Conjugative plasmids in antibiotic. Medical search. Frequent questions

Further studies have come to the conclusion that integrons are chromosomal elements, and that their mobilisation onto plasmids has been fostered by transposons and selected by the intensive use of antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
Integrons may be found as part of mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons. (wikipedia.org)
In more modern usage, an integron located on a bacterial chromosome is termed a sedentary chromosomal integron, and one associated with transposons or plasmids is called a mobile integron. (wikipedia.org)
Furazolidone was on mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, transposons, tested only by disk diffusion, and azithromycin was tested only by broth microdilution. (cdc.gov)
AMR, through acquired genes located on transposons or conjugative plasmids, is the horizontal transmission of genes required for a given bacteria to withstand antibiotics. (mdpi.com)
the cluster is often car- was recovered by centrifugation and further purified by ried by conjugative transposons (16-18). (cdc.gov)
Indeed, mobile genetic elements [1] (plasmids, transposons, integrons , etc.) can be exchanged between bacteria of the same species or of different species. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
While many bacteria have intrinsic, chromosomally encoded ARDs and the capability of increasing resistance through mutation, they can also enrich their resistance capabilities through the acquisition of exogenous ARDs located on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as plasmids, transposons or phages. (nature.com)
Further researches confirm the presence of this operon on transposons element, conjugative plasmid and chromosomes which confers the bacteria with ability to survive mercury contamination and also confers the antibiotic resistance towards some antibiotics 5,6 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
E. faecium resistance is acquired by gene transfer systems, such as conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids or transposons. (pentec-consulting.eu)
Plasmids and conjugative transposons are very important in horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. (web.app)
Composite transposons contain genes for antibiotic resistance some have multiple resistance genes can move rapidly between plasmids and through a bacterial population gene cassettes sets of resistance genes can exist as separate genetic elements. (web.app)
The bacterial transposons belong to the dna transposons and the tn family, which are usually the carrier of additional genes for antibiotic resistance. (web.app)
Figure 2017 is a composite diagram of an r plasmid, indicating the various places at which transposons. (web.app)

