Conformation caenorhabditis elegans proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans has become an intensely studied model organism, and worm studies have made significant contributions to developmental biology and other fields. (biomedcentral.com)
Invertebrate organisms, such as the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans , provide in vivo models of human disease processes that can be instrumental for initial pharmacological studies. (biomedcentral.com)

Drosophila melanogaster for example has only 2 genes, whereas Caenorhabditis elegans has only one. (wikipedia.org)
The advent of high throughput -omics has made the accumulation of comprehensive data sets possible, consisting of changes in genes, transcripts, proteins and metabolites. (mdpi.com)
This model of how nuclear positioning works is primarily based on experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans worms with mutations in the genes for either the UNC-84 or ANC-1 protein ( Starr and Fridolfsson, 2010 ). (elifesciences.org)
Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
This entailed mining available transcriptomic and/or genomic sequence datasets for the presence of homologues of known TIMPs, predicting secondary structures of defined protein sequences, systematic phylogenetic analyses and assessment of differential expression of genes encoding putative TIMPs in the developmental stages of A. suum , N. americanus and Schistosoma haematobium which infect the mammalian hosts. (biomedcentral.com)

and the intrinsic pathway, which is activated by cellular stress and is regulated primarily at the level of mitochondria by the Bcl-2 family of proteins ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) are a multifunctional family of proteins that orchestrate extracellular matrix turnover, tissue remodelling and other cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)

Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics due to mutations in proteins involved in the fusion-fission machinery represent an important pathogenic mechanism of human diseases. (centrodinoferrari.com)
The most relevant proteins involved in the mitochondrial fusion process are three GTPase dynamin-like proteins: mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and 2 (MFN2), located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, and optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), in the inner membrane. (centrodinoferrari.com)
Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a cytosolic dynamin-related GTPase, plays a central role in fission by promoting mitochondrial division through its oligomerization into multimeric spiral structures [5]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
de Marcos-Lousa C, P Sideris D, Tokatlidis K. (2006) Translocation of mitochondrial inner-membrane proteins: conformation matters. (forth.gr)
The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated in response to a variety of stress signals ( Willis and Adams, 2005 ), and a complex interplay of Bcl-2 proteins relays this signal to the mitochondrial outer membrane (OM) to initiate Bak and Bax activation, oligomerisation and OM damage ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
However, in certain cell types, the extrinsic pathway also induces mitochondrial damage by cleaving the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid to its activated truncated form (tBid), which leads to Bak and Bax activation. (biologists.com)
The current development of anti-cancer agents that target the Bcl-2 protein family is showing considerable promise, although how this targeting triggers Bak and Bax to perform their crucial function of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) is not clear. (biologists.com)

Monogenic gain-of-function protein aggregation diseases, including Huntington's disease, exhibit substantial variability in age of onset, penetrance, and clinical symptoms, even between individuals with similar or identical mutations. (biomedcentral.com)
By contrast, in the case of TEM-1 beta-lactamase mutations, aggregation is linked to a decreased cell fitness due to inactivation of protein function. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in the let-7 microRNA gene prevent a developmental decline in dendritic growth ability, whereas loss-of-function mutations in its direct target, the lin-41 tripartite motif protein gene, cause further decline. (stanford.edu)
In previous work, we found that gain-of-function mutations that hyperactivate GEM-1 (an SLC16A transporter protein) can bypass the requirement for GON-2 (a TRPM channel protein) during the initiation of gonadogenesis in C. elegans. (cipsm.de)

G protein-coupled receptor 83 (GPR83) is a class A G protein-coupled receptor with predominant expression in the cerebellum and proposed function in the regulation of food intake and in anxiety-like behavior. (bvsalud.org)
Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling triggered transient dissociation of eEF1A2 from its regulatory guanine exchange factor (GEF) protein in dendritic spines in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. (lookformedical.com)
The repeat is found in a variety of proteins that include, vitellogenin receptor from Drosophila melanogaster, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor [ ( PUBMED:6091915 ) ], preproepidermal growth factor, and nidogen (entactin). (embl.de)
I suggest a consensus effect of each neuromodulatory molecule on Drosophila aggression, as well as effects of receptor proteins where relevant data are available. (deepdyve.com)

