• UK prevalences of domestic ETS exposure and maternal smoking in pregnancy remain high and ETS exposure lowers infants' birth weights. (nih.gov)
  • Adverse fetal, neonatal, and pediatric effects occur with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • Current evidence supports the conclusion that women who drink heavily during pregnancy may produce children with features of fetal alcohol syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 ] Low-to-moderate levels of maternal alcohol consumption have not been well studied in human pregnancy, but evidence has not suggested a threshold dose below which no effects on cognitive performance or behavior are seen. (medscape.com)
  • Maternal weight and height, food frequency intake during pregnancy and haemoglobin levels were recorded for 594, 234 and 246 of the mothers respectively. (who.int)
  • Alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure during pregnancy are hazardous behaviours which are increasing significantly in low and middle-income countries, including sub-Saharan Africa. (springer.com)
  • This is a part of a prospective cohort study among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria (Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study (IbPCS), which investigated the associations between maternal obesity, lifestyle characteristics and perinatal outcomes in Ibadan. (springer.com)
  • The prevalence of tobacco exposure in the index pregnancy was 64 (3.7%), i.e. one in every 27 pregnancies is exposed to tobacco. (springer.com)
  • 95% CI: 4.93, 34.03) of tobacco exposure during pregnancy in our study population. (springer.com)
  • The most burdensome of its complications is the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), a cluster of lifelong medical conditions of varying severity caused by feotal exposure to alcohol during pregnancy [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. (springer.com)
  • Furthermore, the transgenerational effect of prenatal alcohol exposure has been reported with each episode of drinking during pregnancy exposing three generations, i.e. mother, fetus and fetal germline, to its hazardous effects [ 13 ]. (springer.com)
  • Exposures were averaged for each trimester and across pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found over a two-fold increased odds of depression at 12 months postpartum associated with second trimester NO 2 exposure (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.41-4.89) and pregnancy average NO 2 (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.13-3.69). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increasing evidence suggests that pregnancy is a vulnerable window of exposure for later maternal health effects [ 14 ] including depression and other mental health disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, exposure during mid-pregnancy-a period characterized by rapid rises in cardiac output, maternal blood volume, heart rate and pulmonary circulation necessary to maintain sufficient blood supply to the developing fetus [ 17 ]-was shown to be associated with increased postpartum anhedonia symptoms at 6 or 12 months after childbirth particularly among Black women [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Research, published in JAMA Pediatrics , reports that maternal exposure to fluoride in pregnancy can lead to lower IQ scores in young children. (sciencemediacentre.org)
  • This study aimed to specifically assess the impact of maternal fluoride exposure during pregnancy and IQ scores in offspring. (sciencemediacentre.org)
  • However, we should expect that fluoride exposure during pregnancy will be strongly associated with fluoride exposure in children after birth. (sciencemediacentre.org)
  • study looks at the association between maternal exposure to fluoride during pregnancy and IQ at ages 3 and 4 in the children. (sciencemediacentre.org)
  • CONCLUSION: Moderate exposure to arsenic contaminated drinking water early in pregnancy was associated with increased odds of experiencing nausea/vomiting and abdominal cramping. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Preventing exposure to arsenic contaminated drinking water during pregnancy could improve maternal health. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Individual exposure during pregnancy was assessed by LUR models and Kriging interpolation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the study period, the average individual exposure concentration of PM 2.5 during the entire pregnancy was 84.54 μg/m 3 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the PTB subgroup, the hazard of PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy was stronger for very preterm births (VPTB) than moderate preterm births (MPTB). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, women who had less than 9 years of education or who conceived during the cold season tended to be more susceptible to the PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Study question Does maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure of infants to tobacco smoke at age 4 months increase the risk of caries in deciduous teeth? (bmj.com)
  • Smoking during pregnancy and exposure of infants to secondhand smoke at age 4 months was assessed by standardised parent reported questionnaires. (bmj.com)
  • The propensity score adjusted hazard ratio between maternal smoking during pregnancy and having no smoker in the family was 1.10 (0.97 to 1.25). (bmj.com)