Plasmids are extra-chromosomal mobile genetic elements able to transfer between bacteria through conjugation 1 . (nature.com)
Plasmids are one of the primary sources for extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria and are capable of self-transmission. (frontiersin.org)
Steady antibiotic overuse has led to the rise and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and can potentially reduce the number of therapeutic options against several dangerous human pathogens. (elifesciences.org)
In theory, the extent of fitness costs determines the long-term stability of resistance, and consequently, the rate by which the frequency of resistant bacteria decreases in an antibiotic-free environment. (elifesciences.org)
This would suggest that fitness costs shape the propagation of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the clinics. (elifesciences.org)
Once a single bacterium mutates to become resistant to antibiotics, it can transfer that resistance to other bacteria around it through a process known as horizontal gene transfer. (asm.org)
One of the main vehicles for gene transfer among bacteria are small circular pieces of DNA, or plasmids. (asm.org)
Plasmids can be transferred through direct physical contact between bacteria in a process known as conjugation, which helps bacteria share their antibiotic resistance genes with their neighbors. (asm.org)
As S. Typhimurium frequently encounters gut bacteria, plasmid sharing, and the spread of resistance genes, is a real concern. (asm.org)
A study recently published in ASM's Journal of Bacteriology discovered that a particular strain of S. Typhimurium, known as SL1344, shares its plasmids with other bacteria using the assistance of another plasmid. (asm.org)
Experiment to check whether the recipient bacteria had any pre-existing antibiotic resistance. (asm.org)
However, the researchers did not expect the plasmid to be transferred if there was no antibiotic pressure, as it would not directly benefit the bacteria to harbor resistance genes. (asm.org)
For me, the most striking thing was that…the plasmid was taken up by other bacteria even without the selective pressure [of antibiotics]," explains Marla Gaissmaier, first author of the study and now a doctoral student at LMU Munich in Germany. (asm.org)
I didn't even challenge the bacteria with streptomycin, so there was no directly visible fitness advantage in taking up the plasmid. (asm.org)
In response to this unmet requirement, a team of researchers from Canada have developed and optimized the transfer of superior conjugative plasmids between bacteria and different yeast species via conjugation. (eurekalert.org)
The team first optimized this plasmid for bacteria-to-yeast conjugation by deleting 55 genes or small genetic regions to create four streamlined plasmids: M1-M4, with two clones each. (eurekalert.org)
These modified plasmids were then transferred from Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) bacteria to S. cerevisiae via conjugation and assessed based on the yeast colony formation. (eurekalert.org)
As compared to the original pTA-Mob 2.0 plasmid, the bacteria-yeast conjugation frequency for pSC5 was 10- and 23-fold more when tested in cis (which mobilizes itself) and trans (which mobilizes another plasmid) setups, respectively. (eurekalert.org)
This could be because the bacteria had fewer adverse effects on the yeast when it was carrying the pSC5 plasmid. (eurekalert.org)
[13] The biofilm bacteria can share nutrients and are sheltered from harmful factors in the environment, such as desiccation, antibiotics, and a host body's immune system. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, many plasmids can transfer from one bacterium to another, the most sophisticated mechanism being by conjugation in which the plasmid carries genes that can create a bridge between bacteria through which a copy of the plasmid can move (Fig 1a). (resistancecontrol.info)
Plasmids can also pick up a variable cargo of other genes that can help their host bacterium grow or survive in different environments - the plasmid spreads them between bacteria and if a survival advantage is gained due to the carried genes on the plasmid there will be positive selection for its carriage. (resistancecontrol.info)
Genetically identical plasmids were identified globally in different, completely unrelated strains of bacteria. (resistancecontrol.info)
Concerns have been raised over the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella isolated from animals and food, and the role of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents such as biocides and heavy metals in the selection and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria to human hosts. (northumbria.ac.uk)
However, the overuse of antibiotics results in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (online-rpd.org)
Some bacteria that are pathogenic to humans and animals have become resistant to most of the antibiotic molecules developed by the pharmaceutical industry. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
In addition, antibiotics administered to humans and animals, and resistant bacteria selected from these hosts, have been widely disseminated in the environment. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
Bacteria have also evolved towards an increase in their antibiotic resistance capacities. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
Antimicrobial resistance is defined as the ability of certain bacteria to resist the action of one or more antibiotics . (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
2003). Cockroaches have been searched as transmitters of pathogenic bacteria and carrries of multiple antibiotic resistance strains (Fotedar et al . (pjmonline.org)
The continued emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among different bacteria in clinical and non-clinical environments is cause for concern. (uregina.ca)
Outer membrane porins in Gram-negative bacteria facilitate antibiotic influx. (imperial.ac.uk)
Three similar studies done in humans were less clear cut because humans also are exposed to antibiotics and because bacteria regularly migrate among members of the same family. (evidence-of-harm.com)
2002). However, in the early 1980's my group observed that people who had no recent exposure to antibiotics often had an abundance of Hg resistant bacteria in their feces. (evidence-of-harm.com)
Many such people were significantly (0.001, chi-square) more likely also to have bacteria with a multiple antibiotic resistance genes. (evidence-of-harm.com)
So, beginning in 1989, my group in collaboration with investigators at the University of Calgary, specifically tested two hypotheses: that Hg is released from amalgam dental restorations in amounts sufficient to select for Hg resistant bacteria in the commensal microbiota and that the Hg resistance loci thus selected would be linked to antibiotic resistance genes and borne by bacterial plasmids (Summers et al. (evidence-of-harm.com)
This was the first demonstration that a widely used non-antibiotic agent could select for antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria and do so in the primate commensal microbiota. (evidence-of-harm.com)
1997b) very much like those in the clinically-derived bacteria studied in the earliest days of plasmid research. (evidence-of-harm.com)
We tested the tradeoff hypothesis and key model predictions using conjugative plasmids and the bacteria that they infect. (yale.edu)
There is a global consensus to restrict and reduce antibiotic use, so that wild AMR genes diminish in the gut of both humans and animals, and less bacteria develop/acquire antibiotic-resistance. (pentec-consulting.eu)
It can also facilitate the conjugative transfer of multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids between commensal and pathogenic bacteria which is a significant public and animal health concern as it may affect our ability to treat bacterial infections. (nih.gov)
Transfer of antimicrobial resistance via plasmid exchange is of particular concern as it enables unrelated bacteria to acquire resistance. (nih.gov)
The gastrointestinal tract is replete with bacteria and provides an environment for plasmid transfer between commensals and pathogens. (nih.gov)
Plasmids are small circular DNA fragments that are found in many microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotes. (stemcelldaily.com)
The term plasmid was coined by Joshua Lederberg in 1952, who discovered that some bacteria can exchange genetic material through a process called conjugation. (stemcelldaily.com)
For example, plasmids can be used to produce recombinant proteins, such as insulin or human growth hormone, in bacteria or yeast cells. (stemcelldaily.com)
Exceptions are the linear plasmids in bacteria Streptomyces spp and Borrelia spp. (stemcelldaily.com)
The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in clinics and in the environment is a growing concern because plasmid encoded genes that confer antibiotic resistance are becoming more prevalent in gram-negative bacteria. (confex.com)
Within the environment the presence of heavy metals and antibiotics may apply an additional selective pressure on bacteria resulting in the accumulation of heavy metal resistance genes in plasmids which can be transmitted to other bacteria. (confex.com)
The objective of this study was to describe the genes present on the plasmids of an environmentally isolated aminoglycoside-resistant bacteria. (confex.com)
The isolate was found to have four plasmids including an IncN conjugative plasmid of 48,760 base pairs, capable of being transferred to other bacteria which was confirmed with conjugation experiments using J53 E. coli as a recipient. (confex.com)
many Gram-negative bacteria as a result of widespread use of various antibiotics [ 1,2 ]. (who.int)