These data suggest a working mechanism for the release of CED-4 from the CED-4/CED-9 complex upon EGL-1 binding and provide a mechanistic framework for understanding apoptosis activation in C. elegans. (nih.gov)
In this Commentary, we discuss the implications of these findings for the regulation of apoptosis by Bcl-2 family proteins. (biologists.com)

The GPCRDB is a molecular-class information system that collects, combines, validates and stores large amounts of heterogenous data on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (biokeanos.com)
Here, we analysed two deep mutational scanning experiments to investigate the role of protein aggregation in molecular evolution. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we set to clarify this complex matter and question of whether aggregation is an important constraint in protein evolution that can be the discriminant between beneficial and detrimental situations by considering two cases: we studied molecular evolution of proteins in an endogenous vs. exogenous host. (frontiersin.org)
We characterized the binding interactions of family-selective PDE inhibitors with human and C. elegans PDE4 in conjunction with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate differences in binding interactions of these inhibitors within the PDE4 catalytic domain. (unh.edu)
To elucidate the mechanism of actin disassembly, we characterized molecular kinetics of the major filament end-binding proteins Arp2/3 complex and capping protein (CP) using single-molecule speckle microscopy. (silverchair.com)
Like all other GTPases, Rho proteins act as molecular switches, with an active GTP-bound form and an inactive GDP-bound form. (embl-heidelberg.de)
This gene is highly expressed in fetal brain and encodes a protein of relative molecular mass 91K, named oligophrenin-1, which contains a domain typical of a Rho-GTPase-activating protein (rhoGAP). (embl-heidelberg.de)
Here, we analyze with unprecedent detail the ultrastructural and molecular changes during oogenesis centriole elimination in Caenorhabditis elegans. (x-mol.com)

He then went on to complete his postdoctoral training with Dr. Oliver Hobert, where using the model organism C. elegans , he examined the transcriptional programs that underlie the temporal maturation of post-mitotic nervous system during post-embryonic development. (sunlaboratory.org)
2006) Senseless physically interacts with proneural proteins and functions as a transcriptional co-activator. (forth.gr)
The LIN-14 transcription factor likely directly represses dma-1 gene expression through a transcriptional means, whereas the LIN-41 tripartite motif protein likely indirectly promotes dma-1 gene expression through a posttranscriptional means. (stanford.edu)

This basic two-step process has been confirmed in most mammalian cells, although its regulation and the repertoire of specific accessory proteins are likely to be highly context dependent. (centrodinoferrari.com)
Mammalian aurora-A belongs to a multigenic family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases comprising two other members: aurora-B and aurora-C. In this review we will focus on aurora-A that starts to localize to centrosomes only in S phase as soon as centrioles have been duplicated, the protein is then degraded in early G1. (lookformedical.com)
They are members of the rBAT family of mammalian proteins (TC #8.A.9). (tcdb.org)

Structure of the EGL-1/CED-9 complex revealed that EGL-1 adopts an extended alpha-helical conformation and induces substantial structural rearrangements in CED-9 upon binding. (nih.gov)

Once this complex is activated, the cell is forced into mitosis, by the subsequent activation and regulation of other protein kinases or by direct phosphorylation of structural proteins involved in this cellular reorganisation. (wikipedia.org)
Wegmann S , Biernat J, Mandelkow E . A current view on Tau protein phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. (neurotree.org)
A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors. (lookformedical.com)

