• Sodium influx through these channels is necessary for the depolarization of nerve cell membranes and subsequent propagation of impulses along the course of the nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Local anesthetics block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. (nih.gov)
  • R. Fitzhugh, "Mathe-matical Models of Excitation and Propagation in Nerve," In: H. P. Schwan. (scirp.org)
  • Sodium influx thru those channels is essential for the depolarization of nerve mobile membranes and next propagation of impulses along the direction of the nerve. (psychosupplies.com)
  • this propagation is accomplished by alternating the ion gradient across the nerve cell wall, or axolemma. (medscape.com)
  • When a nerve is stimulated, depolarization of the nerve occurs, and impulse propagation progresses. (medscape.com)
  • First, you have to understand the formation and propagation of the electrical excitation on a purely anatomical level. (ecgbuddy.com)
  • The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus. (bvsalud.org)
  • In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. (nih.gov)
  • Ahlsen G, Grant K, Lindström S (1982) Monosynaptic excitation of principal cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus by corticofugal fibers. (yale.edu)
  • Time constant and space of nerve fibers. (uninsubria.eu)
  • According to Lele, all the effects induced by FUS on nerve fibers can be reproduced by the application of heat to certain regions of the nerves. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The semilunar-shaped ganglion containing the cells of origin of most of the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve. (lookformedical.com)
  • The electrical stimuli on the skin preferentially activate low-threshold, myelinated nerve fibers. (medscape.com)
  • However, toxic blood concentrations depress cardiac conduction and excitability, which may lead to atrioventricular block, ventricular arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest, sometimes resulting in fatalities. (nih.gov)
  • Cardiac excitation starts in the sinus node. (ecgbuddy.com)
  • it is involved in skeletal muscle contraction, excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac and smooth muscle, and activation of protein kinases and enzyme phosphorylation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Local anesthetics produce anesthesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves. (medscape.com)
  • Buying Cocaine Online produces anesthesia through inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves. (psychosupplies.com)
  • During anesthesia, the sciatic nerve was approached with an insulated nerve block needle emitting either 1 mA (high-current group, n = 9) or 0.5 mA (low-current group, n = 9 in control dogs and n = 6 in hyperglycemic dogs). (asahq.org)
  • These techniques include topical anesthesia, infiltrative anesthesia, ring blocks, and peripheral nerve blocks (see the Technique section below for links to detailed, illustrated articles demonstrating these techniques). (medscape.com)
  • Unidirectional conduction: delay, excitation or inhibition. (uninsubria.eu)
  • 3. All principal cells received monosynaptic excitation and disynaptic feed-forward inhibition from optic nerve fibres. (neuroinf.pl)
  • One or more nerve conduction velocities were abnormal in 13 subjects, but nerve velocity measurements were not related to estimated daily arsenic ingestion or arsenic concentrations in water or urine. (cdc.gov)
  • The presence of myelin also increases conduction velocity. (aneskey.com)
  • The nerve volley consisted of two well-segregated components, an early, low-threshold Y component and a late, high-threshold X component. (neuroinf.pl)
  • Therefore, in control and hyperglycemic dogs, the authors examined whether lower-intensity stimulation results in injection closer to the sciatic nerve than higher-threshold stimulation. (asahq.org)
  • It also regulates action potential excitation threshold to facilitate nerve and muscle performance.Potassium chloride is a major cation of the intracellular fluid. (medeasy.health)
  • During ventricular excitation, the atrium is already re-polarized and is thus ready to receive the next wave of excitation from the sinus node. (ecgbuddy.com)
  • A. L. Hodgkin and A. F. Huxley, "A Quantitative Description of Ion Currents and Its Applications to Conduction and Excita-tion in Nerve Membranes," Journal of Physiology, Vol. 117, No. 4, 1952, pp. 500-544. (scirp.org)
  • Reviewing the physiology of nerve conduction is important before any discussion of local anesthetics. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, with biographical information about the key players, readers can fully appreciate what they were thinking as they tried to understand one of Nature's greatest puzzles - a mystery that would transform nerve and muscle physiology in ways that earlier generations could not have anticipated. (voyagebotanica.net)
  • Clinically, the order of loss of nerve function is as follows: (1) pain, (2) temperature, (3) touch, (4) proprioception, and (5) skeletal muscle tone. (nih.gov)
  • Stimulus or nerve impulse of any kind passes from one neuron to another via axon. (ncertmcq.com)
  • This nerve impulse is wave of bioelectric/electrochemical disturbance that passes along the neuron during conduction of an excitation. (ncertmcq.com)
  • With excitation of the nerve, there is an increase in the membrane permeability to sodium ions, causing a decrease in the transmembrane potential. (aneskey.com)
  • In addition, because the nerve membrane is permeable to potassium ions and impermeable to sodium ions, 95% of the ionic leak in excitable cells is caused by K + ions in the form of an outward flux, accounting for the negative resting potential. (medscape.com)
  • Initially, sodium ions gradually enter the cell through the nerve cell membrane. (medscape.com)
  • The electrical "wiring" of the heart, and the way in which the wave of electrical excitation spreads through the heart muscle to induce a contraction, are both quite easy to understand. (ecgbuddy.com)