Indeed, a recent study using another broad host range resistance plasmid showed that it can have a wide range of effects across different recipient strains, with some gaining a fitness benefit by maintaining the plasmid. (asm.org)
Clostridium perfringens strains were isolated, identified, and examined by disc susceptibility tests for their resistance to several antibiotics. (monash.edu)
The results showed that the percentage of C. perfringens isolates resistant to tetracycline or the macrolide‐lincosamide antibiotics was significantly higher from weaners fed one of a number of combinations of antimicrobial agents than was the percentage of resistant strains isolated from the one piggery that did not use antimicrobials. (monash.edu)
Genetic analyses showed that 3 of the resistant strains carried conjugative R‐plasmids which carried the tetracycline resistance determinants. (monash.edu)
Twenty ESBL producing strains (15%) including Escherichia coli (n = 9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 7), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 2) and Enterobacter aerogenes (n = 2) were detected and further analyzed for their resistance transfer features, plasmid profile and nature of the resistance genes. (scielo.br)
In this study, antibiotic resistance of twenty-seven Korean strains of Pectobacterium species including P. carotovorum, P. odoriferum, P. brasiliense , and P. parmenteri , which were previously shown to be susceptible to the bacteriophage phiPccP-1 was surveyed using a disk diffusion assay. (online-rpd.org)
These results indicate the presence of streptomycin-resistant Pectobacterium strains in South Korea, and the development of antibiotic alternatives to control soft rot is needed. (online-rpd.org)
Treatment of clinically relevant S . epidermidis infections frequently requires the use of glycopeptides, oxazolidinones or lipopeptide antibiotics, as resistance to beta-lactams is widespread among S . epidermidis strains [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
On the contrary, acquired antibiotic resistance occurs when certain strains of a bacterial species usually susceptible to an antibiotic acquire a genetic mechanism of resistance to it. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
However, many of the findings from the tightly controlled lab animal studies were replicated in human studies, especially the strong association of antibiotic resistance and mercury transformation in individual bacterial strains. (evidence-of-harm.com)
Subsequent work showed that among ca. 500 strains of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from these animals the Hg and antibiotic resistance genes are physically associated (i.e. genetically linked) on transferrable plasmids (Wireman et al. (evidence-of-harm.com)
He observed that some strains of Escherichia coli could transfer antibiotic resistance to other strains through a physical contact mediated by a hair-like structure called pilus. (stemcelldaily.com)
VRE, particularly E faecium strains, are frequently resistant to all antibiotics that are effective treatment for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci, which leaves clinicians treating VRE infections with limited therapeutic options. (medscape.com)

