Conjugation hapten carrier. Medical search. Frequent questions

The immunogenic portion of the vaccine is linked to the hapten by a conjugated protein/macromolecular carrier. (wikipedia.org)
The entire configuration is called a hapten-conjugated protein/macromolecular carrier. (wikipedia.org)

Hapten-specific IgE antibodies were detected in the sera of English short-hair strain guinea pigs immunized with either toluene diisocyanate-human serum albumin (TDI-HSA) or hexamethylene diisocyanate-HSA (HDI-HSA) when these sera were analyzed by the 168 hr passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) technique followed by intravenous challenges with conjugates of respective ligands coupled to an unrelated carrier protein, transferrin. (cdc.gov)
It was therefore apparent that immune responses of guinea pigs immunized with protein conjugates of bifunctional isocyanates were heterogeneous and involved multiple specificities for hapten, carrier protein, and new antigenic determinants. (cdc.gov)
The effect of different degrees of conjugation of levan, dextran, pneumococcal polysaccharide SIII and the copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine with the 2,4-dinitrophenyl determinant (DNP) on the immunogenic and tolerogenic capacity of its haptenic conjugates was investigated in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
It is worthy to be noticed that conjugates can be injected into any animal except the animal of origin for the carrier protein when used for the production of antibodies. (creative-biolabs.com)
This ReadiLink™ BSA Conjugation kit is primarily optimized for the simple preparation of hapten-carrier conjugates for immunization and antibody production. (aatbio.com)
We prepared respective tetanus toxoid (TT)-hapten conjugates as heroin vaccine immunogens and evaluated their efficacy in vivo. (nih.gov)
We showed that all TT-hapten conjugates induced high antibody endpoint titers against the targets but only haptens and can induce protective effects against heroin in vivo. (nih.gov)
None of the TT-hapten conjugates induced antibodies that cross-reacted with morphine, methadone, naloxone, or naltrexone, and only TT- interacted weakly with buprenorphine, and that subtle structural difference, especially at the C6 position, can vastly alter the specificity of the induced antibodies. (nih.gov)
In immunization experiments conjugates (espcially KHL) are used extensively as a carrier protein in the production of antibodies. (antibodies-online.com)
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 15, 321-335 (1975) Induction of Primary and Inhibition of Secondary Antibody Response to Hapten by Hapten Conjugates of Type III Pneumococcal Polysaccharide? (nih.gov)
Hapten-hemocyanin (TNP-KLH) or hapten conjugates of B. abortus organisms (DNP-BA) induced both 19S and 7S primary responses and memory to the hapten. (nih.gov)
Spleen cells from mice immunized with TNP- KLH or DNP-BA did not give adoptive memory responses upon challenge with hapten-SIII and, in fact, were inhibited from responding to their homologous hapten conjugates by simultaneous injection of hapten-SIII. (nih.gov)
On the other hand, hapten conjugates of nonimmunogenic molecules such as a copolymer of p-glutamic acid and p-lysine (p-GL) (6-8), syngeneic y-globulin (9, 10), and syngeneic red cells 1 Supported by Grant AI-3076 from the United States Public Health Service and in part by Grant GFB13592 AI from the National Science Foundation. (nih.gov)
It has been suggested that "nonimmunogenic" hapten-carrier conjugates miglit have important applications in the abrogation of ongoing but unwanted humoral responses (12). (nih.gov)
It would be of interest if hapten conjugates could be found which specifically abolish some but not all facets of the immune response to the hapten. (nih.gov)

It contains numerous sites per molecule for effective conjugation of peptides and other antigens using amine-reactive or carboxyl-reactive crosslinkers. (aatbio.com)
All small peptides or haptens must be coupled to a carrier protein (KLH, BSA, Ovalbumin, or Thyroglobulin) before conjugation. (atzlabs.com)
In order to improve expression levels, solubility, folding, purification and detection of recombinant proteins, a very strategy is the conjugation with peptides or proteins. (antibodies-online.com)
Low molecular weight haptens such as peptides, small proteins and drug molecules are generally not immunogenic and require the aid of a carrier protein in order to stimulate an immune response. (antibodies-online.com)
Conjugate vaccines use carrier proteins to increase the immunogenicity of antigens (e.g., peptides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides) and other haptens. (genengnews.com)

