DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
MidazolamPreanesthetic MedicationPremedicationHypnotics and SedativesAnti-Anxiety AgentsConscious SedationAdjuvants, AnesthesiaDiazepamAnesthetics, IntravenousMeperidinePropofolAnesthesia, DentalAcepromazineClonidineFentanylKetaminePromethazineAnesthesia Recovery PeriodDouble-Blind MethodAnesthesia, IntravenousDrug HypersensitivityBenzodiazepinesAdministration, BuccalLorazepamAnesthesia, GeneralButorphanolAmbulatory Surgical ProceduresGABA ModulatorsAnesthetics, DissociativeFlumazenilThiopentalAnesthesia, InhalationAnxiety, SeparationMethyl EthersCytochrome P-450 CYP3AAdministration, RectalMedetomidineAnesthetics, InhalationInfusions, IntravenousAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsAnesthetics, CombinedDiphenhydramineCandyDental AnxietyDrug InteractionsAdministration, OralDexmedetomidineNitrous OxideAnesthesiaAnestheticsAnesthesia, LocalButylscopolammonium BromideIntubation, IntratrachealAnalgesicsInjections, IntramuscularNeuroleptanalgesiaHistamine H1 AntagonistsPaclitaxelBelladonna AlkaloidsInjections, IntravenousAntineoplastic Agents, PhytogenicDose-Response Relationship, DrugAnalgesics, OpioidAtropineClemastineBenperidolHydroxyzineHeart RateOphthalmologic Surgical ProceduresAnxietyGastroscopyAdministration, SublingualOxazepamXylazineAnesthesia, SpinalRespirationTranquilizing AgentsIodine CompoundsOpiumSympatholyticsElectroencephalographyProspective Studies
AnxiolyticDexmedetomidinePropofolAnalgesicSedationRopivacaineIncidencePatientsSevofluraneClinicalEffectsResultsPreoperativeIntranasalOpioidsOrallyBenzodiazepineGeneral anesthesiaIntravenousAnestheticHemodynamicOralOutpatientAnxietyObjectiveMedicationPlaceboReducesDiscomfortFrequencyAdministrationPrimaryDrugsRecoveryProvideStudies
Anxiolytic4
  • With wide safety margins and few contraindications, the benzodiazepines most commonly used by dentists are diazepam, as a mild sedation-inducing anxiolytic, midazolam, to induce sleep and amnesia, and alprazolam, lorazepam, and triazolam, each with their appropriate properties and preferred dosages. (bvsalud.org)
  • Their reduced intrinsic efficacy relative to full agonists such as diazepam resulted in an improved preclinical pharmacological profile in that there was a large window between anxiolytic and sedative doses and their dependence and abuse liabilities were much lower. (hhs.gov)
  • 2008 ) which causes reduction of heart rate and blood pressure beside its anxiolytic, analgesic, amnestic, and sedative properties without respiratory depression (Gupta et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The benzodiazepines (pronounced [ˌbɛnzoː.daɪˈæzəˌpiːn] , often abbreviated to "benzos" ) are a class of psychoactive drugs with varying hypnotic , sedative , anxiolytic , anticonvulsant , muscle relaxant and amnesic properties, which are mediated by slowing down the central nervous system . (wikidoc.org)
Dexmedetomidine3
Propofol3
  • In these fragile patients, anesthetic drugs such as propofol and midazolam can facilitate cardio-respiratory complications even within standard doses, affecting respiratory drive and airway shape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the reasons propofol is thought to be more effective (although it has a longer half-life than lorazepam) is because studies have found that benzodiazepines like midazolam and lorazepam tend to accumulate in critically ill patients, prolonging sedation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusion: The qCON was able to reliably detect LOC during general anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. (researchgate.net)
Analgesic5
  • Sedative and analgesic drugs are frequently used in critically ill patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We evaluated processed electroencephalography (response and state entropy and bispectral index) as an adjunct to monitoring effects of commonly used sedative and analgesic drugs and intratracheal suctioning. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Use of and indications for sedative and analgesic drugs and intratracheal suctioning were recorded manually and using a camera. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unpleasant or painful stimuli and sedative and analgesic drugs are associated with significant changes in processed electroencephalographical parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, patients' requirements for sedative and analgesic drugs vary substantially during the disease process and during therapeutic and supportive interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