Incorporating our fitness results into a simple population dynamics model revealed a new set of conditions for plasmid stability in bacterial communities, with plasmid persistence increasing with bacterial diversity and becoming less dependent on conjugation. (nature.com)
Conjugation genes were identified portraying the conjugation ability amongst Pandoraea plasmids. (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, we found a shared region amongst some of the plasmids that consists of conjugation genes. (frontiersin.org)
The identification of genes involved in replication, segregation, toxin-antitoxin systems and conjugation, would aid the design of drugs to prevent the survival or transmission of plasmids carrying pathogenic properties. (frontiersin.org)
Transfer of a plasmid (green loop) between two bacterial cells through the process of conjugation. (asm.org)
Plasmid delivery through conjugation between bacterial species has proven effective in creating novel antimicrobial agents, targeting specific genes to eliminate or suppress pathogens. (eurekalert.org)
To create our novel plasmids, we built derivatives of the conjugative plasmid, pTA-Mob 2.0, using designed gene deletions and cluster mutations to improve bacterial conjugation with yeasts ," explained Dr. Bogumil J. Karas, Assistant Professor at University of Western Ontario and corresponding author of the study that was published in Volume 2022 of BioDesign Research on 1 September 2022 . (eurekalert.org)
Plasmid M3 clone 1 (M3C1) showed the most significant increase in conjugation efficiency. (eurekalert.org)
This mutation lowered the expression of traJ , which significantly impacted the expression of other conjugative proteins, thereby promoting conjugation. (eurekalert.org)
Conjugation of the A. tumefaciens ' virulence plasmid is tightly regulated such that it only occurs when a quorum sensing system is activated in the presence of an infected host. (platt-lab.com)
Horizontal transfer of the KPC-109-encoding plasmid was investigated by conjugation and transformation experiments. (imperial.ac.uk)
By reviewing the available data and literature, we established a computational protocol to identify and classify conjugation and mobilization genetic modules in 1,730 plasmids. (pasteur.fr)
T4CPs, relaxases, and VirB4, are at the core of plasmid conjugation, and together with accessory genes, they have evolved into specific systems adapted to specific physiological and ecological contexts. (pasteur.fr)
We observed that the plasmid's conjugation rate increased evolutionarily at the expense of host fitness, demonstrating a systematic tradeoff between horizontal and vertical modes of plasmid transmission. (yale.edu)
Also, evolutionary reductions in conjugation rate repeatedly coincided with the loss of a particular plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance gene. (yale.edu)
These names reflect their ability to transfer from one cell to another through a process called conjugation, which involves the formation of a pilus (a thin tube-like structure) between two cells and the transfer of a copy of the plasmid. (stemcelldaily.com)

Thus, the researchers hypothesized that P3 may be transferred from S. Typhimurium to diverse bacterial species in the mammalian gut environment, potentially spreading antibiotic resistance genes as it goes. (asm.org)

The gene cassettes may encode genes for antibiotic resistance, although most genes in integrons are uncharacterized. (wikipedia.org)
Some plasmids were also void of par genes and intriguingly, repA gene was also not discovered in these plasmids. (frontiersin.org)
The mutations that contributed to this increased efficiency were found to be in the promoter region of the conjugative gene traJ . (eurekalert.org)
Mutations on the rpoB gene (RNA polymerase) alters antibiotic binding site, preventing drug action. (powershow.com)
Ten plasmids encoding either KPC-2, NDM-1, or NDM-7 carbapenemases were characterized, including novel plasmids with increased resistance gene load and a novel genetic environment for bla KPC-2 gene. (biorxiv.org)
Shotgun metagenomics revealed a total of 112 different mobile antibiotic resistance gene types, conferring resistance against almost all classes of antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
Joshua Lederberg first coined the term "plasmid" in 1952 (3) , and since their discovery as "extra-chromosomal hereditary determinants", studies have highlighted their role in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and usefulness as tools in molecular biology. (resistancecontrol.info)
However, in the early 1970s, Stanley Falkow, Stanley Cohen, Herbert Boyer, Donald Helinski, Charles Brinton and several others developed the concept of using plasmids as tools for gene cloning. (resistancecontrol.info)
Antibiotic resistance gene distribution in Community and Hospital Isolates of Bacteroides spp. (cdc.gov)
Most of these plasmids were detected to carry both TEM- and SHV-derived genes by PCR, and confirmed by localizing each gene by hybridization assay. (scielo.br)
This plasmid also harbored two arsenic resistance gene cassettes. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Genetic analysis revealed that group 3 gene clusters shared closely related serotype-specific region 2 and were diversified through recombination events and plasmid transfer between multiple Enterobacteriaceae species. (bvsalud.org)
Although QACs may play an important role in the propagation of antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs), the potential contribution and mechanism remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Finally, we found that the relative abundance of pdARDs was positively associated with gene richness, but not when subjects were exposed to antibiotics. (nature.com)
Plasmids are key vectors of horizontal gene transfer and essential genetic engineering tools. (pasteur.fr)
Plasmids can also be used to study gene expression and regulation, gene function and interaction, and gene therapy. (stemcelldaily.com)
This is a gene that confers resistance to a certain antibiotic or toxin, which helps in identifying and selecting the cells that contain the plasmid. (stemcelldaily.com)
The isolate also contains a plasmid with a chromate resistance gene ( chrA ) adjacent to an arsenic resistance operon. (confex.com)
This arrangement of the chromate resistance ( chrA ) gene and arsenic resistance operon has been described in the plasmids of three other isolates, one of which was isolated clinically in Virginia, U.S.A. while the other two samples were isolated environmentally in a Citrobacter amalonaticus in South Korea and in a Pluralibacter gergoviae in Malaysia. (confex.com)
This is the first report of an isolate that contains this arrangement of the arsenic resistance operon, chrA gene, and multiple antibiotic resistance genes encoded on plasmids. (confex.com)