Consequently, BSA is a popular carrier protein for conjugation to haptens and other weak antigens to make them more immunogenic for antibody production. (aatbio.com)
Free Peptide or other hapten Antigens supplied to us. (atzlabs.com)
Within the rapidly growing vaccine space, conjugate vaccines-polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to carrier proteins-have been shown to be effective against several bacterial pathogens. (genengnews.com)
Antigens DNPoo-SITI and TNPii9-SIHI were prepared by conjugation to SITI of «DNP- L-lysine HCI (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) or ~TNP-t-lysine HCl (Nutritional Biochemicals Corp., Cleveland, OH), respectively, by the cyanogen halide method of Axen and Ernback (16) as described by Mitchell e¢ a/. (15). (nih.gov)

The carrier proteins used are all able to produce an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Conjugation of Synthetic Oligosaccharides to Proteins by Squaric Acid Chemistry. (nih.gov)
Direct Conjugation of Bacterial Polysaccharides to Proteins by Squaric Acid Chemistry. (nih.gov)
However, apparent cross-reactivity in the double gel diffusion experiments was due to new antigenic determinants formed by isocyanates after conjugation with proteins. (cdc.gov)
Carrier proteins both increase the magnitude of the immune response as well as engender B-cell "memory. (genengnews.com)
The number of carrier proteins used in licensed vaccines is relatively limited and includes tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, CRM 197 (a nontoxic mutant of diphtheria toxin), Haemophilus influenzae protein D, and Neisseria outer membrane protein. (genengnews.com)
Access to clinically-proven, safe, and efficacious carrier proteins is critical for research in the field of conjugate vaccines. (genengnews.com)
Typical carrier proteins are keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and ovalbumin. (cellmosaic.com)
Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin). (cdc.gov)

Cross-Reactive Material 197 (CRM197) is a non-toxic mutant form of the 58-kd diphtheria toxin that serves as a carrier protein for polysaccharides and haptens in a number of conjugate vaccines, to enhance their immunogenicity. (scarabgenomics.com)

The hapten specificity of these antibodies was proved by PCA inhibition experiments and antibody absorption experiments. (cdc.gov)
Based on many years of professional experience in the design and development of small molecule antibodies, Creative Biolabs offers the design and synthesis of compound-specific haptens for BZs to support the relative researches and detections by the immunoassay methods. (creative-biolabs.com)
1) The linking spacer should be far from the functional groups to avoid affecting the recognition of the antibodies to hapten. (creative-biolabs.com)
Therefore antibodies to the carrier protein are not detected. (atzlabs.com)

The resulting conjugate is used for eliciting an immune response and antibody production against the hapten. (aatbio.com)
The anti-hapten response may have similar properties as the response to its carrier in that it is limited to antibody production of the 19S class (1, 2) and deficient in the formation of immunological memory (5). (nih.gov)
For example, B-cell tolerogens such as the dinitrophenylated (DNP) p-GL inhibit antibody production while leaving intact T-cell functions with specificity for the hapten such as delayed and contact hypersensitivity (13, 14). (nih.gov)
CellMosaic provides personalized hapten-carrier bioconjugation kits for antibody production and immunoassay tools. (cellmosaic.com)
Download Documents SDS USER MANUAL COA_Activated KLH Lots11.0126 Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is used extensively as a carrier protein for antibody production. (cellmosaic.com)
Download Documents SDS USER MANUAL COA_Ova-mal-lots7.0126 Ovalbumin (Ova) is a small protein sometimes used as a carrier protein for antibody production. (cellmosaic.com)

