Conditioned responses. Medical search. Frequent questions

The term conditioned emotional response (CER) can refer to a specific learned behavior or a procedure commonly used in classical or Pavlovian conditioning research. (wikipedia.org)
Although the Watson and Rayner work with Little Albert clearly falls under the broad umbrella of "conditioned fear" they did not use the term CER and thought they were applying more general conditioning principles to human behavior. (wikipedia.org)
Given that the tone-shock pairings were likely sufficient to produce classical conditioning, Estes and Skinner hypothesized that the tone elicited fear that interfered or interrupted ongoing operant behavior. (wikipedia.org)
This experiment is critical in experimental psychology for it demonstrated that the interaction of classical and operant conditioning contingency could be powerful in altering behavior. (wikipedia.org)
Animal behavior processes JO - J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process VL - 6 IS - 2 N2 - The effects of variation in temporal and predictive relations between the onset of visual and auditory conditioned stimuli (CSs) and delivery of a food unconditioned stimulus (US) on the form of conditioned responses (CRs) were examined in four experiments with rat subjects. (unboundmedicine.com)
studied 3-D static and dynamic behavior of doubly curved FG-MEE shells under the mechanical load, electric displacement and magnetic flux by considered the edge boundary conditions as full simple supports. (scialert.net)
Lesions were used to destroy either the thalamo-cortico- amygdala projection, the thalamo-amygdala projection, or both projections, and the effects of such lesions on the acquisition of conditioned fear responses (changes in arterial pressure and freezing behavior) to a tone paired with footshock were measured. (jneurosci.org)
Conditioned stress resulted in a selective increase in medial prefrontal cortical DA and 5-HT utilization, elevation in serum corticosterone, and freezing behavior in control animals. (jneurosci.org)

The effects of variation in temporal and predictive relations between the onset of visual and auditory conditioned stimuli (CSs) and delivery of a food unconditioned stimulus (US) on the form of conditioned responses (CRs) were examined in four experiments with rat subjects. (unboundmedicine.com)
Individuals experiencing negative affect have shown response slowing, a longer latency to respond in relation to baseline, when presented with aversive stimuli. (peerj.com)
In Experiment Two, they completed eight 50-trial sessions with novel stimuli across two daytime conditions, which were nested within two nighttime conditions. (peerj.com)
We predicted that the gorillas would show response slowing to threatening stimuli when space and choice were restricted. (peerj.com)
In Experiment Two, the gorillas did show response slowing to threatening stimuli, but this pattern did not interact with housing conditions. (peerj.com)
Animals confronting threatening stimuli respond with a coordinated set of autonomic, neuroendocrine, neurochemical, and behavioral responses that constitute the stress response. (jneurosci.org)
During conditioning, participants were able to maintain a differential response to conditioned vs. not conditioned stimuli following the MBSR course (i.e., higher sensitivity to the conditioned stimuli), while controls dropped the response. (frontiersin.org)
Pre-post changes in UNC were correlated with changes in the response to the conditioned stimuli. (frontiersin.org)
But it did help condition them with, hopefully, better responses to more stimuli while driving and faster reaction time from not having to think all the way through the response. (vftar.com)

Although we are used to thinking of animals showing conditioned reflexes, as with Pavlovian training, we seldom realise what a large part they play in human life. (dreamhawk.com)
A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement. (arabpsychology.com)

Through the WTC Health Program , the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to track diseases and conditions associated with 9/11. (medscape.com)

It is an "emotional response" that results from classical conditioning, usually from the association of a relatively neutral stimulus with a painful or fear-inducing unconditional stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
For example, if seeing a dog (a neutral stimulus) is paired with the pain of being bitten by the dog (unconditioned stimulus), seeing a dog may become a conditioned stimulus that elicits fear (conditioned response). (wikipedia.org)
Albert initially showed no fear of a white rat (neutral stimulus), but after the sight of the rat had been accompanied five times by the loud noise, he cried and tried to escape the rat, showing that the rat had become a conditioned stimulus for fear. (wikipedia.org)
Conditioned emotional response (CER) is a type of learning that occurs when an individual develops an emotional response to an initially neutral stimulus. (arabpsychology.com)
CER is a type of classical conditioning in which an initially neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits an emotional response. (arabpsychology.com)
Through repeated pairing, the previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. (arabpsychology.com)
In CER, the neutral stimulus is referred to as the conditioned stimulus (CS), and the emotional response that it elicits is referred to as the conditioned response (CR). (arabpsychology.com)
In this case, a previously neutral stimulus, such as a particular type of animal, is paired with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits a fear response, such as a loud noise. (arabpsychology.com)
In this case, a previously neutral stimulus, such as a toy, is paired with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits a positive response, such as a reward. (arabpsychology.com)
Extinguishing a conditioned response (CR) has entailed separating the conditioned stimulus (CS) from the unconditioned stimulus (US). (edu.au)