Sedation3
  • Finally, venous access may be troublesome, scaring and painful for these children, who often require repeated hospital admissions and procedures, so that a sedation sequence based on an intranasal premedication, facilitating cannulation without putting the patient at risk, may offer further advantages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Five minutes after premedication, subarachnoid block (SAB) was given with 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine following which sensory and motor blockade, hemodynamic changes, sedation, and complications of the surgery were recorded and this data was analyzed statistically using χ 2 test, corrected χ 2 test, Fisher´s exact test, and test of proportion (Z-test). (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • It is also used as a premedication for inducing sedation, anxiolysis, or amnesia before certain medical procedures (e.g., endoscopy). (worldsbest.rehab)
Ropivacaine2
  • Conclusion: To conclude, 0.5% ropivacaine was less effective than 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine. (oaji.net)
  • A spinal dose of ropivacaine 12 mg with single intravenous 0.15 mg/kg bolus dose of S-ketamine may significantly reduce the risk of hypotension and provide sedative status before delivery, thus the method could be cautiously used in parturients with high risks of hypotension or extreme nervousness. (researchsquare.com)
Incidence1
  • Conclusions: The authors observed the incidence of grade 3 MV to be 1.4%, similar to studies with the same definition of difficult MV. Presence of a beard is the only easily modifiable independent risk factor for difficult MV. The mandibular protrusion test may be an essential element of the airway examination. (crashingpatient.com)
Patients3
  • Effect of oral low dose clonidine premedication on postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. (druglib.com)
  • The sample size was not sufficient to make a conclusion regarding ASA IV/V patients. (endoscopy-campus.com)
  • One hundred twenty-one patients having primary elective cardiopulmonary bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized trial and anesthetized using a standardized sufentanil-midazolam regimen. (silverchair.com)
Sevoflurane1
  • Prophylactic midazolam and clonidine for emergence from agitation in children after emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia: a meta-analysis. (druglib.com)
Clinical1
Effects1
  • The ideal sedative drug should have a prompt onset of action, be easy to administer, with a short elimination half time, offering efficacious pain relief without side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Results1
Preoperative9
  • Oral DEX 4 μg/kg premedication was an efficient intervention to increase preoperative sedation and reduce stress reaction induced by general anesthesia tracheal intubation, but also it was with the stable hemodynamic during the process of general anesthesia tracheal intubation, and improved the satisfaction of patients' family members. (medscape.com)
  • To manage preoperative anxiety with premedication might demonstrate some effects against peri-operative anxiety, pain and other discomfort for surgeon and anesthesiologist to improve quality of anesthesia and surgical recovery. (medscape.com)
  • This study demonstrates that in the outpatient population, oral premedication with Passiflora incarnata reduces preoperative anxiety. (lww.com)
  • Objective: To compare the drugs: Midazolam and diazepam as preoperative medication. (ijpsr.com)
  • The comparison between the use of midazolam and diazepam as preoperative medication has been studied over different countries: USA, India, Iran and many other countries, midazolam found to provide pre operative sedative effect superior to that of diazepam. (ijpsr.com)
  • This evaluation provides the frequency of the use of diazepam or midazolam as preoperative medication in the elective surgeries. (ijpsr.com)
  • Patients receiving midazolam or diazepam as preoperative medication were taken and this study was carried out from the month of April to September, 2013. (ijpsr.com)
  • Perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) are the most common complication during pediatric anesthesia, and they may be affected by the administration of preoperative sedatives. (nih.gov)
