• In this study of patients who underwent CABG, we correlated risk factors and outcomes with preoperative EF and compared the long-term survival of our subjects with that of matched cohorts from the general population of The Netherlands. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, induction therapy is widely used in KT to improve both short- and long-term graft outcomes. (sciepub.com)
  • While such practices may yield shorter wait times and adequate short-term outcomes, graft longevity in HLA mismatched patients remains unclear. (aku.edu)
  • Outcomes and factors affecting survival were analyzed in 5347 consecutive OLTs performed in 3752 adults and 822 children between 1984 and 2012, including comparisons of recipient and donor characteristics, graft and patient outcomes, and postoperative morbidity before (n = 3218) and after (n = 2129) implementation of the MELD allocation system. (escholarship.org)
  • Low ATP contents in the graft have been associated with poor transplant outcomes. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
  • Thus, we hypothesize that adding an oxygen carrier - perfluorocarbon (PFC) to the preservation solution may reduce graft damage and improve outcomes of DCD grafts. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
  • Influence of graft ischemia time on outcomes following lung transplantation. (jamanetwork.com)
  • However, it is unknown what effect donor hypernatremia has on graft and recipient outcomes after lung transplantation. (rug.nl)
  • OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe and present the outcomes of a specific treatment protocol for aortic vascular graft and endograft infections (VGEIs) without explantation of the infected graft. (lu.se)
  • Our aim is to determine the impact of the graft on mid-term outcomes: Valsalva graft vs. two straight tubular grafts. (lvhn.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The Valsalva and two-graft techniques both have excellent short- and mid-term outcomes. (lvhn.org)
  • Despite remarkable short-term recovery, long-term lung survival continues to face several major challenges, including chronic rejection and severe toxic side effects due to global immunosuppression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The novel Cymerus™ manufacturing facilitates production of a virtually limitless supply of consistent human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which could play a key role in selective immunosuppression and graft repair during rejection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Existing immunosuppressive drugs for organ transplantation may achieve sufficient immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection or limit autoreactivity, but they are typically not successful in achieving long-term survival of the graft or preventing progression of fibrosis and chronic rejection [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, the introduction of cyclosporine as the primary immunosuppressive agent for cardiac transplant recipients has resulted in excellent survival rates (85% 1-year survival at most centers) and has decreased illness associated with infection and rejection. (cdc.gov)
  • The primary endpoints comprised the rate and the severity of acute rejection episodes as well as the 3-year graft function and survival. (sciepub.com)
  • We did not find any significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the length of hospital stay, the rate and severity of acute rejection, the rate of CMV infection, the occurrence of delayed graft function and the rate and type of surgical complications at 1 year. (sciepub.com)
  • Since its first successful attempt in 1954, kidney transplantation (KT) has witnessed tremendous progression in graft survival (GS), as well as acute rejection (AR) rate and severity. (sciepub.com)
  • Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are associated with acute kidney graft rejection, but their role in small bowel/multivisceral allograft remains unclear. (lww.com)
  • The clinical rejection episodes in allografts were significantly associated with the presence of DSA ( P =0.041).We obtained 291 biopsy samples from graft ileum and date-matched DSA assay reports. (lww.com)
  • Graft rejection was recognized in 12.9% of eyes. (oamjms.eu)
  • The introduction of cyclosporine has resulted in improvement in the short-term outcome of renal transplantation, but its effect on the long-term survival of kidney transplants is not known. (nih.gov)
  • A regression analysis adjusted for these variables was used to estimate the risk of graft failure within the first year and more than one year after transplantation. (nih.gov)
