Conduction ion transport. Medical search. Frequent questions

At the cellular level, calcium is an important regulator of ion transport and membrane integrity. (medscape.com)
Anion exchange membrane (AEM), generally composed of a polymer with covalently tethered ionic groups, is the central component of the fuel cell serving as the electrolyte, conducting hydroxide ions from cathode to anode, where fast ionic conduction is directly related to power output. (wustl.edu)
Members of this family affect diverse processes in potassium channel regulation, including ion selectivity, voltage dependence, and anterograde recycling from the plasma membrane. (nih.gov)
Magnesium has an important role in membrane stabilisation, nerve conduction, ion transport and calcium channel activity. (newcastlelaboratories.com)
18. How are molecules transported across and through the membrane? (fsu.edu)
19. Which types of membrane transport requires energy? (fsu.edu)
Figure 1: Two ion channels in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. (scholarpedia.org)
Ion channels set up the resting membrane potentials of all cells. (scholarpedia.org)
Thus, when open, potassium ion-selective channels and anion channels hyperpolarize cells (cause the membrane potential to become more negative), whereas sodium- or calcium-selective channels and non-selective cation channels depolarize cells (cause the membrane potential to become more positive). (scholarpedia.org)
The ability of ion channels to accomplish these three physiological functions also requires the housekeeping operation of another class of membrane proteins, the transporters and pumps, to set up standing ion concentration gradients across cell membranes. (scholarpedia.org)
Ion channels are membrane proteins. (scholarpedia.org)
Ion channels have many features of typical membrane proteins. (scholarpedia.org)
They are synthesized and inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, glycosylated in the Golgi, and transported and inserted into target membranes by membrane fusion. (scholarpedia.org)
There will be active transport of potassium and calcium ions in the cell membrane and this is needed for the muscles to contract,conduction of nerve impulse etc. (vellorecity.com)
This resting potential is determined by the concentration gradients of 2 major ions, Na + and K + , and the relative membrane permeability to these ions (also known as leak currents). (medscape.com)
In addition, because the nerve membrane is permeable to potassium ions and impermeable to sodium ions, 95% of the ionic leak in excitable cells is caused by K + ions in the form of an outward flux, accounting for the negative resting potential. (medscape.com)
Initially, sodium ions gradually enter the cell through the nerve cell membrane. (medscape.com)
Once membrane depolarization is complete, the membrane becomes impermeable to sodium ions again, and the conductance of potassium ions into the cell increases. (medscape.com)

These mineral forms slow and limit absorption, relying on adequate stomach acid to release calcium ions which then enter the body via passive diffusion. (pharmedicorx.com)

Magnesium also plays a role in the active transport of calcium and potassium ions across cell membranes, a process that is important to nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction, and normal heart rhythm [ 3 ]. (nih.gov)
is required magnesium ions as potassium and calcium to cross cell members. (hellobmw.com)
Magnesium affects the conduction of nerve impulses, regular heart rhythm and muscle contractions. (hellobmw.com)
Magnesium is a direct regulator of ion channels, most notably via the other key electrolytes potassium, calcium and sodium. (hippocrates.com.au)
Magnesium is intimately involved in potassium transport. (hippocrates.com.au)
Magnesium guard the ion channels that allow calcium to enter and leave the cell, orchestrating the exact amount of calcium that's required to cause a muscle or nerve cell to contract and then flushing that extra calcium out to prevent excessive contraction. (hippocrates.com.au)
Magnesium is intimately involved in efficient nerve conduction. (hippocrates.com.au)