The amygdala, located in the temporal lobe, is a key brain region involved in the conditioned fear response and contributes to the autonomic, hormonal, and behavioral factors associated with that response. (wikipedia.org)
At 2000ppm, slightly longer exposure durations were required to produce a consistent behavioral effect but responses ceased after about 2 hours exposure. (cdc.gov)
Inconsistencies in parental reports of their children's behavioral health conditions were found between the 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN) and the follow-up 2011 Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services (Pathways) where the same parents were asked the same questions at two time points. (cdc.gov)

They trained food-deprived rats to lever-press (operant conditioning) for food pellets, maintained on a variable interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement. (wikipedia.org)
The rats, upon receipt of the first shock, displayed the expected unconditional responses to the shock (e.g., jumping, squealing, urinating, etc.), however with subsequent presentations of the tone-shock trials, those responses habituated somewhat. (wikipedia.org)
I developed a procedure in which rats learn two feature-negative discriminations with two different responses (AR1+, ABR1- and CR2+, CDR2-) and the effects of the inhibitory cues (B and D) are tested with both responses. (uvm.edu)
Rats were conditioned to fear a tone previously paired with footshock. (jneurosci.org)
The following day, rats were systemically administered saline or the NMDA glycine site antagonist (+)-HA-966 before exposure to thirty minutes of conditioned stress. (jneurosci.org)

Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. (arabpsychology.com)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding two types of bioflocs (photoautotrophic and heterotrophic) on the physiological condition and postharvest quality of the white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei intensively farmed under greenhouse conditions. (aquaculturemag.com)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding two types of bioflocs (photoautotrophic and heterotrophic) produced exogenously to the culture system, on the physiological condition (as indicated by some hemolymph parameters) and postharvest quality of the white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei intensively farmed under greenhouse conditions. (aquaculturemag.com)
The purpose of which is to measure the physiological response of KBS against an already established modality. (lww.com)
However, contrary to previous research, the KBS was able to elicit a physiological response, despite the lack of pelvic restraint supporting the potential to strengthen the lumbar extensors. (lww.com)
Skin conductance response (SCR) data served to measure the physiological response during conditioning and extinction memory phases. (frontiersin.org)

In the backward conditioning control procedure popular with Pavlov, his dogs did not salivate to the presentation of the CS, in contrast to those that received forward conditioning. (wikipedia.org)
However, since Pavlov was studying conditioned excitation, by measuring drops of saliva, he could not experimentally measure the inhibition of salivation. (wikipedia.org)

abstract = "History encompasses some singular sequences of events and conditions that create entrepreneurial opportunities. (unl.pt)
These results support both abstract and cerebellar models of conditioning that encode the CS into a cascade of microstimuli, while challenging theories of extinction that rely on changes in CS processing, US representations, and contextual control. (edu.au)

This condition can be called many names including post-COVID conditions, long COVID, long haul COVID, and Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). (ca.gov)
People in any age group can develop post-COVID conditions, but they appear to be less common in children compared to adults. (ca.gov)
There is still a lot we do not know about post-COVID conditions, and this is an area of active research. (ca.gov)
During this COCA Call, clinicians will learn about the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's new interim guidance which provides a framework for healthcare providers in their initial assessment, evaluation, management, and follow-up of persons with possible post-COVID conditions. (cdc.gov)
Post-COVID conditions refer to the wide range of physical and mental health consequences experienced by some patients that are present four or more weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by patients who had initial mild or asymptomatic acute infection. (cdc.gov)
Post-COVID conditions are still being characterized and include symptoms such as cognitive difficulties, fatigue, headache, dyspnea, and palpitations. (cdc.gov)
Rapid recognition by healthcare providers of patients with post-COVID conditions and multidisciplinary care using the assessments and approaches described in this guidance could improve the wellbeing and treatment of people with post-COVID conditions. (cdc.gov)
Describe the symptoms and conditions associated with post-COVID conditions. (cdc.gov)