  • We analyzed data from a cohort of 889 first kidney graft recipients with ATG induction (86 with SSD [SSD(+)] and 803 without SSD [SSD(-)]) from the Données Informatisées et Validées en Transplantation data bank. (nih.gov)
  • We demonstrated that iPSC-derived MSC treatment leads to significant increases in hTSG-6 protein, followed by an upregulation of mouse Tregs and IL-5, IL-10, and IL-15 cytokines, which augments graft microvascular blood flow and oxygenation, and thereby maintained a healthy airway epithelium and prevented the subepithelial deposition of collagen at d90 post transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By providing temporary heart, kidney, or liver support as a bridge-to-transplantation, these biological devices may allow patients to recover end-organ function and await allograft transplantation in a more stable clinical state, thus improving their chances of survival. (cdc.gov)
  • The global survival rate of graft and patient in kidney transplantation of children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis on published studies about the Global Survival Rate of Graft and Patients in the Kidney Transplantation of children . (bvsalud.org)
  • To describe the clinical response, overall and graft survival of patients in our center with this complication after kidney transplantation, which received rituximab as part of their treatment as well as conversion to m-TOR. (univalle.edu.co)
  • There were no studies of direct acting antiviral therapy and effect on patient or graft survival after kidney transplantation. (wjgnet.com)
  • Efforts to improve calcium-phosphate-PTH homeostasis in patients on the waiting list for renal transplantation should be encouraged also to improve graft survival. (eur.nl)
  • Secondary endpoints contain: the frequency and the type of infections and the surgical complications at 1 year as well as the amount of malignancy and the patient survival at 1, 6, 12 and 36 months after kidney transplantation. (sciepub.com)
  • These data demonstrate that a transplantation protocol involving only selective tumor-reactive donor T cell families is an effective immunotherapy and results in long-term survival in a mouse model of human MM. The results highlight the need to develop similar ATCT strategies for MM patients that result in enhanced survival without symptoms of GvHD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) beyond 7 years remains rare even after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and treatment with novel agents [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of 17 recipient and donor variables, era of transplantation, etiology of liver disease, recipient and donor age, prior transplantation, MELD score, hospitalization at time of OLT, and cold and warm ischemia time were independent predictors of survival. (escholarship.org)
  • The plain English version would read: "In this two year, open-label trial, our company's antihuman T-lymphocyte immune globulin (ATG) halved the rate of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in people who had previously undergone allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, but made no difference to mortality. (bmj.com)
  • Effect of ischemic time on survival in clinical lung transplantation. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Effect of donor age and ischemic time on intermediate survival and morbidity after lung transplantation. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Graft ischemic time and outcome of lung transplantation: a multicenter analysis. (jamanetwork.com)
  • To determine the factors that influence patient survival after in vivo split liver transplantation (SLT). (mssm.edu)
  • The type of graft (right vs. left) did not reduce the survival rate after transplantation. (mssm.edu)
  • Patient survival of in vivo SLT is not significantly different from that of whole-organ orthotopic liver transplantation. (mssm.edu)
  • Result(s) The Akt1 -/- ovarian grafts showed a gradual decrease in angiogenic response with time after transplantation, ultimately leading to complete or near-complete graft destruction coinciding with massive follicular loss. (huji.ac.il)
  • Histologic analysis at the end point of the study (6 months post-transplantation) showed robust long-term survival of donor-derived tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)(+) dopaminergic neurons in rats transplanted with day 14 dopaminergic neurons. (ca.gov)
  • BACKGROUND Donor hypernatremia has been associated with reduced graft and recipient survival after heart, liver, kidney, and pancreas transplantation. (rug.nl)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of donor hypernatremia with the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, the incidence of severe primary graft dysfunction, and survival following lung transplantation. (rug.nl)