Li-ion-hopping conduction is known to occur in certain highly concentrated electrolytes, and this conduction mode is effective for achieving lithium batteries with high rate capabilities. (acs.org)
Herein, we investigated the effects of the solvent structure on the hopping conduction of Li ions in highly concentrated LiBF 4 /sulfone electrolytes. (acs.org)
Raman spectroscopy revealed that a Li + ion forms complexes with sulfone and anions, and contact ion pairs and ionic aggregates are formed in the highly concentrated electrolytes. (acs.org)
Li + exchanges ligands (sulfone and BF 4 - ) rapidly to produce unusual hopping conduction in highly concentrated electrolytes. (acs.org)
This study demonstrates the importance of polar groups in electrolytes in maintaining a fast and stable Li + transport, which can be applied to other solid-state batteries. (oaepublish.com)
Recently, many groups have designed electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and high mechanical strength to improve the ionic conduction of electrolytes and the stability of the electrode/electrolyte interface [ 1 - 8 ] . (oaepublish.com)
Although ceramic electrolytes generally exhibit high ionic conductivity and high strength, they often show poor contact with electrodes, which affects the Li + transport in the electrode/electrolyte interface [ 1 , 6 ] . (oaepublish.com)
Fast ion transport and superior mechanical properties of solid electrolytes are both of critical significance for these devices to operate with high efficiency and long-term stability. (edu.sa)
Considering the extraordinary properties and independent tunability of ion conduction and mechanical properties, this bioinspired approach may pave the way for the design of next-generation high-performance solid electrolytes with nacre-like architecture. (edu.sa)

Whereas family members poorly discriminate between different divalent transition-metal ions, they efficiently select against Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , which are both several orders of magnitude more abundant 4 , 5 . (nature.com)

Mutations in the ANK2 gene lead to production of an altered ankyrin-B protein that cannot target ion channels to their correct locations in cardiac muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Since the flow of ions moves charge and constitutes an electric current, channel opening and closing underlie all electrical signaling of electrically excitable cells such as nerve and muscle. (scholarpedia.org)
Ion concentration gradients and electrical forces drive the flow of ions through channel pores. (scholarpedia.org)
In the heart, the flow of ions (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) through ion channels generates the electrical signals that control the heartbeat and maintain a normal heart rhythm. (medlineplus.gov)
The loss of functional ion channels in the heart disrupts the normal flow of ions, which alters the heart's normal rhythm and causes the heart problems associated with ankyrin-B syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)

We report a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE)-based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for calcium ion conduction. (syr.edu)
Our results show that the concentration of free cations in the electrolyte is primarily coordinated with NMP as well as PVDF, generating a suitable network for ion transport, i.e., a liquid electrolyte encompassed within a polymer matrix. (syr.edu)
Solid-state lithium (Li)-sulfur (S) batteries are promising secondary batteries because of their high energy density and high safety, but their practical application is severely hindered by poor Li-ions (Li + ) transport in batteries due to low ionic conduction of the electrolyte and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface. (oaepublish.com)
Flux of ions through ion channels contributes to the electrolyte movements required for volume regulation of single cells and for the net polarized transport of salt across epithelia like gut, kidney, or the choroid plexus. (scholarpedia.org)

The ratio of the self-diffusion coefficients ( D Li / D sol ) tended to be higher for cyclic sulfones (sulfolane and 3-methylsulfolane) than for acyclic sulfones, which suggests that cyclic sulfone molecules facilitate Li-ion hopping. (acs.org)
Tunnels and channels facilitate the transport of small molecules, ions and water solvent in a large variety of proteins. (plos.org)
Besides many tiny cavities, this empty internal spa`ce may form cavities of specific functions, as well as tunnels and channels (or pores), representing potential transport pathways for small molecules, ions and water molecules [1] . (plos.org)
Like other signaling proteins, ion channels are flexible molecules that undergo conformational changes between open (active) and closed (inactive) states. (scholarpedia.org)

These proteins are highly conserved across all kingdoms of life and thus likely share a common transport mechanism. (nature.com)
Characteristics of individual transport pathways, including their geometry, physico-chemical properties and dynamics are instrumental for understanding of structure-function relationships of these proteins, for the design of new inhibitors and construction of improved biocatalysts. (plos.org)
Transport pathways play an essential role in the functioning of a large number of proteins. (plos.org)
10 PKA phosphorylates scaffolding proteins and sodium channels, increasing the number of sodium channels on the apical side of alveolar cells and increasing active transport of sodium ions into cells. (drugbank.com)
The yeast proteins appear to exhibit broad specificity transporting a wide range of di- and trivalent metal cations. (tcdb.org)
Thus, CNNM proteins, the vertebrate orthologues of CorB/C, also have Mg 2+ transport capacity. (tcdb.org)
Ion channels are complexes of proteins that transport charged atoms (ions) across cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)