Destruction of either pathway alone had no effect on auditory fear conditioning. (jneurosci.org)

ATTENTION has recently been focused on the effect of peptides on conditioned avoidance behaviour. (nature.com)
It has been shown that adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) administered during avoidance learning results in a delay of extinction of a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) 1,2 . (nature.com)
They let themselves be affected by whatever experience is present in the field of awareness, refraining from engaging in avoidance or internal reactivity towards it, and instead bring acceptance to bodily and affective responses ( Hart, 1987 ). (frontiersin.org)

The results of recent experiments from this laboratory and others have suggested that extinction of an operant response occurs because the animal learns to inhibit the specific response. (uvm.edu)
Operant responses can also be inhibited in discrimination procedures. (uvm.edu)

Method(s): Human white preadipocytes were cultured with 25% MacCM for 24 h to elicit inflammatory responses. (edgehill.ac.uk)

This phenomenon we now call "conditioned inhibition. (wikipedia.org)
CER can, therefore, measure both conditioned excitation and conditioned inhibition. (wikipedia.org)
These mice also showed deficits in contextual and trace fear conditioning, and possibly in prepulse inhibition. (nih.gov)
Experiments using this sort of method have produced evidence of considerable cross-response inhibition. (uvm.edu)
Given the contrast with extinction, six experiments in this dissertation attempted to understand the conditions that produce cross-response vs. response-specific inhibition. (uvm.edu)
The research found that the inhibitors suppress the response they were trained with (same-response inhibition) and the response they were not trained with (cross-response inhibition) about equally (Experiment 1). (uvm.edu)
The results of Experiment 2 confirmed a role for response or prediction error in the development of inhibition, and ruled out a possible role for competing responses in inhibition. (uvm.edu)
Experiment 3 ruled out the possibility the inhibitors produce cross-response inhibition by predicting the absence of the common reinforcing outcome. (uvm.edu)
Experiments 4 and 5 found a role for previous inhibition learning with the response (inhibitability) to support cross-response inhibition. (uvm.edu)
Experiment 6 tested the possibility that inhibitability could also produce cross-response inhibition in an extinction design, and failed to find such evidence. (uvm.edu)
Overall, the results suggest substantial cross-response inhibition in feature-negative designs, much of which depends on the organism's experience with the inhibitability of the response. (uvm.edu)

In extinction, a reinforced response is allowed to occur without reinforcement, and the response declines over time. (uvm.edu)
The classical fear conditioning/extinction/extinction retention paradigm is a well-known method for assessing emotional learning. (frontiersin.org)
The present study tested the impact of mindfulness training on fear conditioning and extinction memory and further investigated whether changes in white matter fiber tracts might support such changes. (frontiersin.org)
In this pilot study, 46 healthy participants were quasi-randomized to a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR, N = 23) or waitlist control ( N = 23) group and underwent a two-day fear conditioning, extinction learning, and extinction memory protocol before and after the course or control period. (frontiersin.org)
Such processes are typically investigated through classical fear conditioning and extinction protocols. (frontiersin.org)

How would the 2016 election have played out under 2020 conditions? (powerlineblog.com)
As of March 28, 2020, U.S. states and territories have reported 122,653 U.S. COVID-19 cases to CDC, including 7,162 (5.8%) for whom data on underlying health conditions and other known risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections were reported. (cdc.gov)
Inlet and outlet of air conditioner described in study of COVID-19 outbreak associated with air conditioning in restaurant, Guangzhou, China, 2020 ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

The CER procedure obviates this problem because conditioning is typically measured with a "suppression ratio", the ratio of responding during the CS period relative to a period of equal length but without the CS (usually immediately prior to the presentation of the CS). (wikipedia.org)
These are all typically conditioned responses of a variety of people. (vftar.com)

The presence of microbial communities do not only have a positive effect on the production response of shrimp, but an antagonist effect on potential pathogens, and also play a role as immunomodulatory agent for shrimp. (aquaculturemag.com)