  • What this study adds Exposure to tobacco smoke at 4 months of age was associated with an approximately twofold increased risk of caries, and the risk of caries was also increased among those exposed to household smoking, by 1.5-fold, whereas the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy was not statistically significant. (bmj.com)
  • Despite, or perhaps because of, heightened attention to the use of antidepressants during pregnancy over the past decade, the management of prenatal maternal depression has become increasingly controversial. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • The relative risk of fetal exposure to maternal depression versus that of antidepressant medication remains poorly defined because of our reliance on a patchwork conglomeration of case series, pregnancy registries, and observational studies with inconsistent levels of control for potentially confounding exposures. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the influence of dioxin exposure during pregnancy on social interaction and on the activity of offspring, which are related to neurodevelopmental disturbances. (bioone.org)
  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight, but evidence on critical exposure windows and timing of fetal growth restriction is limited. (plos.org)
  • Here we investigate the associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with longitudinal fetal growth by triangulating evidence from 3 analytical approaches to strengthen causal inference. (plos.org)
  • We analysed data from 8,621 European liveborn singletons in 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts (the Generation R Study, the Netherlands 2002-2006 [ n = 4,682]) and the Born in Bradford study, United Kingdom 2007-2010 [ n = 3,939]) with fetal ultrasound and birth anthropometric measures, parental smoking during pregnancy, and maternal genetic data. (plos.org)
  • A consistent linear dose-dependent association of maternal smoking with fetal growth was observed from the early second trimester onwards, while no major growth deficit was found in women who quit smoking early in pregnancy except for a shorter FL during late gestation. (plos.org)
  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight. (plos.org)
  • We analysed data from 8,621 white European liveborn singletons from 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts to assess the associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with the longitudinal growth of different fetal parameters (weight, head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference). (plos.org)
  • During this period, health care providers lack key information on human placental transfer, fetal exposure, optimal maternal dosing in pregnancy, and maternal and fetal drug toxicity, including teratogenicity risk. (springer.com)
  • For some chronic diseases, it is not possible to avoid drug exposure to the fetus during pregnancy, as exemplified in women living with HIV who must take antiretrovirals (ARVs) during pregnancy and lactation for their own health and to prevent transmission of HIV to their infants. (springer.com)
  • Even for ARVs commonly used during pregnancy and lactation, data on toxicity, pharmacokinetics (PK), and neonatal exposure during breastfeeding are collected sporadically, mainly through postmarketing surveillance and opportunistic studies of women who become pregnant while receiving ARVs. (springer.com)
  • The association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy and a child's neurodevelopment has not been established yet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We quantified urine cotinine concentrations in mothers once from 12th to 20th gestational weeks and excluded those whose urine cotinine levels exceeded 42.7 ng/ml to represent SHS exposure in early pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Maternal exposure to SHS during pregnancy may result in delayed MDI in early childhood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similar effects in cows could have effects on maternal recognition of pregnancy and immune function. (avma.org)
  • The study, which was observational, provides no answer on how maternal infection during pregnancy affects fetal brain development. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • To estimate the risk of psychopathologic conditions imparted from fetal exposure to any maternal infection while hospitalized during pregnancy. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The etiologies of orofacial clefts include xenobiotic and nutrient metabolism, maternal smoking, and alcohol and drug consumption during pregnancy [ 3-5 ]. (ejomr.org)
  • We calculated self-reported smoking prevalence during the 3 months before pregnancy for 6 maternal racial/ethnic groups by maternal age (18-24 y or ≥25 y). (cdc.gov)
  • Finally, targeting women before they become pregnant would reduce the number of women who enter pregnancy smoking, reducing fetal tobacco exposure from the mother. (cdc.gov)
  • PRAMS is an ongoing, population-based surveillance system of maternal behaviors and experiences before, during, and after pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • On multiple logistic regression analysis, factors that decreased the clinical pregnancy rates were cigarette smoking and maternal age. (who.int)