  • Listening to music during midazolam pre-medication is associated with an increase in sedation level in the preoperative period as reflected by a lower BIS value. (surgicalserenitysolutions.com)
Intranasal8
  • 2016). 'Lidocaine Pretreatment Reduces the Discomfort of Intranasal Midazolam Administration: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (intranasal.net)
  • Implementation of Intranasal Midazolam for Prolonged Seizures in a Child Neurology Practice. (intranasal.net)
  • Currently, evidence supports the use of intranasal midazolam as an effective, and in many cases, preferable treatment option for prolonged seizures in children. (intranasal.net)
  • Despite this knowledge, intranasal midazolam is not routinely found as a standard of care. (intranasal.net)
  • The goal of this project was to implement the use of intranasal midazolam as a rescue medication for prolonged seizures within a child neurology practice and, in doing so, create a model for implementation that would be replicable for other practice sites. (intranasal.net)
  • This project focused on the development of a process to make intranasal midazolam available as a treatment option and then the creation of an educational intervention for providers within a child neurology practice. (intranasal.net)
  • Provider surveys analyzed provider attitudes toward intranasal midazolam and its frequency of use. (intranasal.net)
  • Because of this project, a dramatic increase in the prescribing of intranasal midazolam was observed within a child neurology practice. (intranasal.net)
Opioids3
  • Opioids are the most usually used premedication, [ 5 ] however which have to do with respiratory depression, nausea, and urinary retention. (medscape.com)
  • Drugs of different classes like sedative- antianxiety drugs, opioids, anticholinergics, neuroleptics, H 2 blocker and antiemetics have been used for premedication. (ijpsr.com)
  • Obese patients are particularly sensitive to the sedative and respiratory depressive effects of long-acting opioids. (hkmj.org)
Orally2
  • Materials and methods: Patients received 0.08mg/kg body weight midazolam inject intramuscularly and diazepam 10 mg orally. (ijpsr.com)
  • Fifty patients were premedicated with diazepam (10 mg) orally one and half hour before surgery and 50 patients were premedicated with midazolam (0.08 mg/kg body weight) intramuscularly. (ijpsr.com)
Benzodiazepine2
  • Remimazolam is a new ultra short-acting benzodiazepine originally developed as an improved version of midazolam. (ekja.org)
  • It is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine that produces equivalent sedative effects but is rapidly hydrolyzed in the body to an inactive metabolite. (ekja.org)
General anesthesia2
Intravenous3
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two imidazoline-derived intravenous anesthetics, etomidate and midazolam, on vascular adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel activity. (silverchair.com)
  • Intravenous anesthetics are some of the most commonly used sedative induction agents because of their ease of delivery and swift onset as they rapidly diffuse from the blood to the brain without concerns regarding airborne contamination that may be associated with inhalation anesthetics [ 1 , 2 ]. (ekja.org)
  • However, in clinical practice, anesthesia is commonly induced by a single bolus injection of intravenous sedatives. (ekja.org)
Anesthetic3
  • In this study, the sparing-anesthetic effect of 4 μg/kg DEX oral premedication was not significant, and this would be needed to study in future. (medscape.com)
  • And we selected 13 patients total that needed physical restraint or ketamine IM prior to induction at the first GA, and were prescribed midazolam tablet (7.5-15 mg) at the following GA. We reviewed pre-anesthetic records and anesthesia records, and evaluated cooperative levels of patients (4 levels scale) during anesthesia induction and recovery time retrospectively. (koreascience.kr)
  • But after the midazolam intake, 7 patients were willing to receive the anesthetic induction (level 1, 2), and 6 patient needed physical restraint (P (koreascience.kr)
Hemodynamic1
Oral7
  • A total of 100 ASA I and II adult patients undergoing elective neurosurgery were randomly divided into the control group (C group, n = 50) and the oral DEX premedication (DEX group, n = 50). (medscape.com)