3) If they use habitat types differentially, is this differential use related to abiotic and biotic conditions? (uzh.ch)
We conclude that differential habitat use and differences in response to abiotic conditions and predation risk can override competitive interactions, thereby facilitating local co-existence and high species diversity. (uzh.ch)

One brief exposure to a psychological stressor induces long-lasting, time-dependent sensitizations to both the cataleptic and neurochemical responses to haloperidol. (cdc.gov)

Consequently, it has been suggested that the deconditioning of the lumbar extensors is a risk factor for the onset of LBP ( 35 ) and that conditioning them through exercise could be an effective prophylactic and rehabilitative measure ( 25,31,34 ). (lww.com)
I. A community should review these recommendations and develop its own response before the onset of a suicide cluster. (cdc.gov)

Understanding river response to sediment pulses is a fundamental problem in geomorphic process studies, with myriad implications for river management. (usgs.gov)
Canadian society is struggling with the ethical implications of its permissive MAiD programme, and, fundamental to this debate, will be determining the proper balance between autonomy and non-maleficence for people living in unjust social conditions. (bmj.com)

With medical alarm systems, the simple push of a button allows seniors to notify the emergency response center immediately upon danger. (pioneeremergency.com)
With our Emergency Response Management System, we are well prepared to take professional action should any potential events occur. (basf.com)
Our emergency response Experts serve as competent contact persons around the clock worldwide. (basf.com)
Our global Emergency Response Management System provides the access to expertise in the field of emergency response throughout the BASF Group and for our partners. (basf.com)
The rule for emergency response is: being well prepared for potential incidents is key. (basf.com)
We integrate our worldwide group companies, joint ventures, partners and suppliers into our emergency response management system. (basf.com)
We also make our expertise in the area of emergency response available to our customers. (basf.com)
US$ 332 million (US$ 220 million for emergency response and US$ 112 million for recovery efforts), with continuous emergency response operations in December 2023. (who.int)
US$ 332 million, with continuous emergency response in December 2023. (who.int)

We have carried out 1) NH4+-signal perception, 2) assimilation and remobilization of nitrogen, 3) metabolic balance between C and N, and 4) modeling of spikelet-ripening to understand molecular mechanisms of response. (nii.ac.jp)
Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by macrophage infiltration and inflammatory responses - metaflammation in adipose tissue. (edgehill.ac.uk)
Moreover, as interventions that prevent this could potentially be used to treat or prevent metabolic syndrome, and 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 has previously been reported to exert an anti-inflammatory action on macrophage-stimulated adipocytes, in this study we also investigated whether 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 could attenuate inflammatory responses in MacCM-stimulated preadipocytes, and explored the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms. (edgehill.ac.uk)

The findings suggest effects of mindfulness practice on the maintenance of sensitivity of emotional responses and suggest underlying neural plasticity. (frontiersin.org)

Pretreatment with (+)-HA-966 did not affect stress-induced serum corticosterone elevation but did attenuate the freezing response. (jneurosci.org)

More importantly, the CER procedure solved a serious experimental problem in classical conditioning. (wikipedia.org)
Our results, although limited by a small sample, are somewhat consistent with those of a previous study that did not find significant response slowing for apes as a function of aversive testing conditions, although the procedure has been effective in identifying dysregulated fear (high fear in low threat conditions) in macaques. (peerj.com)

Using a second-order conditioning technique to assess the associative strength of CSs of different delay intervals, Experiment 2 showed that shorter intervals generated more strength than longer intervals, but the differences in CR form observed in Experiment 1 were not dependent on differences in associative strength. (unboundmedicine.com)
In Experiment 3, CSs of equal duration but different CS-US intervals in trace conditioning evoked CRs similar in form to those observed with delay procedures in Experiment 1. (unboundmedicine.com)

Based on preliminary U.S. data, persons with underlying health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease, appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19-associated disease than persons without these conditions. (cdc.gov)
The most commonly reported conditions were diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease. (cdc.gov)
People who have chronic medical conditions like high blood pressure, obesity, heart or lung disease, diabetes or asthma, and older adults are at higher risk of becoming very ill and dying from COVID-19. (ca.gov)
Read more information about the most common 9/11-related health condition, chronic rhinosinusitis . (medscape.com)