  • Moreover, SSD(+) patients exhibited significantly elevated titers of anti-ATG (P = 0.043) and anti-Neu5Gc (P = 0.007) IgGs in late post-graft samples compared with SSD(-) recipients. (nih.gov)
  • The 5 year patient survival of kidney transplant recipients with and without hepatitis C cirrhosis ranged from 31% to 90% and 85% to 92%, respectively. (wjgnet.com)
  • Hepatitis C kidney transplant recipients had lower 10-year survival when compared to hepatitis B patients, 40% and 90% respectively. (wjgnet.com)
  • The survival span of C57bl/6 skin grafts was significantly prolonged in immunized Balb/c recipients with a donor-specific pattern. (newswise.com)
  • In the UNOS (but not Pittsburgh) category of one-HLA mismatch (n=1334), a subgroup of CREG-matched recipients (35.3%) had better graft survival than the remaining 64.7%, who were CREG-mismatched. (pitt.edu)
  • Despite increasing acuity in post-MELD era recipients, patient and graft survival continues to improve, justifying the "sickest first" allocation approach. (escholarship.org)
  • During a 3.5-year period, 55 right and 55 left lateral in vivo split grafts were transplanted in 102 pediatric and adult recipients. (mssm.edu)
  • Survival of left lateral segment recipients, at median follow-up time, was 76% versus 80% in patients receiving a trisegment. (mssm.edu)
  • High-risk recipients had a survival rate significantly lower than that of nonurgent recipients. (mssm.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS Donor hypernatremia was not associated with a worse outcome in lung transplant recipients. (rug.nl)
  • Title : Survival after cancer diagnosis among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States Personal Author(s) : D'Arcy, Monica E.;Coghill, Anna E.;Lynch, Charles F.;Koch, Lori;Li, Jie;Pawlish, Karen S.;Morris, Cyllene R.;Rao, Chandrika;Engels, Eric A. (cdc.gov)
  • Epidermal appendages are important sources of epithelial cells that re-epithelialize when the overlying epithelium is removed or destroyed in patients with partial thickness burns , abrasions, or split-thickness skin graft harvesting. (medscape.com)
  • RATIONALE: Prompt healing of split thickness skin graft donor sites is primordial to the survival of severely burned patients. (umontreal.ca)
  • Independent predictors of survival were identified. (escholarship.org)
  • Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified UNOS status and length of donor hospital stay as independent predictors of survival. (mssm.edu)
  • Recurrence in the renal allograft and graft loss may occur if hyperoxaluria is not controlled. (asn-online.org)
  • Most had monomorphic histology, 85% were associated with Epstein-Barr virus, 25% of patients had tumor involvement of the renal graft, and 12.5% ​​had primary central nervous system lymphoma. (univalle.edu.co)
  • We studied the influence of long-standing Ca-P disregulation on renal transplant survival. (eur.nl)
  • All patients were managed with reduction of immunosuppression, conversion to m-TOR (except one who lost the graft at diagnosis) and rituximab-based therapy. (univalle.edu.co)
  • An additional patient lost the graft, with chronic nephropathy already known. (univalle.edu.co)
  • One of the 3 patients engrafted but lost the graft at 7 months post-transplant. (nih.gov)
  • Cheriyan T, Kao HK, Qiao X, Guo L (2014) Low harvest pressure enhances autologous fat graft viability. (springermedicine.com)
  • Zhong X, Yan W, He X, Ni Y (2009) Improved fat graft viability by delayed fat flap with ischaemic pretreatment. (springermedicine.com)
  • Abdominal normothermic regional perfusion (aNRP) can reverse ischemic injury early during the procurement procedure, and it simultaneously enables graft viability testing to unravel this black box. (eur.nl)
  • The primary outcome consisted of criteria for liver graft viability assessment. (eur.nl)
  • Intervention(s) Ovaries from Akt1 -/- and Akt1 +/+ mice transplanted in the biceps femoris muscle of immunocompromised CD-1 mice, and ovarian graft viability, perfusion, and revascularization explored in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (huji.ac.il)
  • This study aimed to assess the effect of SSD on long-term kidney allograft outcome and to compare the immunization status of grafted patients presenting with SSD following ATG induction treatment. (nih.gov)
  • Seventy-two-hour primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) did not differ between the two groups. (minervamedica.it)
  • In addition, PFC improved survival of rat DCD liver grafts (p=0.025), even leading to long-term survival while control animals died within 24h (fig.2). (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