The Hapten-BSA conjugate can now be used for immunization. (aatbio.com)
If the Hapten-BSA conjugate is to be stored for more than a few days, sterile filter the conjugate, and store at 4 °C or -20 °C. (aatbio.com)
CRM 197 , which has a single amino acid substitution of glutamic acid for glycine, is a well-characterized carrier protein and is utilized in a number of approved conjugate vaccines for diseases such as meningitis and pneumococcal bacterial infection. (genengnews.com)
Conjugate Epitope density, measured by acid hydrolysis and RP-HPLC, showed that the conjugation achieved with recombinant CRM 197 is indeed comparable to that obtained from the native organism. (genengnews.com)

INTRODUCTION Immunization with hapten coupled to a polysaccharide carrier which, by itself, induces thymus-independent immune responses, may give rise to anti-hapten anti- body (1, 2). (nih.gov)
BSA is often used as a carrier protein for immunization. (cellmosaic.com)

There will be an additional charge of Rs 19500 for conjugation (up to 10-mg peptide). (atzlabs.com)

J. J. Monn, M. Hemevsercer, anp G. J. THorBECKE Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 Received June 20, 1974 Tri- or dinitrophenylated pneumococcal polysaccharide type II] (TNP- or DNP- SIT) ) induced a primary 19S anti-TNP response without generating immunological memory to the hapten in LAF: mice. (nih.gov)

Nicotine vaccines are immunogens made up of synthetic drug haptens connected to immunogenic carriers, which are then packaged in adjuvants to boost immunogenicity. (wikipedia.org)

The constitution of nicotine vaccines involves the addition of adjuvants to the conjugation between synthetic drug-derived haptens which share structural similarities to nicotine, and the immunogenic carrier protein. (wikipedia.org)

Isolation, Purification, Characterization and Direct Conjugation of the Lipid A-Free Lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O139. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, our service also contains the modification and characterization of haptens based on customers' special objectives. (creative-biolabs.com)
Glycococonjugate vaccine homogeneity is an important criterion to ensure complete physico-chemical characterization, thereby, satisfying more and more demanding drug regulatory agency recommendations, a criterion which is unmet by classical conjugation strategies. (hal.science)

The molecular structure of hapten should contain a certain degree of complexity or rigidity, such as containing benzene ring, heterocyclic group, branch structure and so on. (creative-biolabs.com)
The basis of hapten- molecular mechanisms of the sensitization pro- protein binding work is the hypothesis that upon cess will result in novel opportunities for the skin absorption, only protein-reactive chemicals development of alternative methods for assessing (or those that can be metabolically or chemically skin sensitization hazard and relative potency of converted to protein-reactive species) are able to chemicals. (cdc.gov)

and structure (branched or linear) of the carrier molecules. (ox.ac.uk)

Fig.1 The position in BZ for the compound-specific haptens design and synthesis. (creative-biolabs.com)
At Creative Biolabs , we provide the design and synthesis of compound-specific haptens for BZs with outstanding researchers and advanced technologies. (creative-biolabs.com)
We also offer the design and synthesis of class-specific haptens for BZs . (creative-biolabs.com)
The protocol is limited to the synthesis of glycoconjugates in a 1:1 carbohydrate hapten/carrier protein ratio but amenable to numerous pairs of biorthogonal functional groups. (hal.science)

do not appear to induce immune responses, but on the contrary may induce toler- ance to the hapten (11). (nih.gov)

Heterobifunctional Reactive groups maleimide and NHS ester Primary amine and sulhydryl reactive Hapten-carrier protein conjugation 1,2 Soluble in DMSO and chloroform Storage: Shipped at ambient temperature, upon receipt store at 4°C. (thomassci.com)
M-PEG-2-methylacrylate can be used as a carrier for poorly soluble drugs, which can enhance their absorption and effectiveness in the body. (axispharm.com)

For example, ficoll has been intensively studied as a carrier for CpG adjuvants, which has been shown in adjuvants to include size (a key determinant of delivery to the phagocytic system of macrophages), high water solubility, capacity for a variety of surface chemistries, and the expected advantages such as immunogenicity and toxicity and ease of lyophilization. (cd-bioparticles.net)

Wnt-C59 inhibits PORCN activity in vitro at nanomolar concentrations, as assessed by inhibition of Wnt palmitoylation, Wnt interaction with the carrier protein Wntless/WLS, Wnt secretion, and Wnt activation of β-catenin reporter activity. (medkoo.com)