The positive ions move to the cathode (negative electrode) and the negative ions to the anode (positive electrode). (wordinfo.info)

Finally, the modified Walden plot analysis reveals that the ion conductivity transforms from being closely coupled with structural relaxation to being strongly decoupled from it as MW increases. (osti.gov)
The results indicate that the GPE exhibits high conductivity and good stability, making it a promising candidate for use in high-performance calcium ion batteries. (syr.edu)
2. The conductivity of a medium in which the transport of electric charges, under electric potential differences, is by particles of atomic or larger size. (wordinfo.info)
The polar urethane/urea groups of PU reduce the hopping energy barrier of Li + , which results in high ionic conductivity of 1.8 × 10 -4 S cm -1 (25 °C), high ion transference number of 0.54, and low activation energy of 0.39 eV. (oaepublish.com)
We will demonstrate that there is an optimum ionic conductivity due to the competing effects of increasing ion concentration and decreasing ion mobility, with further stiffening enabled by changing the crosslink chemistry without detrimental effects to the ionic conductivity. (utexas.edu)
Another electrical property is conductivity, which is characterized by a conduction and activation process, where the action potential, by the all-or-nothing law, travels throughout the heart. (bvsalud.org)

Cathode degradation is a key factor that limits the lifetime of Li-ion batteries. (nature.com)

For application in emerging sodium batteries, we have developed three dual-cation polymeric ionomers, which contain bulky tetraalkylammonium ions in addition to the sodium ion. (rsc.org)

During the operation of an energy storage system, ions and electrons are transported over multiple size domains where the sum of these processes leads to complex physics. (stonybrook.edu)
Polymers that simultaneously transport electrons and ions are paramount to drive the technological advances necessary for next-generation electrochemical devices, including energy storage devices and bioelectronics. (ucsb.edu)
However, efforts to describe the motion of ions or electrons separately within polymeric systems become inaccurate when both species are present. (ucsb.edu)

Despite the advance in the understanding of ion selectivity, important properties of the transport mechanism remained elusive. (nature.com)

While inefficiency can be approached at the macro level, emphasizing bulk parameters and bulk methods cannot fully interrogate or address the inherent heterogeneity of ion and electron flux contributing to the local resistance within an electrode and at the interfaces. (stonybrook.edu)
The narrowest constriction along the pore is a hydrophobic gate, likely forming an energetic barrier to ion flux. (tcdb.org)

CAVER 3.0 paves the way for the study of important biochemical phenomena in the area of molecular transport, molecular recognition and enzymatic catalysis. (plos.org)

Ion channels are ion-permeable pores in the lipid membranes of all cells. (scholarpedia.org)
Cytoplasmic calcium signals are generated by the opening of Ca 2+ -permeable ion channels that let Ca 2+ ions flow into the cytoplasm. (scholarpedia.org)
Figure 2: Pseudosymmetric architecture of ion channels formed from 2, 3, 4, or 5 protein subunits or multiple repeated domains in a single subunit. (scholarpedia.org)

30. Why do we clinically want to measure ion channel physiology? (fsu.edu)
Reviewing the physiology of nerve conduction is important before any discussion of local anesthetics. (medscape.com)

The most important open questions concern the structure of the transporter in an outward-facing conformation and whether, similar to their eukaryotic counterparts, transport in the prokaryotic transporters would be coupled to H + . To resolve these questions we have investigated the structural and functional properties of the SLC11 transporter from the bacterium Eremococcus coleocola (EcoDMT). (nature.com)
The expected research outcomes are that the Center will provide the conceptual approaches to predict materials properties, processing outcomes, and functional characteristics which determine conduction and electron transfer properties, including the complexities of interfaces and time. (stonybrook.edu)
Heart relaxation also stands out as an active process, dependent on the energetic output and on specific ion and enzymatic actions, with the role of sodium channel being outstanding in the functional process. (bvsalud.org)