  • Adding oxygen carriers is a promising approach to improve results of static cold preservation of DCD liver grafts. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
  • Martins P, Berendsen T, Yeh H, Bruinsma B, Izamis M, Uygun K, McDaid J, Yarmush M, Markmann J. Perfluorocarbon Added to the University of Winsconsin Solution Reduces Ischemia Reperfusion Injury and Prolongs Survival of DCD Liver Grafts [abstract]. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
  • Acceptance of liver grafts from donations after circulatory death (DCD) largely remains a "black box," particularly due to the unpredictability of the agonal phase. (eur.nl)
  • The young male patient with an unresectable primary iASC underwent a LT using a marginal fatty liver graft. (oncologyradiotherapy.com)
  • The selective use of anticoagulation, vascular stents, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt and liver transplant has resulted in a significant increase in survival. (medscape.com)
  • Other individuals have a multitude of the most severe symptoms of end-stage liver disease and a limited chance for survival. (medscape.com)
  • The severity of left ventricular dysfunction was associated with poor survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusion: Appropriate timing and skin for the repair of wound was the key to reduce postoperative dysfunction after simple limb skin avulsion. (omicsonline.org)
  • Survival, graft dysfunction, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), complications, and bilateral LT (BLT) were compared between the ECMO group and the non-ECMO group. (minervamedica.it)
  • However, overall survival and graft dysfunction did not differ between the two groups, which suggests that ECMO improves the chance for the patients in critical condition to survive LT. (minervamedica.it)
  • Severe primary graft dysfunction was not different between the 3 groups (29%, 26%, 28%, P=0.724). (rug.nl)
  • Since 1988, there has been a substantial increase in short-term and long-term survival of kidney grafts from both living and cadaveric donors. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we demonstrated the impact of iPSC-derived human MSCs on the development of immune tolerance and long-term graft survival in mouse orthotopic airway allografts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This retrospective analysis demonstrates the effects of preoperative ejection fraction on the short-term and long-term survival of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 50%, long-term survival exceeded expected survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their isolation and infusion into MM-bearing mice resulted in a vigorous GvM response without induction GvHD and long-term survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By then infusing the animals with B10.D2 T cells from only the TCR Vβ 2, 3 and 8.3 families appropriately pre-activated in vitro, we saw a vigorous GvM response without any clinical or histological signs of GvHD or disease relapse, which translated into long-term, disease-free survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data highlight the possibility that tumor-specific ATCT may lead to long-term disease-free survival without GvHD in patients with MM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aims to demonstrate that HLA matching may still play an important role in long-term graft survival. (aku.edu)
  • A greater number of HLA mismatches was associated with progressively worse long-term graft survival for patients. (aku.edu)
  • However, surprisingly the impact of Akt1 deficiency was most profound not in the early stages of angiogenesis but rather in long-term survival of the graft. (huji.ac.il)
  • Importantly, no tumors were detected in any grafted rats, but long-term tumorigenic studies will need to determine the safety of our products. (ca.gov)
  • After censoring of data for patients who died with functioning grafts, the half-life for grafts from living donors increased from 16.9 years to 35.9 years, and that for cadaveric grafts increased from 11.0 years to 19.5 years. (nih.gov)
  • In conclusion, our data indicate that SSD is a major contributing factor of late graft loss following ATG induction and that anti-Neu5Gc antibodies increase over time in SSD(+) patients. (nih.gov)
  • After a median follow up of 58 months in 23 patients who received kidney TX, 4 had graft loss (due to ON in 3). (asn-online.org)
  • Method: Eleven patients with simple limb skin avulsion underwent large-area stereotypy full-thickness skin graft for wound repair. (omicsonline.org)
  • 85% of patients in both series), most of the survival advantage of a zero mismatch was lost. (pitt.edu)