  • Oral DEX premedication might reduce HR from premedication to 10 min after tracheal intubation. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, 60 patients were randomized into two groups to receive either oral Passiflora incarnata (500 mg, Passipy™ IranDarouk) ( n = 30) or placebo ( n = 30) as premedication, 90 min before surgery. (lww.com)
  • however, the oral formulation of midazolam is not approved in certain countries. (lww.com)
  • Conclusions: Oral intake of midazolam was effective in improvement of cooperation without any complications. (koreascience.kr)
  • ORAL and nasal mucosa have emerged as sites for the administration of potent analgesics (fentanyl, sufentanil, buprenorphine) and sedative-hypnotics (midazolam, triazolam). (asahq.org)
  • After premedication with oral midazolam (0.1 mg/kg, usually 7.5 mg tablet), the epidural catheter is inserted with a low resistance syringe. (biomedcentral.com)
Outpatient2
  • This article is packed full of data that essentially mirrors what is stated in this web site: When comparing IN midazolam to rectal diazepam for outpatient treatment of status epilepticus the IN route is more effective, costs much less, results in better outcomes (shorter seizure time, less admission to hospital), has less of a social stigma and is markedly preferred by families of the epileptic patient. (intranasal.net)
  • Based on this information the authors attempted to change practice in their medical community and transition their neurologic practice over to prescribing IN midazolam as the preferred outpatient rescue medication and make it avialable from local pharmacies. (intranasal.net)
Anxiety3
  • Midazolam demonstrated the better sedative, amnesic and anti anxiety effects than diazepam. (ijpsr.com)
  • A 2012 review of 32 studies of acupuncture for anxiety found that although there have been some positive outcomes, the generally poor methodological quality, combined with the wide range of outcome measures used, number and variety of points, frequency of sessions, and duration of treatment makes drawing firm conclusions difficult. (nih.gov)
  • However, there is a lack of studies with adequate statistical power in patients with clinically diagnosed anxiety disorders, which makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions about its efficacy for anxiety disorders. (nih.gov)
Objective1
  • The objective of our study was to assess whether topical lidocaine lessens the discomfort associated with IN midazolam administration. (intranasal.net)
Medication1
  • The delivery order of IV medication is as follows: Step 1: Midazolam 10-20 mg given as 2−4ml of 5 mg/ml preparation for pre-anesthesia, induces sleep in 1−2 minutes. (wikipedia.org)
Placebo1
  • Subjects who received IN lidocaine reported less discomfort with IN midazolam administration (median WBS 3, interquartile range [IQR] 0-6) than those who received placebo (median WBS 8, IQR 2-9) (P=0.006). (intranasal.net)
Reduces2
  • CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with topical lidocaine reduces the discomfort associated with administration of IN midazolam. (intranasal.net)
  • The bottom line - pre-treatment with 4% lidocaine markedly reduces discomfort (nasal burning) experienced by children who are treated with nasal midazolam. (intranasal.net)
Discomfort1
  • Subjects were subsequently given IN midazolam in a similar fashion, and then rated their discomfort using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS). (intranasal.net)
Frequency1
  • In addition, because the research is extremely variable (e.g., number and variety of acupuncture points, frequency of sessions, and duration of treatment), it is difficult to draw firm conclusions about potential benefits. (nih.gov)
Administration2
  • Immediately before taking to operation theatre i.e . 60 minutes after drug administration, 5 with diazepam and 13 with midazolam were highly sedated. (ijpsr.com)
  • Several articles this year ( Smith, Peerbhay) have discussed pretreatment with IN lidocaine prior to administration of IN midazolam. (intranasal.net)
Primary1
Drugs1
  • Our case confirms the effective role of hypnosis in relaxation and coping with painful procedures and highlights patient satisfaction without the use of sedative drugs in the context of NORA procedures. (amjcaserep.com)
Recovery1
Provide1
  • Conclusions: Chungnam Dental clinic for the disabled provide dental management for the disabled and the dentally disabled. (koreascience.kr)
Studies1
  • Of course, one or two small studies is not enough to draw any conclusion for any disease, but favorable studies with such a diversity of diseases is impressive. (modern-psychiatry.com)