Resistance to protein aggregation and the ability to restrict its associated cellular dysfunction are independently controlled by the natural variation in genetic background, revealing important new considerations in the search for targets for therapeutic intervention in conformational diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
The majority of proteins function as monodispersed ordered species dissolved in intra- or extra-cellular aqueous fluids. (frontiersin.org)
Prion diseases are disorders of protein conformation in which PrP C , the normal cellular conformer, is converted to an abnormal, protease-resistant conformer rPrP Sc . (biomedcentral.com)
Autophagy is the major pathway involved in the degradation of proteins and organelles, cellular remodeling, and survival during nutrient starvation. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we find that in Caenorhabditis elegans, mouse, rat and human neurons, dendritically and axonally polarized transmembrane proteins are recognized by endocytic machinery in the AIS, robustly endocytosed and targeted to late endosomes for degradation. (stanford.edu)
The backbone dynamics of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) transmembrane helix was compared to those of other transmembrane domains. (cipsm.de)
Some animal proteins, for example, those in the LAT family (TC# 2.A.3.8) including ASUR4 (gbY12716) and SPRM1 (gbL25068) associate with a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that is essential for insertion or activity of the permease and forms a disulfide bridge with it. (tcdb.org)
The deduced 4660-aa sequence, expected to constitute a mature protein of M(r) 516,715, consists of a probable N-terminal signal peptide sequence (25 aa), an extracellular region (4400 aa), a single transmembrane domain (22 aa), and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail (213 aa). (embl.de)

The SUN proteins (SAD1, UNC-84) sit across the inner nuclear membrane and connect to structures in the nucleus, such as chromatin and the nuclear lamina, and the KASH proteins (Klarsicht, ANC-1, Syne Homology) span across the outer nuclear membrane and interact with proteins in the cytoskeleton. (elifesciences.org)
Together with transcription factor binding site information, chromosome conformation capture sequencing, and/or DNase-seq experiments to explore chromatin accessibility, the transcriptomic data provided clues to the regulatory features such as chromatin folding that mediate tissue-specific circadian rhythms. (genomeweb.com)

Her undergraduate research focused on using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to tag myosins with fluorescent protein in Caenorhabditis elegans muscles and to characterize their assembly. (sunlaboratory.org)

Her graduate research project focused on the generation of transgenic C. elegans worms to visualize the location and conformation of the giant, elastic protein Titin in muscles. (sunlaboratory.org)
We found a previously undescribed motor phenotype in transgenic α-synuclein C. elegans that correlates with mutant or wild-type α-synuclein protein levels and results from dopaminergic neuron dysfunction, but precedes neuronal loss. (biomedcentral.com)

These different disassembly events are initiated by the cyclin B/Cdk1 protein kinase complex (MPF). (wikipedia.org)
Hatzis P, Kyrmizi I, Talianidis I. (2006) Mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated disruption of enhancer-promoter communication inhibits hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha expression. (forth.gr)
Aurora kinase C is a chromosomal passenger protein that interacts with aurora kinase B in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
An aurora kinase that is a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and is involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. (lookformedical.com)

Hochmair J, Exner C, Betzel C, Mandelkow E , Wegmann S . Light Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering to Study Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Tau Proteins In Vitro. (neurotree.org)
Together with artificial intelligence-driven in silico and in vitro screening, this C. elegans model identified five compounds that reduced motor dysfunction induced by α-synuclein. (biomedcentral.com)

SUPERFAMILY is a database of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. (biokeanos.com)
With MinION sequencing and de novo assembly, the researchers tackled the genomes of wild type and rearrangement-containing C. elegans strains. (genomeweb.com)

The SWISS-MODEL Repository is a database of annotated 3D protein structure models generated by the SWISS-MODEL homology-modelling pipeline for protein sequences of selected model organisms. (biokeanos.com)
A total of 15 protein sequences with high homology to known eukaryotic TIMPs were predicted from the complement of sequence data available for parasitic helminths and subjected to in-depth bioinformatic analyses. (biomedcentral.com)

We present evidence that the Snail-related transcription factor CES-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans coordinates these processes in a specific cell lineage. (cipsm.de)

By enhancing their GTPase activity, GAP proteins inactivate small Rho and Ras proteins, so inactivation of rhoGAP proteins might cause constitutive activation of their GTPase targets. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Rapid GTPase activating protein (GAP)-mediated inactivation (RhoA flux) is proposed to limit RhoA zone dimensions. (cipsm.de)

The nuclear lamina consists of two components, lamins and nuclear lamin-associated membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The nuclear lamin-associated membrane proteins are either integral or peripheral membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)

A constitutive nucleolar protein identified as a member of the nucleoplasmin family. (wikidata.org)