Higher concentration of DMSO might irreversibly denature the carrier protein. (aatbio.com)

This reactive handle can next be used to specifically and efficiently graft a synthetic oligosaccharide hapten to provide a homogeneous glycoconjugate vaccine. (hal.science)

Haptens might be directly coupled to the carrier for the preparation of artificial antigen if it contains active groups, such as -COOH, -NH2, -OH and so on. (creative-biolabs.com)
Preparation of hapten derivatives. (creative-biolabs.com)
This methodology is herein applied to the preparation of a carrier protein containing an UAA harboring a bioorthogonal functional group. (hal.science)

The epimeric analogues of these haptens, and , failed to protect mice from the effects of heroin. (nih.gov)

It was later found that its conjugation to a hapten can generate a strong antigen-specific primary immune memory. (cd-bioparticles.net)

The following protocol is a general protocol for a wide variety of haptens. (aatbio.com)
Optimize the protocol accordingly for the conjugation efficiencies upon the size and structure of your hapten. (aatbio.com)

The role of the carrier protein is to enhance immunogenicity by providing T-cell epitopes via MHC Class II presentation to T-helper cells. (genengnews.com)

A drug molecule with its structural composition altered and a chemical linker connected is referred to as a hapten. (wikipedia.org)
However, most nanovaccines fabricated with nanomaterials suffer from carrier-related concerns, including low drug loading capacity, unpredictable metabolism, and potential systemic toxicity, which bring obstacles for their clinical translation. (bvsalud.org)
Illustrations of three main noncovalent drug-loading schemes including (A) hydrophobic, (B) electrostatic and (C) physical confinement-based drug conjugation. (medscape.com)

Pharmaceutical vaccine haptens attempt to imitate the structure of nicotine since the metabolites of nicotine (half-life of nicotine = 1-2 hours) are less physiologically active than the parent compound. (wikipedia.org)

The binding sites of the labeled antibody become occupied partly by the sample analyte (depending on its concentration) and partly by the ruthenium-labeled hapten to form the respective immunocomplexes. (cdc.gov)

The mechanism of cellular interaction involved, if any, is unclear, but it has been suggested that direct mitogenic activity of these carriers for B cells is of prime importance in inducing T-cell independent responses (3, 4). (nih.gov)

A variety of carriers can be employed for coupling with haptens. (creative-biolabs.com)

For compound-specific haptens design, we mainly focus on the position in C5 of BZs, shown in Fig.1. (creative-biolabs.com)
Haptens design. (creative-biolabs.com)

The linker is vital for linking the hapten to the carrier protein, providing the appropriate geometry for the binding of hapten to B cells. (wikipedia.org)
It is suggested that a difference in avidity and/or number of anti-TNP receptors per cell between virgin and primed B cells may be an important factor in determining whether the cells will be stimulated or inhibited by exposure to hapten-SIII. (nih.gov)

Choice of linking spacer in hapten derivatives. (creative-biolabs.com)
ADI can couple these to the carrier of your choice using desired method of coupling (NH2, COOH or Cysteine groups). (atzlabs.com)

A strikingly uniform effect of hapten conjugation was observed despite the marked difference in the mol. (ox.ac.uk)

Both these appear to have acquired the penicillinase plasmid by conjugation or transduction and then propagated by selection. (pharmacy180.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms4

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes27

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Health Care2

Conjugated protein2

Conjugates15

Peptides5

Antigens4

Proteins9

Polysaccharides1

Antibodies4

Antibody production6

Conjugate4

Immunization2

Peptide1

Pneumococcal polysaccharide1

Immunogens1

Immunogenic1

Characterization3

Molecular2

Molecules1

Synthesis4

Induce1

Soluble2

Adjuvants1

Inhibition1

DMSO1

Synthetic1

Preparation3

Mice1

Antigen1

PROTOCOL2

Immunogenicity1

Drug3

Structure1

Concentration1

Interaction1

Variety1

Design2

Cells2

Choice2

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Selection1