In this study, we determined the fitness effects of the major antibiotic resistance plasmid pOXA-48_K8 in wild-type, ecologically compatible enterobacterial isolates from the human gut microbiota. (nature.com)
Most resistance resulted from acquired clinical isolates of laboratory-confi rmed V. cholerae O1 genes located on an integrating conjugative element were recovered by the National Public Health Laboratory in showing high homology to an integrating conjugative Haiti and submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and element identifi ed in a V. cholerae isolate from India. (cdc.gov)
During an epidemic or outbreak, antibiotic susceptibility should be monitored through regular testing of sample isolates from various geographic areas. (cdc.gov)
High resistance to most of the antibiotics tested was observed among the isolates, five ST25, three ST11, one ST45, and one ST505, which harbored a total of 44 plasmids, many of them predicted to be conjugative and carrying genes conferring resistance to a variety of antibiotic, metals, and disinfectants. (biorxiv.org)
This study's results confirmed an explosion of antibiotic resistance amongst E. coli isolates from UTI against β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study the antibiotic, heavy metal and disinfectant resistance genotypes and phenotypes of 19 S. enterica isolates from food-producing animals were established using whole genome sequence analysis, disc diffusion, as well as broth or agar dilution methods. (northumbria.ac.uk)
ABSTRACT We investigated antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid profiles of uropathogenic Escher- ichia coli isolates from inpatients and outpatients at Jordan University Hospital in 2000 and 2001. (who.int)
A large, transferable R-plasmid of 28 kb was found in most E. coli isolates (67%) that were resistant to at least ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline. (who.int)
MDR plasmid transfer from Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli was demonstrated by PCR and whole-genome sequencing of isolates purified from agar plates containing cefotaxime. (nih.gov)

These high-risk pathogens have developed mainly by acquiring different mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and genomic islands (GIs) encoding an array of virulence and antibiotic resistance factors[ 2 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Positive cultures were submitted pathogens with antimicrobial susceptibility for antibiotic susceptibility using the disk patterns that have changed over time [ 1-6 ]. (who.int)
The intestinal microbiota is considered to be a major reservoir of antibiotic resistance determinants (ARDs) that could potentially be transferred to bacterial pathogens via mobile genetic elements. (nature.com)
Enterococci have both an intrinsic and acquired resistance to antibiotics, making them important nosocomial pathogens. (medscape.com)

The conjugative systems that they often encode allow for their horizontal transmission to other bacterial cells. (platt-lab.com)
Tradeoff between horizontal and vertical modes of transmission in bacterial plasmids. (yale.edu)
However, contrary to model predictions, susceptible host density had no significant effect on the evolution of horizontal versus vertical modes of plasmid transmission. (yale.edu)

RESUME Nous avons étudié la résistance aux antimicrobiens et les profils plasmidiques des isolats d' Escherichia coli uropathogénique chez des malades hospitalisés et des malades externes à l'Hôpital universitaire jordanien en 2000 et 2001. (who.int)
We show that transfer of a multidrug-resistant plasmid from the zoonotic pathogen Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli occurs at a high rate, even in the absence of antibiotic administration. (nih.gov)

The choice of antibiotic should be informed by local antibiotic susceptibility patterns. (cdc.gov)
Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. (bvsalud.org)
In the first phase of our study, we collected tested for antibiotic susceptibility prior to the culture results of all midstream urine use. (who.int)

These results provide baseline knowledge for the detailed understanding of molecular and genetic determinants behind antibiotic resistance and virulence of K. pneumoniae in Chile and South America. (biorxiv.org)
d) Analyze the functions of the plasmids replication, conjugative mobility and maintenance genes by in vitro techniques, detect and quantify the plasmid-associated resistance determinants in the environment upstream and downstream of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) using molecular methods. (uregina.ca)
Using molecular PCR tools, I have also detected and quantified the plasmid sequences and resistance determinants in manure-amended soil and effluent influenced water ecosystems. (uregina.ca)
The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in this phenomenon as it harbours a vast diversity of bacterial species, some of them possessing antibiotic resistance determinants (ARDs) that may enable their survival under antibiotic exposure. (nature.com)

Our study indicates that restricting antimicrobial usage could be a useful policy, but for certain antibiotics only. (elifesciences.org)
It is a public health issue that the widespread use of antibiotics for the treatment of UTIs has led to the growth of antimicrobial resistant UPECs, which makes it harder to treat, prevent, and manage UTIs. (biomedcentral.com)