But differences in the ground rules of the two elections suggest that Hillary Clinton might have defeated Trump in 2016 under this year's conditions. (powerlineblog.com)
J Strength Cond Res 30(5): 1189-1195, 2016-The aim of this study was to use a fatigue response test to measure the muscular fatigue (defined as a reduction in torque production) sustained by the lumbar extensors after a single set of kettlebell swings (KBS) in comparison with isolated lumbar extensions (ILEX) and a control condition (CON). (lww.com)

Thus, the lack of salivation by Pavlov's dogs led him to conclude that no conditioning resulted, however, he could not measure conditioning. (wikipedia.org)

Warfarin sensitivity is a condition in which individuals have a low tolerance for the drug warfarin. (medlineplus.gov)

These findings are consistent with a two‐phase conceptual model of dam‐removal response, involving a transport‐limited state followed by a more supply‐limited state. (usgs.gov)
These preliminary findings suggest that in the United States, persons with underlying health conditions or other recognized risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections appear to be at a higher risk for severe disease from COVID-19 than are persons without these conditions. (cdc.gov)

As humans we are all conditioned by our parental and cultural influences. (dreamhawk.com)

The results showed that the conditions were mild and use-ful for maximizing a quantitative spectropho-tometer determination of TC in rapeseed. (scirp.org)
Against this perspective, the present study reports the extensive finite element analysis (FEA) results, while analyzing the impact of a newly designed patient -specific TMJ implant to address clinical complications associated with various bone conditions, particularly osteoporotic bone . (bvsalud.org)

Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw in The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. (lww.com)
Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory (pp. 64-99). (arabpsychology.com)
This research reveals that elimination of the rabbit nictitating membrane response occurred during continuous CS-US pairings. (edu.au)
By addressing the limitations of previous research and emphasizing the importance of bone conditions, the study provides valuable guidelines for the development of next-generation TMJ implants. (bvsalud.org)

Most of these works are related to the productive, zoo-technical and reproductive responses of the organisms farmed in many types of biofloc technology systems (BFT). (aquaculturemag.com)
Under nitrogen starved conditions, rice plants reduce their active tiller number in vegetative stage and their spikelet number in reproductive stage. (nii.ac.jp)

It may also be called "conditioned suppression" or "conditioned fear response (CFR). (wikipedia.org)

Anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a humanized antibody that overcomes CTLA-4-mediated T-cell suppression to enhance the immune response against tumors. (medscape.com)

Our understanding of the response of reef-building corals to changes in their physical environment is largely based on laboratory experiments, analysis of long-term field data, and model projections. (uni-konstanz.de)

Eight physically active males participated in a repeated measures design where participants completed all conditions. (lww.com)

We test the hypothesis that for a given flow magnitude, greater geomorphic change occurs under sediment‐rich conditions than under sediment‐starved conditions. (usgs.gov)

The recommendations contained in this report were developed to assist community leaders in public health, mental health, education, and other fields to develop a community response plan for suicide clusters or for situations that might develop into suicide clusters. (cdc.gov)

2019 ) both to assess its validity for assessing affect in apes, and for potentially evaluating the effects of housing conditions on the affect of these three gorillas. (peerj.com)

These data are discussed in terms of an orienting response hypothesis proposed earlier to account for differences in the nature of CRs evoked by CSs differing in physical characteristics such as modality. (unboundmedicine.com)
To test this hypothesis we used antibodies to block IL-6 and IL-1beta action in macrophage conditioned medium (MacCM)-stimulated human white preadipocytes. (edgehill.ac.uk)

However, we do not support mandatory vaccination as a condition of deployment in a healthcare setting. (college-optometrists.org)
Under conditions of intensifying place competition and the erosion of regional planning coordination, however, I argue that such trickle‐down and fiscal impacts are often less significant than the spatially and socially regressive cross‐subsidies that support and sustain the emergence of such spaces. (ijurr.org)

Human beings in general are still largely moved by the old reptilian and mammalian urges, pushed into war, conflict and murder, territorialism and old mating patterns in ways that are far from rational - these are unconditioned responses. (dreamhawk.com)
While we have an overall understanding of past aridity trends, the linkage between temporal dynamics in aridity and dryland ecosystem responses remain largely unknown. (lu.se)
However, molecular mechanisms in these responses are largely not known. (nii.ac.jp)