In microorganisms, these two domains are separate proteins, but, in multicellular eukaryotes, the two catalytic sites are expressed on a single protein, uridine monophosphate synthase. (wikipedia.org)
It is believed that the two separate catalytic sites fused into a single protein to stabilize its monomeric form. (wikipedia.org)
The pharmacological differences in sensitivity to PDE4 inhibitors in conjunction with differences in the amino acids comprising the inhibitor binding sites of human and C. elegans PDE4 catalytic domains together support the feasibility of designing the next generation of anthelmintics/nematicides that could selectively bind to nematode PDEs. (unh.edu)

GTPase activator proteins towards Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like small GTPases. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The active conformation is promoted by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors, and the inactive state by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) which stimulate the intrinsic GTPase activity of small G proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
In particular, we propose that Arg 85 and Asn 194 are involved in binding G proteins and enhancing GTPase activity. (embl-heidelberg.de)

To determine the driving force of protein association, several experiments have been performed separating both domains and changing the linker peptide that keeps them together. (wikipedia.org)
Experiments in C. elegans reveal new insights into how the ANC-1 protein helps to anchor the nucleus and other organelles in place. (elifesciences.org)

First identified in Drosophila, the conserved Polycomb group (Pc-G) protein complexes were shown to be both writers (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, PRC2) and readers (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, PRC1) of H3K27me3 [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To address this, we examined the role of natural variation in defining the susceptibility of genetically diverse individuals to protein aggregation and toxicity, using the Caenorhabditis elegans polyglutamine model. (biomedcentral.com)
Loss of solubility and aggregation can lead to the partial or complete abrogation of protein function. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, understanding the relationship between protein evolution and aggregation is an important goal. (frontiersin.org)
Given the double valence of protein aggregation that can result either in the formation of toxic assemblies or physiologically required organelles, it has long been debated what could determine whether aggregation is beneficial or detrimental from an evolutionary perspective. (frontiersin.org)
Abnormal accumulation of the protein α-synuclein and its aggregation into oligomers and fibril-containing inclusions, termed Lewy bodies, are also defining features. (biomedcentral.com)

Residues conserved across the rhoGAP family are largely confined to one face of this bundle, which may be an interaction site for target G proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Neurons are highly polarized cells that face the fundamental challenge of compartmentalizing a vast and diverse repertoire of proteins in order to function properly1. (stanford.edu)
To identify early motor impairment of animals expressing α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons, we first used a custom-built tracking microscope that captures locomotion of single C. elegans with high spatial and temporal resolution. (biomedcentral.com)

Programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans is initiated by the binding of EGL-1 to CED-9, which disrupts the CED-4/CED-9 complex and allows CED-4 to activate the cell-killing caspase CED-3. (nih.gov)
In one data set, mutants of a protein involved in RNA biogenesis and processing, human TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), were expressed in S. cerevisiae . (frontiersin.org)
One site (Phe506 in the human PDE4D3 amino acid sequence corresponding to Tyr253 in C. elegans PDE4) is predicted to alter the binding conformation of roflumilast and zardaverine (but not IBMX) into a less energetically favorable state for the nematode enzyme. (unh.edu)
Removal of the H3K9me binding protein PaHP1 provided further support to the notion that each type of heterochromatin requires the presence of the other. (biomedcentral.com)

Along with analyses of complex rearrangements revealed in the MinION-sequenced mutant C. elegans genome, the authors improved the accuracy of the wild type assembly by incorporating Illumina short reads. (genomeweb.com)
The mutation leads to the abnormal expansion of the production of the polyglutamine tract (polyQ) resulting in the form of an unstable Huntingtin protein commonly referred to as mutant Huntingtin. (benthamscience.com)

The database gives access to protein sequences, nucleic acid sequences and structural information on conopeptides. (biokeanos.com)
The Protein Data Bank is the single worldwide archive of structural data of biological macromolecules. (biokeanos.com)
Synaptic plasticity involves structural modifications in dendritic spines that are modulated by local protein synthesis and actin remodeling. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

The smaller proteins are generally of prokaryotic origin while the larger ones are of eukaryotic origin. (tcdb.org)
The larger eukaryotic and archaeal proteins possess N- and C-terminal hydrophilic extensions. (tcdb.org)

