investigators at the Michigan State University and the University of Kentucky have sequenced and assembled the genome of sea lamprey , Petromyzon marinus , using the sequence to begin refining their understanding of vertebrate evolution. (genomeweb.com)
  • Despite its potential for providing insights into vertebrate evolution, though, the lamprey genome had previously proven tough to sequence, authors of the current study explained, owing to the its extensive repetitive element content and the lack of a related reference sequence. (genomeweb.com)
  • This article illustrates the power of this resource for exploring vertebrate and mammalian evolution, using three examples. (psu.edu)
  • Terrestrial animals such as reptiles and mammals predominantly use DPHK sequences in both IRF3 and 7. (cdc.gov)
  • The complete sequencing of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome has revealed the total number of Ypt GTPases in this organism. (embl.de)
  • Using site-directed mutagenesis, the conserved tryptophan residue was mutagenized in eight receptors which are members of disparate class A GPCR subfamilies from different taxa. (sdbonline.org)
  • First, human-specific developmental features, as elaborations on the common theme of mammalian development, are likely to arise in part from changes in the conserved genetic architecture of the developmental regulatory machinery. (yale.edu)
  • A comparison of the nucleotide genetic relatedness for the newly emerged Mubende variant indicated that it was most closely related to the Nakisamata SUDV sequence from 2011, represented a likely new zoonotic spillover event, and exhibited an inter- and intra-outbreak substitution rate consistent with previous outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Integrating the genetic sequence and epidemiological data into the response activities generated a broad overview of the outbreak, allowing for quick fact-checking of epidemiological connections between the identified patients. (cdc.gov)
  • We have also identified several loci with a significant excess of rapidly evolving noncoding sequences. (yale.edu)
  • All those approaches exploit the fact that members of orthologous protein families, even if they are strongly diverged, still share a common sequence pattern. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The data predominantly comes from either second generation sequencing platforms or methylation arrays. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Further complicating the sequencing process is the genome's preponderance of guanine and cytosine bases, which can befuddle some high-throughput sequencing instruments, leading to an over- or under-representation of these GC reads. (genomeweb.com)
  • Our proposed voting mechanism based system provides a novel approach for in silico LE prediction prior to vaccine development, and it is especially powerful for analyzing antigen sequences with exclusive features between two clustered groups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In most fungal and metazoan formins the FH1-FH2 core is accompanied by a less well conserved N-terminal FH3 (formin homology 3) domain involved in targeting [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, the team saw signs suggesting that the so-called Shh appendage-specific regulatory element, or ShARE, - crucial for limb development in jawed vertebrates - likely appeared within that lineage after the split with the lamprey lineage. (genomeweb.com)
  • Dr Kathie Grant is an internationally recognised expert in the field of foodborne pathogens with 30 years experience in clinical and public health microbiology and a research interest in exploiting whole genome sequencing (WGS) of bacterial pathogens to improve the understanding and control of foodborne bacterial illness. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Searching the orthologs of a given protein or DNA sequence is one of the most important and most commonly used Bioinformatics methods in Biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through comparisons with sequences from jawed animals, researchers saw shared chromosomal organization between the lamprey and these gnathostomes. (genomeweb.com)
  • In addition we have investigated components of the retinoic acid and hedgehog signalling pathways, both of which have relevant roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis. (europa.eu)
  • Our contribution was towards the development of a targeted bisulfite sequencing assay. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Relative levels of gene expression throughout development were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and in cases where sufficient specific gene sequence was acquired, ribonucleic acid (RNA) probes were generated to evaluate the spatial expression patterns during the period of organogenesis. (europa.eu)
  • This article summarizes the chronologic sequence of the embryologic development of the head and neck with respect to the branchial arches. (medscape.com)
  • CPEB-2, -3, and -4 have conserved nuclear export signals that are not present in CPEB-1. (nih.gov)
  • Its key features include a comprehensive microbial databases are increasingly comprehensive, it is unlikely sequence database for probe design and protocols for sam- that more than a fraction of the existing microbial ple preparation, amplification, labeling, hybridization, and sequence space has been explored. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of "human accelerated" conserved noncoding sequences (HACNSs). (yale.edu)
  • The systematic identification of conserved developmental regulatory elements has made it possible to study the impact of human-specific changes in regulatory DNAs on a genome-wide scale. (yale.edu)
  • To identify putative regulatory sequences evolving rapidly on the human lineage, we developed a test statistic (in collaboration with Shyam Prabhakar of the Genome Institute of Singapore) for assessing the significance of human-specific sequence acceleration in conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs). (yale.edu)
  • Using this approach, we identified 992 conserved noncoding sequences that are evolving rapidly on the human lineage (Fig. 1B and 1C). (yale.edu)
  • We termed these elements human-accelerated conserved noncoding sequences (HACNSs). (yale.edu)
  • We are dissecting a number of elements in detail using a synthetic approach, in which subsets of the human-specific sequence changes in each element are transferred into the chimpanzee enhancer sequence. (yale.edu)
  • They also analyzed the ASHCEs sequences and found they are very similar. (phys.org)
  • In general, capture events are longer in duration than manipulation and transport events, as found in other aquatic-feeding lower vertebrates. (uri.edu)
  • A Better Way to Find RNA Virus Needles in the Proverbial Database Haystacks Researchers combed through more than 5,000 data sets of RNA sequences generated from diverse environmental samples around the world, resulting in a five-fold increase of RNA virus diversity. (doe.gov)
  • molecular studies are difficult due to the absence of genome sequence data for any cephalopod. (europa.eu)
  • This methodology should be used to better integrate discrete epidemiological and sequence data for future viral outbreaks. (cdc.gov)