Indeed, these mobile integrons, as they are now known, can carry a variety of cassettes containing genes that are almost exclusively related to antibiotic resistance. (wikipedia.org)

While many studies have decorticated the mechanisms of mobility in model plasmids, the identification and characterization of plasmid mobility from genome data are unexplored. (pasteur.fr)
The main difference between plasmid and transposon is that plasmid transfer genetic material between genomes whereas transposon transfer genetic material between chromosomes within the same genome. (web.app)

Previously, antibiotics of the tetracycline class were not recommended for pregnant women due to teratogenic effects, or in children due to dental discoloration. (cdc.gov)

Most very large plasmids are nonmobilizable, with evidence of ongoing domestication into secondary chromosomes. (pasteur.fr)
Usually, small plasmids are present in high numbers and large plasmids are present in few numbers. (stemcelldaily.com)

On a sequence level, P3 very closely resembles another plasmid known as pRSF1010, which has a broad host range, meaning it can replicate in a wide variety of bacterial species. (asm.org)
Thereafter, five derivative plasmids of M3C1 were created containing the traJ mutation, including the pSuperCon5 (pSC5) plasmid with additional elements for improved conjugative transfer to diverse yeast species and diatoms. (eurekalert.org)
Furthermore, the pSC5 plasmid allowed for successful DNA transfer to seven yeast species, including Candida auris -a known pathogen-albeit with varying levels of efficiency. (eurekalert.org)
Commercial products with antibiotics like streptomycin as active ingredients have been used to control soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium species for a long time. (online-rpd.org)
To survive, they develop genetic and biochemical mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, which have spread widely between species due to their frequent genetic exchanges. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
In this study, our objective was to perform an extensive characterization of the human gut resistome (including the capacity of ARDs to transfer between species) and to assess its dynamics under various antibiotic exposures. (nature.com)
To precisely determine the species of a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas strain 1809276 isolated from the urine of a Chinese patient and analyze its integrative and conjugative element (ICE) 1276 formation mechanism. (figshare.com)
Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing was carried out on strain 18091276 to obtain the complete chromosome and plasmid (pCN1276) sequences, and average nucleotide identity (ANI) was used for precise species identification. (figshare.com)
Plasmids can vary in size from 1 kb to 200 kb, and they can exist in different species and get transferred from one cell to another. (stemcelldaily.com)
Therefore, exposure to these antibiotic agents inhibits but does not kill these species. (medscape.com)

Drug-Resistance integrons, and integrating conjugative elements (ICEs). (cdc.gov)
We have demonstrated that drug-resistance frequently declines within 480 generations during exposure to an antibiotic-free environment. (elifesciences.org)
Findings explain the necessity of deep changes in quantity and quality of drug resistance diagnosis and antibiotic therapy strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
Evolutionary rescue and drug resistance on multicopy plasmids. (mpg.de)
If the dna of a plasmid conferring drug resistance carrying the genes for kanamycin resistance, for example is denatured to singlestranded forms and then allowed to renature slowly, some of the strands form an unusual shape under the electron microscope. (web.app)

The term has since been used for integrons of various cassette array lengths or for integrons on bacterial chromosomes (versus, for example, plasmids). (wikipedia.org)
Plasmids are small genetic structures that are independent from the chromosomes and can replicate on their own. (eurekalert.org)
Fixation dynamics of beneficial alleles in prokaryotic polyploid chromosomes and plasmids. (mpg.de)

Expression of ESBL is often associated with multidrug resistance and dissemination by resistance plasmids. (scielo.br)

Here, the results showed that benzyl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) significantly promoted plasmid RP4-mediated ARGs transfer within and across genera at environmental relevant concentrations (0.0004-0.4 mg/L). Low concentrations of QACs did not contribute to the permeability of the cell plasma membrane, but significantly increased the permeability of the cell outer membrane due to the decrease in content of lipopolysaccharides. (bvsalud.org)
Functions of animal manure and handled wastewater may enrich antibiotic-resistant micro organism (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within the plant microbiome. (korilog.com)
Analysis of the plasmids conjugative mobility and stability have provided insights about the possible persistence and transfer of ARGs to bacterial communities in the environments receiving waste effluent and livestock manure. (uregina.ca)