Serum antibody to native H11 binds to C. elegans recombinant H11 and most of the antibody to rH11 or native H11 is directed to glycan moieties. (gla.ac.uk)
In this report, we describe a testis zinc finger protein (Tzfp) that binds to the upstream flanking sequence of the Aie1 gene. (lookformedical.com)

A team from the University of British Columbia and the University of California, Santa Cruz, presents information on genome sequences generated for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans using the MinION nanopore long read sequencer. (genomeweb.com)

PDBsum provides an overview of every macromolecular structure deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), giving schematic diagrams of the molecules in each structure and of the interactions between them. (biokeanos.com)
The hypodermis of C. elegans worms (top schematic) is made up of hyp-7 cells which contain over a hundred nuclei (represented as black dots). (elifesciences.org)

Current models suggest that positioning of the nucleus relies on a complex called LINC (short for Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton), which is made up of proteins that contain either a SUN or KASH domain. (elifesciences.org)
Members of the Rho family of small G proteins transduce signals from plasma-membrane receptors and control cell adhesion, motility and shape by actin cytoskeleton formation. (embl-heidelberg.de)

We observed that roflumilast (human PDE4-selective inhibitor) and zardaverine (selective for human PDE3 and PDE4) were 159- and 77-fold less potent, respectively, in inhibiting C. elegans PDE4. (unh.edu)
Sequence requirements for nucleolar localization of human T cell leukemia virus type I pX protein, which regulates viral RNA processing. (wikidata.org)
In the present study, we conducted a large-scale investigation of TIMP proteins of a range of neglected human parasites including the hookworm Necator americanus , the roundworm Ascaris suum , the liver flukes Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini , as well as the schistosome blood flukes. (biomedcentral.com)

2006) Secretion by numbers: protein traffic in prokaryotes. (forth.gr)

Artal-Sanz M, Samara C, Syntichaki P, Tavernarakis N. (2006) Lysosomal biogenesis and function is critical for necrotic cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans. (forth.gr)
Finally, we applied the C. elegans model to a drug repurposing screen by combining it with an artificial intelligence platform and cell culture system to identify small molecules that inhibit α-synuclein oligomers. (biomedcentral.com)
These glycoproteins include the CD98 heavy chain protein of Mus musculus (gbU25708) and the orthologous 4F2 cell surface antigen heavy chain of Homo sapiens (spP08195). (tcdb.org)
The phycobiliproteins extraction method includes cell rupture in order to release the proteins from inside algal cell to outside. (m0b1le.net)

These proteins take part in the fusion pathway in two consecutive steps. (centrodinoferrari.com)

In wild-type worms (left), the KASH protein ANC-1 (depicted as spikes) localizes to the membrane of the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (elifesciences.org)

Thus, our C. elegans model can serve as a powerful tool to dissect the contribution of natural variation to individual susceptibility to proteotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)

A beta-hairpin comprising the nuclear localization sequence sustains the self-associated states of nucleosome assembly protein 1. (colorado.edu)

We then used genetic and pharmacological methods to define the features of early motor dysfunction of α-synuclein-expressing C. elegans . (biomedcentral.com)
We identified a C. elegans locomotor abnormality due to dopaminergic neuron dysfunction that models early α-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration. (biomedcentral.com)

Some of these proteins exhibit 11 TMSs. (tcdb.org)

Photoswitches are molecules that change their conformation with light of specific wavelength. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Anatomy10

Organisms6

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes34

Information Science4

Health Care1

Nematode worm2

Genes5

Family of proteins2

Mitochondrial7

Mutations4

Receptor5

Apoptosis2

Molecular8

Transcriptional3

Mammalian3

Alpha-helical1

Phosphorylation3

Cellular4

Transmembrane4

Chromatin2

Fluorescent protein1

Transgenic2

Kinase5

Vitro2

Genomes2

Homology2

Transcription factor1

Inactivation2

Membrane proteins2

Constitutive1

Catalytic3

GTPase3

Experiments2

Drosophila1

Aggregation5

Residues1

Neurons2

Binding4

Mutant2

Structural3

Eukaryotic2

Binds2

Sequences1

Schematic2

Cytoskeleton2

Human3

Secretion1

Cell4

Pathway1

Worms1

Model1

Nuclear1

Dysfunction2

Exhibit1

Molecules1