The structure of the solvent significantly influences the hopping conduction process. (acs.org)

Practical design and implementation of mixed conducting polymers require an understanding of the evolving nature of structure and transport with ionic and electronic carrier density to capture the dynamic disorder inherent in polymeric materials. (ucsb.edu)
ion-conducting materials that exhibit the thermal and electrochemical stability of ionic liquids and the mechanical properties of polymers. (utexas.edu)
Finally, we will present some open questions and future directions on the field of ion-conducting polymers. (utexas.edu)

The ion conductivities of the ionomers are greatly enhanced by the introduction of bulky counterions, as a result of the additional free volume and decreased sodium ion association. (rsc.org)

Our previous studies on the structure and function of the transition-metal ion transporter from Staphylococcus capitis (ScaDMT) have revealed the general architecture of the SLC11/NRAMP family and they provided initial insight into the structural basis of selective transition-metal ion transport 16 . (nature.com)

Highly homologous prokaryotic SLC11 family members transport Mn 2+ into the cytoplasm 11 . (nature.com)

In the neuromuscular system, ionized calcium facilitates nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and muscle relaxation. (medscape.com)

The concentration gradients are maintained by the sodium/potassium ATP pump (in an energy-dependent process) that transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. (medscape.com)

Once the potential reaches a threshold level of approximately -55 mV, a rapid influx of sodium ions ensues. (medscape.com)

A few ions, notably Ca 2+ , make regulatory signals inside cells. (scholarpedia.org)

Comparative studies of ion dynamics, thermal properties, phase behaviours and ionic conductivities were carried out, taking advantage of various spectroscopic and thermal chemistry methods. (rsc.org)
Interpretation of thermal conduction and toroidal momentum transport in DIII-D, taking into account IOL and pinch velocity. (aps.org)
We are undertaking a new comparison of various theoretical thermal diffusivity models with the improved interpretation of experimental edge transport now possible. (aps.org)
The improved interpretation leads to quite different experimental thermal diffusivity profiles in the edge than previously reported when ion-orbit-loss effects are included (as much as 50{\%} lower at the separatrix for shot {\#}123302). (aps.org)
R. Kantharaj and A. Marconnet, "Heat Generation and Thermal Transport in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Scale-Bridging Perspective", Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, vol. 23, no.2, pp. 128-156, 2019. (purdue.edu)

These redox reactions, called electron transport chains, form a series of protein complexes within the cell's mitochondria that release energy or ATP. (hippocrates.com.au)

Site-specific mutagenesis studies of three conserved residues in TMS 3 suggest that they contribute to the Mg 2+ transport pathway. (tcdb.org)

The sizes and relative contents of the ammonium ions vary relative to the sodium ion contents. (rsc.org)

Similar to applying ice packs to injured areas, the cold reduces nerve impulses by slowing the movement of sodium ions across nerve cell membranes in the tooth. (cdhp.org)
this propagation is accomplished by alternating the ion gradient across the nerve cell wall, or axolemma. (medscape.com)

However, AEMs currently used in fuel cells (H2 fuel cells and sodium borohydride fuel cells) exhibit ion poor transport properties at operation conditions of fuel cells, such as low hydroxide ion conductivities at 80 °C. Another concern with the use of AEMs in fuel cells is their stabilities in strong alkaline environment. (wustl.edu)
To solve the first problem, a triblock copolymer-based polymer (polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene, SEBS) has been developed to synthesize AEMs with high ion conductivities by engineering a phase-separated morphology. (wustl.edu)