1.5 Xero will acknowledge via email or Xero's Online Procurement Platform the receipt of Responses and the withdrawal of any Response. (xero.com)

Published reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease include underlying health conditions, but data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported. (cdc.gov)
Strategies to protect all persons and especially those with underlying health conditions, including social distancing and handwashing, should be implemented by all communities and all persons to help slow the spread of COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
Reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
however, data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
The next questions are about any health conditions [CHILD] may have. (cdc.gov)

In addition to the commonly reported conditions shown in the Infographic below, a rise in liver disease has also been reported . (medscape.com)

The state agencies that make up the Drought Response Task Force in Illinois met in mid-July to provide recommendations and assistance in dealing with persistent dry weather in the state. (icl.coop)
The Drought Response Task Force is chaired by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, and includes experts from the Illinois departments of Agriculture, Water Survey, Public Health and the Emergency Management Agency. (icl.coop)

The responses and their frequency parameters were evaluated in the simply supported boundary condition. (scialert.net)

However, an assessment of how well experimental conditions cover the breadth of environmental conditions and variability where corals live successfully is missing. (uni-konstanz.de)
Using a meta-analysis approach, we compared the variability of environmental conditions assayed in coral experimental studies to current and projected conditions in their natural habitats. (uni-konstanz.de)
Our analysis highlights that a large portion of the natural environmental variability at short and long timescales is underexplored in experimental designs, which may provide a path to extend our understanding on the response of corals to global climate change. (uni-konstanz.de)

4) Does interspecific competition predict breeding site use or do abiotic conditions and predation risk better predict habitat use? (uzh.ch)
We did not observe response slowing in Experiment One, although daytime and nighttime conditions interacted to predict response latencies. (peerj.com)

Habitat types that were used by multiple species were used in a species-specific manner in relation to both abiotic conditions and predation risk. (uzh.ch)
Design and development of a patient-specific temporomandibular joint implant: Probing the influence of bone condition on biomechanical response. (bvsalud.org)
This study addresses these limitations by examining the influence of patient -specific design concepts and bone conditions on TMJ implant performance. (bvsalud.org)

The role of the NMDA receptor and its glycine modulatory site was investigated in a rat conditioned stress model. (jneurosci.org)
These data suggest that the NMDA receptor complex and associated glycine modulatory site may play an important role in the afferent control of the mesoprefrontal cortical DA system during conditioned stress. (jneurosci.org)

Response is not a replacement for your ordinary mobile or fixed telephone or other means of communication and does not allow you to make emergency calls or communications to emergency services. (joinresponse.com)

Male Charles-River-CD-1-white-mice were exposed to 500, 1000 or 2000 parts per million (ppm) of toluene for the last 4 hours of 5 consecutive days and their responses recorded and compared with a control series. (cdc.gov)

A measure of 0.5 indicates no conditioning, while measures that deviate from 0.5 reflect effective conditioning, relatively (0 is indicative of asymptotic conditioning). (wikipedia.org)

How deeply fixed in your subconscious the conditioning is will help determine how you respond/react. (vftar.com)

Potential opportunities for prevention were often missed during the early stages of response as community leaders searched for information on how best to respond to suicide clusters. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy14

Organisms5

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Psychiatry and Psychology25

Phenomena and Processes10

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care2

Behavior8

Stimuli9

Pavlovian2

Centers for Diseas1

Stimulus10

Behavioral3

Rats5

Reflexes1

Physiological5

Pavlov2

Abstract2

Post-COVID Conditions8

Auditory1

Avoidance3

Operant2

Elicit1

Inhibition11

Extinction5

20203

Typically2

Antagonist1

Differential2

Neurochemical1

Onset2

Implications2

Emergency response9

Metabolic3

Emotional1

Attenuate1

Procedure2

Intervals2

Chronic4

20162

Conclude1

Sensitivity1

Findings2

Parental1

Results2

Research4

Reproductive2

Fear response1

Immune response1

Experiments1

Participants1

Occurs1

Mental health1

20191

Hypothesis2

Support2

Largely3

Receipt1

Health conditions5

Commonly1

Task Force2

Frequency1

Experimental3

Predict2

Specific3

Site2

Replacement1

Mice1

Measure1

Determine1

Respond1