  • In a publication on 225 patients, primarily with Hb SS disease, data shows that even though 60% of patients were taking hydroxyurea, the median survival age was only 48 years. (nih.gov)
  • In another paper, the cumulative survival in 150 adults was followed from 2003 to 2016 and patients were screened for heart, lung, and kidney disease. (nih.gov)
  • Stopping rules were built into the study so that if too many patients either rejected their grafts or developed moderate to severe GVHD, the study would move to the 2nd cohort. (nih.gov)
  • Based on the three patients losing their grafts, stopping rules were met and the study moved to the 2nd cohort where 1 dose of Cy was given at 50mg/kg on day 3 post-transplant. (nih.gov)
  • We identified patients undergoing an index kidney transplant in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) data from 1990 to 1999, with one-year graft survival. (aku.edu)
  • Ces patients avaient en moyenne 43.5 ans, 56 % de superficie brûlée, 45% de brûlure pleine épaisseur, 66% avaient une brûlure d'inhalation, 75 jours de séjour. (umontreal.ca)
  • EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Studies comparing the survival of LT patients with and without ECMO were identified by searching databases. (minervamedica.it)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Patients who needed ECMO were in critical condition and might not have survived without ECMO. (minervamedica.it)
  • Thirteen patients (15 grafts) were serially evaluated for DSA levels pre- and posttransplant. (lww.com)
  • Overall survival rates of patients who received an SLT were not significantly different from those of patients who received whole organ transplants. (mssm.edu)
  • PK is an effective procedure with high rate of graft survival for keratoconus patients. (oamjms.eu)
  • CONCLUSION: Identifying the microbiological aetiology in patients with aortic VGEI enables individualised, specific antibiotic treatment, which may be useful in patients with a VGEI excluded from surgery. (lu.se)
  • This single centre retrospective analysis of patients with VGEIs without fistula selected for conservative treatment suggests that conservative management of aortic VGEIs with targeted antibiotic therapy without graft excision is potentially effective, and that antimicrobial treatment will not necessarily be needed indefinitely. (lu.se)
  • Hydroxyurea has proven clinical efficacy for SCA - treatment significantly reduces disease manifestations and prolongs survival. (cdc.gov)
  • The induced immunotolerance of SN-iPSCs-DCs was evaluated by treating recipient Balb/c skin graft mice. (newswise.com)
  • Using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling, we studied the relationship between levels of conventional HLA mismatch and other donor and recipient factors on primary cadaver kidney survival between 1981 and 1995 at the University of Pittsburgh (n=1,780) and in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Scientific Registry during 1991-1995 (n=31,291). (pitt.edu)
  • Recipient survival was best in children with biliary atresia and worst in adults with malignancy. (escholarship.org)
  • Recipient, donor, and surgical variables were analyzed for their effect on patient survival after SLT. (mssm.edu)
  • The primary outcome of the analysis was graft survival beyond 10 years. (aku.edu)
  • Main Outcome Measure(s) Vascular density and permeability of newly formed graft blood vessels quantified by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI 7, 14, 30, and 60 days after grafting as indicators for angiogenesis and reestablishment of blood perfusion. (huji.ac.il)
  • The primary outcome was survival at the last available follow. (lu.se)
  • However, there was still a relatively high incidence of buried grafts when the sharp instrument was removed and the dull instrument inserted, pushing the grafts into the subcutaneous space. (bernsteinmedical.com)
  • 43 The NEJM has printed a lot of strangely worded abstract conclusions so far this year. (bmj.com)
  • Allocation of cadaver kidneys by graded human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility scoring arguably has had little effect on overall survival while prejudicing the transplant candidacy of African-American and other hard to match populations. (pitt.edu)
  • Overall survival improved over time and center volume and did not differ significantly between the two groups. (minervamedica.it)
  • The overall survival of this patient was 16 months, with a recurrence-free survival of 8 months. (oncologyradiotherapy.com)
  • We analysed whether the inhibition of post-keratoplasty revascularisation in mice with partly regressed corneal vessels ("intermediate-risk") improves graft survival. (bmj.com)