The goal of the m2m EFRC is to enable deliberate design of materials and components to achieve higher performing, longer life, and safer energy storage systems through acquisition of new fundamental knowledge about ion and electron transport and electron transfer properties of energy relevant materials, over multiple length scales, across interfaces and over time. (stonybrook.edu)
Herein, we highlight the basic transport equations necessary to rationalize mixed transport and the multiscale materials properties that influence their transport coefficients. (ucsb.edu)
Thus the ionic transport and diffusion properties of the N-H co-catalyst are fundamentally important to understanding and developing such syntheses. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
One phase (β) shows fast hydride ionic conduction properties (0.08 S/cm at 600 °C), on a par with the best binary ionic hydrides and 10 times higher than CaH2, whilst the other (α) is 100 times less conductive. (st-andrews.ac.uk)

10. Review of GENERAL principles of glycolysis, TCA, electron transport chain? (fsu.edu)

1992. Auditory event-related potential (P300) in relation to peripheral nerve conduction in workers exposed to lead, zinc, and copper: Effects of lead on cognitive function and central nervous system. (cdc.gov)

23. What are distinct characteristics of only protein-mediated transport? (fsu.edu)

The ICF implosion is characterized by the equations of radiation hydrodynamics, which are mainly composed of equations describing fluid motion, electron heat conduction, ion heat conduction, photon transport, nuclear reaction and charged particle transport. (global-sci.org)
These projects examined the potential for using electrical testing on concrete as a potential surrogate for obtaining information on ion and fluid transport. (nist.gov)
Electrical measurements are particularly attractive for use in quality control as they are easy to perform, are performed rapidly, and can be directly related to fluid transport. (nist.gov)
10 Together, these actions lead to passive transport of water out of the alveoli, and the clearance of alveolar fluid. (drugbank.com)
A macroscale transient model of heat transport and fluid flow is built to study the evolution of temperature and velocity field of the molten pool. (asme.org)

Tunable Lithium-Ion Transport in Mixed-Halide Argyrodites Li 6- x PS 5- x ClBr x : An Unusual Compositional Space. (ornl.gov)
Argyrodites, with fast lithium-ion conduction, are promising for applications in rechargeable solid-state lithium-ion batteries. (ornl.gov)

Although PILs are exciting for a variety of applications in energy conversion and storage, the tradeoff between mechanics and conduction remains an important limitation in materials design. (utexas.edu)

Depolarized dynamic light scattering, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, rheology, and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to systematically study the influence of MW on the mechanism of ionic transport and segmental dynamics in these materials. (osti.gov)
Further, this work reviews and discusses several factors that influence the resistivity that is measured including porosity, pore tortuosity, the role of temperature on degree of hydration (activation energy), temperature effects on conduction, ionic leaching, and the role of temperature and leaching on porosity. (nist.gov)

Agonism of beta-1 adrenergic receptors lead to increased strength of contractility, conduction of nerve impulses, speed of relaxation, and rate in the heart. (drugbank.com)

0) leads to (i) retention of the parent Li6PS5Cl structure for a wide range of x in Li6-xPS5-xClBrx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7), (ii) co-occupancy of Cl-, Br-, and S2- at 4a/4d sites, and (iii) gradually increased Li+-ion dynamics, eventually yielding a "liquid-like" Li-sublattice with a flattened energy landscape when x approaches 0.7. (ornl.gov)

The rate of these (pacemaker) areas could be altered by modifications in ions, temperature and especially, the autonomic system. (bvsalud.org)

Combined with previous results, our study defines the conformational changes underlying transition-metal ion transport in the SLC11 family and it provides molecular insight to its coupling to protons. (nature.com)
By determining the structure of EcoDMT in an outward-facing conformation, we provide a framework that defines the conformational changes underlying transport by the alternate access mechanism 19 . (nature.com)

Mutants of residues in the transition-metal ion-binding site severely affect transport, whereas a mutation of a conserved histidine located near this site results in metal ion transport that appears uncoupled to proton transport. (nature.com)

Anatomy56

Organisms13

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs90

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

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Membrane18

Calcium ions1

Magnesium7

Electrolytes9

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Electrolyte4

Molecules4

Proteins7

Anode1

Conductivity6

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Phenomena1

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Physiology2

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Concentration gradients1

Influx1

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Sodium ion1

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Properties4

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