Cassette maintenance requires that they be integrated within a replicative element (chromosome, plasmids). (wikipedia.org)
The majority of the 3B capsule clusters were found on plasmids, contrary to the defining feature of group 3 capsule genes localizing at the serA locus on the E. coli chromosome. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, K-2157 harbored two plasmids: one of 113,644 bp (KPC+) and another of 230,602 bp, containing virulence genes, in addition to an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) embedded on its chromosome, revealing that the presence of these mobile genetic elements mediates the convergence between virulence and antibiotic resistance. (bvsalud.org)

Integrons were initially discovered on conjugative plasmids through their role in antibiotic resistance. (wikipedia.org)

Hence, the spread of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties caused by plasmids is possible, leading to a threat in public health. (frontiersin.org)
Plasmids often carry genes that confer some advantage to the host cell, such as antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, or metabolic capabilities. (stemcelldaily.com)

Resistance can result from the accumulation of selected mutations over time, or from the acquisition of genetic elements such as plasmids, introns, or conjugative elements, which confer rapid spread of resistance. (cdc.gov)
pTA-Mob 2.0 is composed of genetic elements required for plasmid maintenance and transfer, making it ideal for this study. (eurekalert.org)
The acquisition of new antibiotic resistance may be linked to mutations (see Genetic Polymorphism and Variation ) affecting the properties or level of expression of resistance genes. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
Plasmids are also known as extra-chromosomal elements or genetic tools. (stemcelldaily.com)
Plasmids have been widely used in biotechnology and genetic engineering, as they can be manipulated to introduce, modify, or delete specific genes in the host cell. (stemcelldaily.com)

Moreover, genomic results showed a link between pOXA-48_K8 fitness effects and bacterial phylogeny, helping to explain plasmid epidemiology. (nature.com)

The extent of resistance loss was found to be generally antibiotic-specific, driven by mutations that reduce both resistance level and fitness costs of antibiotic-resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
We conclude that phenotypic reversion to the antibiotic-sensitive state can be mediated by the acquisition of additional mutations, while maintaining the original resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
However, in other cases, such deleterious side effects of resistance mutations are undetectable, and resistance can even confer benefits in specific, antibiotic-free environmental settings ( Maharjan and Ferenci, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
2007) and simple mutations which provides them with new traits (antibiotic-resistance, xenobiotic degradation) so they can survive and colonize their new environment. (pjmonline.org)
While mutations reducing OmpK36 expression via transcriptional silencing are known, we uniquely demonstrate the repeated selection of a synonymous ompK36 mutation mediating translational suppression in response to antibiotic pressure. (imperial.ac.uk)

Much of the early work on plasmids focused on the observation that resistance to antibiotics seemed to transfer from one strain to another, leading to the description of R-factors (4, 5) . (resistancecontrol.info)
This diagram presents the main bacterial targets of antibiotics and the primary mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)

Replication genes were not identified in some plasmids, a situation that has led to the possibility of host interaction involvement. (frontiersin.org)
The copy number is regulated by various factors, such as the size of the plasmid, the origin of replication, and the availability of nutrients and energy. (stemcelldaily.com)
Some plasmids are compatible with each other and can be maintained together in a stable state, while others are incompatible and compete for resources or interfere with each other`s replication or expression. (stemcelldaily.com)
This is a specific sequence of DNA where the replication of the plasmid begins. (stemcelldaily.com)

Plasmids are also known as sex factors , conjugants , extra chromosomal replicons , or transfer factors . (stemcelldaily.com)

or mutated pTA-Mob 2.0 Tp/To plasmids from E. coli. (eurekalert.org)

They are extrachromosomal and not essential for the survival of the cell, but they may confer some advantages such as antibiotic resistance or virulence. (stemcelldaily.com)
Among the most common antibiotic resistance genes are those that confer resistance to aminoglycosides, used heavily in clinics and agriculture. (confex.com)
Within this plasmid approximately four thousand base pairs upstream of the IncN conjugative region, there is a multiresistance region encoding resistance to neomycin ( aph-(3')-I ) followed by genes that confer resistance to puromycin, streptomycin ( aada1 -like), spectinomycin ( aada1 -like), and trimethoprim ( dfr12 ). (confex.com)

The findings of this study do not suggest resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics are widespread among Salmonella isolated from Australian food-producing animals. (northumbria.ac.uk)
I have also isolated and characterized five plasmids from swine manure and WWTP environments, these plasmids carry multiple resistance genes to clinically relevant antibiotics (macrolides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim), quaternary ammonium compounds and heavy metals (mercury, chromium and zinc). (uregina.ca)