  • Calcium is required for the proper functioning of muscle contraction, nerve conduction, hormone release, and blood coagulation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Under normal or resting circumstances, the neural membrane is characterized by a negative potential of roughly -90 mV (the potential inside the nerve fiber is negative relative to the extracellular fluid). (aneskey.com)
  • When a nerve loses depolarization and capacity to propagate an impulse, the individual loses sensation in the area supplied by the nerve. (medscape.com)
  • 13. (a) Define nerve impulse and explain the factors on which it depends. (iitianacademy.com)
  • a larger diameter correlates with more rapid nerve conduction. (aneskey.com)
  • A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. (justinmath.com)
  • In the normal resting state, the nerve has a negative membrane potential of -70 mV. (medscape.com)
  • the nerve membrane is depolarized to a level of +35 mV or more. (medscape.com)
  • Subjects were examined for neuropathy, and nerve conduction was measured at the peroneal motor nerve, sural sensory nerve, and ulnar sensory and motor nerves. (cdc.gov)
  • 1,2 Various methods have been used to guide needle placement, including identification of neighboring bony and vascular landmarks and the generation of a sensory paresthesia by contact of the needle with the nerve. (asahq.org)
  • Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection USP is available in sterile isotonic solution for injection via local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, and caudal and lumbar epidural blocks. (nih.gov)
  • For dental procedures by intraoral submucosal infiltration or nerve block. (nih.gov)
  • Table 1 summarizes the recommended dosages of ZORCAINE administered by intraoral submucosal infiltration or nerve block for various types of anesthetic dental procedures in healthy adults and pediatric patients. (nih.gov)
  • Another electrical property is conductivity, which is characterized by a conduction and activation process, where the action potential, by the all-or-nothing law, travels throughout the heart. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the flow of ions moves charge and constitutes an electric current, channel opening and closing underlie all electrical signaling of electrically excitable cells such as nerve and muscle. (scholarpedia.org)
  • The AV node delays the spread of electrical excitation through the bundle of HIS to the Tawara branches. (ecgbuddy.com)
  • Now let's consider what happens between two adjacent cells: if an electrical excitation meets the first cell, it is depolarized. (ecgbuddy.com)
  • The discovery of the electrical nature of these fishes in the second half of the 18th century was the starting point of the two fundamental advances in the sciences: on thephysiological side, the demonstration that nerve conduction and muscle excitation are electrical phenomena, and on the physical side, the invention of the electric battery. (voyagebotanica.net)
  • Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) currently is one of the most commonly used forms of electroanalgesia. (medscape.com)
  • TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator). (medscape.com)
  • A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit consists of 1 or more electrical-signal generators, a battery, and a set of electrodes. (medscape.com)
  • Hemifacial spasm is a neuromuscular movement disorder characterized by brief or persistent involuntary contractions of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve. (aerzteblatt.de)
  • 5. Recurrent inhibitory potentials evoked in the orthodromic direction by optic nerve stimulation originated from Y axons in Y principal cells and from X axons in X cells as would be expected for a type-selective recurrent inhibitory pathway. (neuroinf.pl)
  • Little is known regarding the final needle tip location when various intensities of nerve stimulation are used to guide block needle insertion. (asahq.org)
  • In normal dogs, current stimulation levels in the range of 0.33-1.0 mA result in needle placement comparably close to the sciatic nerve but do not correlate with distance from the target nerve. (asahq.org)
  • However, a final needle position must be achieved that also avoids delivery of the anesthetic solution within the substance of the nerve, which may increase the risk of mechanical or toxic damage to the neurons. (asahq.org)
  • WebAug 11, · Magnesium plays many crucial roles in the body, such as supporting muscle and nerve function and energy production. (4461.ru)
  • Magnesium plays many crucial roles in the body, such as supporting muscle and nerve function and energy production. (4461.ru)
  • Halsted was the first to report the use of cocaine for nerve blocks, in the United States in 1885, and also became addicted to the drug through self-experimentation. (medscape.com)
  • This application for a K25 Research Career Award, entitled """"""""Optical Investigation of Excitation-Secretion coupling in Mammalian Peptidergic Nerve Terminals,"""""""" describes the research and career development plan of Dr. Martin Muschol. (grantome.com)
  • The proposed research project focuses on optical methods for studying excitation-secretion coupling in mammalian nerve terminals. (grantome.com)
  • Here, we discuss biophysical models and hypotheses that can explain some of the mechanical aspects associated with neuronal activity: the soliton model, the neuronal intramembrane cavitation excitation model, and the flexoelectricity hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effects of arsenic (7440382) on nerve conduction velocities were studied in Alaskan residents with naturally contaminated drinking water. (cdc.gov)
  • These cells spontaneously depolarize, setting off the wave of excitation. (ecgbuddy.com)
  • A FUNDAMENTAL requirement during plexus or peripheral nerve blockade is deposition of the anesthetic solution close enough to the target nerves to achieve prompt and thorough interruption of nerve conduction. (asahq.org)
  • The excitation then reaches the AV node, which is located close to, or sometimes within, the septum. (ecgbuddy.com)
  • Usually, the electrodes are initially placed on the skin over the painful area, but other locations (eg, over cutaneous nerves, trigger points, acupuncture sites) may give comparable or even better pain relief. (medscape.com)