  • The mice grafted with the fat from the 24 h starved group had approximately 20% larger volumes and considerably heavier weights than those from the fed group. (springermedicine.com)
  • Collectively, our data suggest that huRBCs reconstituted NSG mice infected with attenuated P . falciparum is a valuable tool to explore the role of C9 mutation in the growth and survival of parasite mutants and their response to the host's immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Vyas KS, Vasconez HC, Morrison S et al (2020) Fat Graft Enrichment Strategies: A Systematic Review. (springermedicine.com)
  • Autograft biopsies were taken to document graft harvest thickness. (umontreal.ca)
  • P.R. performed pathologic scoring on graft biopsies, antibodies assay, clinical data collection and analysis, and editing the drafts of the manuscript. (lww.com)
  • Adoptive Allogeneic T-cell therapy (ATCT) might be curative for MM, however current ATCT protocols often lead to graft versus host disease (GvHD). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies that investigated the survival rate of kidney transplants published until the 30th of December 2020 were selected using a systematic search strategy in the following databases Medline , Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, ISI Web of Science , and Cochrane. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transplanting only tumor reactive donor T cells that mediate a graft-versus-myeloma (GvM) but not GvHD may overcome this problem. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The survival rate was similar in the two groups, but the rate of a composite end point of chronic GVHD-free survival and relapse-free survival was higher with ATG. (bmj.com)
  • Fasting for 24 h before harvesting fat increased the retention volume of fat graft by increasing angiogenesis via VEGF induction. (springermedicine.com)
  • Performance could be further improved by using summary risk prediction scores such as the EUROSCORE II for coronary artery bypass graft surgery or the GRACE risk score for acute coronary syndrome. (who.int)
  • Objective To explore the role of Akt1, a principle modulator of angiogenesis, in ovarian graft reception and to investigate whether Akt1 deficiency can alter ovarian graft reception. (huji.ac.il)
  • The immune system is comprised of highly specialized q The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and cells, tissues, and organs that give the human body the do not necessarily represent the views of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (cdc.gov)
  • If rootstocks are used, research has shown greater scion survival with higher graft positions. (ashs.org)
  • When grafting fruit trees, the scion - the part of the tree that bears the fruit - is attached to a rootstock of a different variety. (irmahorse.com)
  • Five-year patient and graft survivals results were similar (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • RESULTS: The preoperative characteristics of the groups were similar, but the two-graft group had more type A dissections (32% vs. 19%) and emergent operations (26% vs. 15%) and was younger (45 vs. 50 years). (lvhn.org)
  • Is my rate of heart failure readmissions artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, pneumonia and acute stroke). (who.int)
  • From 1988 to 1996, the one-year survival rate for grafts from living donors increased from 88.8 to 93.9 percent, and the rate for cadaveric grafts increased from 75.7 to 87.7 percent. (nih.gov)
  • Large-area stereotypy full-thickness skin graft in wound repair had the advantage of improved skin survival rate, good appearance and function of the limb. (omicsonline.org)
  • Since nutrition is the main factor maintaining the balance of lipogenesis and lipolysis, we hypothesized that fasting before undergoing autologous fat grafting may increase lipolysis and reduce adipocyte size, thereby improving the fat graft survival rate. (springermedicine.com)
  • Autologous fat transfer is a popular option for soft tissue augmentation but has a low survival rate. (magnusconferences.com)
  • So, enriching the transplanted fat with stem cells (cell assisted lipotransfer) or oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) before and after graft injection, were thought to increase the survival rate of the transplanted fat. (magnusconferences.com)
  • Much of the curative potential of allografts is attributed to the graft-versus-tumor (GvT) response that aims to destroy residual tumor cells that persist after induction therapy and ASCT [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mean postoperative corneal power was 43.8 ± 4.5D. Mean corneal astigmatism was 5.9 ± 2.7D. 94.6% of grafts remained clear. (oamjms.eu)