These fitness costs make it difficult to explain how plasmids are maintained in bacterial populations over the long-term in the absence of selection for plasmid-encoded traits, a puzzle known as "the plasmid-paradox" 10 . (nature.com)
Amongst the favourable traits carried on plasmids, genes conferring antibiotic resistance are of particular concern in the spread of drug-resistant infections (6) . (resistancecontrol.info)
But it was not until techniques like DNA sequencing became commonplace that the extent of the role plasmids play in the dissemination and evolution of resistance traits became clear (7) . (resistancecontrol.info)
Plasmids play a key role in the ecology and evolution of bacterial populations as they frequently carry genes conferring traits such as antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis. (platt-lab.com)

Second, studies tend to analyse the fitness effects of a single plasmid in a single bacterium. (nature.com)
1. The donor bacterium has a conjugative plasmid that the recipient bacterium does not have. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
3. The donor bacterium replicates its plasmid and transfers it to the recipient bacterium. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
4. The recipient bacterium has acquired new plasmid genes and is itself becoming a donor bacterium. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
6. The recipient bacterium integrates the donor bacterial fragment which then gives it new properties (virulence, antibiotic resistance, etc. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)

Cefepime and the inoculum effect in tests with Klebsiella pneumoniae producing plasmid-mediated AmpC-type beta-lactamase. (cmac-journal.ru)

These results help to explain the high prevalence of plasmids in the greatly diverse natural microbial communities. (nature.com)
This study aimed to assay the prevalence of common β-lactam resistance genes including bla TEM , bla SHV , bla CTX-M and bla CMY and phenotypic resistance to commonly used β-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in UTIs. (biomedcentral.com)

An ampicillin and streptomycin resistant S. Infantis isolate in this study harbored a β-lactamase (blaTEM-1), and two streptomycin resistance conferring genes (strA and strB) on a class 1 integron mobilized on a large conjugative plasmid. (northumbria.ac.uk)
b) Isolate plasmids encoding multiple antibiotic resistance genes from swine manure, analyze the conjugative mobility, and detect plasmid-specific sequences in the soil following manure application using PCR method. (uregina.ca)

Plasmid stabilization/stability protein-encoding genes were observed in some plasmids but were not established for participating in plasmid segregation. (frontiersin.org)

Plasmids are recognized as one of the major contributors to the rapid worldwide spread of resistance genes. (resistancecontrol.info)

Antibiotic target and bacterial resistance mechanisms. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
Figure 1 schematically presents the targets of antibiotics and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to these molecules. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)

Although all plasmids basically function in similar ways, what makes targeting plasmids difficult is that the genes and proteins they need for multiplication and stable inheritance are highly diverse making it unlikely to find a single compound that will block them all. (resistancecontrol.info)
Phylogenetic patterns of mobility proteins are consistent with the phylogeny of the host prokaryotes, suggesting that plasmid mobility is in general circumscribed within large clades. (pasteur.fr)

Microbes form a biofilm in response to a number of different factors, [9] which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics . (wikipedia.org)

Some of the most clinically relevant resistance genes, such those encoding carbapenemases (ß-lactamase enzymes able to degrade carbapenem antibiotics), are carried on conjugative plasmids that spread across high-risk bacterial clones 5 , 6 . (nature.com)
Carbapenem antibiotic. (medscape.com)

We used an in vitro chemostat system to approximate the chicken cecal microbiota, simulate colonization by an MDR Salmonella pathogen, and examine the dynamics of transfer of its MDR plasmid harboring several genes, including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bla CTX-M1 We also evaluated the impact of cefotaxime administration on plasmid transfer and microbial diversity. (nih.gov)

c) Characterize antibiotic resistance plasmids and bacterial communities isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant environment using comparative genomics approach and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) microbial profiling method. (uregina.ca)

Anatomy4

Organisms55

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs77

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes80

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care5

Transposons14

Bacteria52

Strains13

Conjugation16

Spreading antibiotic resistance1

Gene20

Isolates9

Pathogens4

Horizontal3

Escherichia2

Susceptibility3

Determinants4

Antimicrobial2

Related to antibiotic resistance1

Genome2

Tetracycline1

Large plasmids2

Species10

Drug-Resistance5

Chromosomes3

Multidrug resistance1

ARGs3

Chromosome3

Integrons1

Virulence factors2

Genetic5

Genomic1

Mutations5

Resistance to antibiotics2

Replication4

Extra-chromosomal1

Coli1

Confer3

Clinically relevant antibiotics2

Traits4

Bacterium5

Klebsiella1

Prevalence2

Isolate2

Stability1

Spread of resistance1

Mechanisms2

Proteins2

Exposure1

Carbapenem2

Beta-lactamase1

Bacterial communities1