  • In the Antepartum Component of a large randomized multicountry clinical trial, Promoting Maternal Infant Survival Everywhere (PROMISE), we showed that maternal antiretroviral therapy (mART) during pregnancy and intrapartum can reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission to ~0.5% in Sub-Saharan African settings. (medscape.com)
  • As these kinds of health effects data become available and methods to assess levels of significant human exposure improve, these MRLs will be revised. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods: We estimated maternal height-standardized prevalence of stunting (SPS) in 67 LMIC and parental height-SPS in 20 LMICs and compared with crude prevalence of stunting (CPS) using data on 575,767 children under-five from 67 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). (lu.se)
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maternal diabetes was induced in female rats by a single IV injection of streptozotocin before mating. (scielo.br)
  • However, exposure assessment methods relying on monitors have the potential to cause exposure misclassification due to a lack of spatial variation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objective: To examine the association between maternal exposure to arsenic through drinking water and congenital heart disease among offspring.Methods: This nationwide cohort study included all liveborn children in Denmark, 1997-2014. (geus.dk)
  • International studies indicate that it is possible to improve maternal health outcomes through action on the Social Determinants of Health (SDH). (frontiersin.org)
  • Better access to coverage makes possible the continuum of care many women's health professional societies and community advocacy organizations recommend to increase women's use of preventive care, reduce avoidable adverse obstetric and gynecological health outcomes, increase early diagnosis of disease, and reduce maternal mortality. (amchp.org)
  • It is well known that SHS exposure brings about almost the same adverse health outcomes as active smoking [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that even when individual subject variance is controlled there was no consistent pattern of associations between child development outcomes and prenatal exposures to MeHg from maternal consumption of a diet high in fish. (aahd.us)
  • Maternal exposure to such air pollution results in adverse fetal outcomes that include low birth weight, preterm birth, heart defects, congenital anomalies, infant mortality, and orofacial cleft anomalies [ 8-11 ]. (ejomr.org)
  • The present study examines associations between maternal occupational exposures and ultrasound-measured fetal growth. (cdc.gov)
  • Associations between maternal occupational PAH exposure and selected rare defects of the face ( cataracts , microphthalmia , glaucoma , microtia , and choanal atresia ) and central nervous system ( holoprosencephaly , hydrocephaly , cerebellar hypoplasia, and Dandy-Walker malformation ) were evaluated using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population -based case-control study in the United States . (bvsalud.org)
  • This is the first population -based case-control study to evaluate associations between maternal occupational PAH exposures and these rare birth defects of the central nervous system and face . (bvsalud.org)
  • This study in Egypt investigated the influence of selected maternal factors on neonatal birth size. (who.int)
  • A significant positive correlation between maternal anthropometric variables with neonatal birth dimensions was observed and the effect was more evident in girls than boys for BMI and head circumference. (who.int)
  • The introduction of donor human milk (DHM) to neonatal units has been advocated as a strategy to promote maternal breastfeeding. (researchgate.net)
  • In conclusion, the available data demonstrate some evidence of positive and negative effects on measures of maternal breastfeeding when DHM is introduced to a neonatal unit. (researchgate.net)
  • To address this, prenatal exposure to SSRIs and maternal mood were examined in relation to neonatal and infant levels of cortisol and its binding protein, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Neonatal serum cortisol levels did not vary with SSRI exposure or antenatal maternal mood, but were significantly higher following vaginal delivery (p ≤ 0.003). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In SSRI-exposed infants, increased levels of neonatal CBG predicted a smaller diurnal change in infant salivary cortisol (p ≤ 0.028), regardless of maternal depression. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate maternal and neonatal risk factors for type 1 diabetes in children under 15 years old in Grampian, Scotland. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exposure data were obtained from the Aberdeen Maternity Neonatal Databank. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between various maternal and neonatal factors and the risk of type 1 diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No evidence was found of a significant association between other maternal and neonatal factors and childhood type 1 diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many investigators have focussed on the relationship between maternal and neonatal factors and the subsequent risk of type 1 diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the evidence on the role of many maternal and neonatal factors in the development of childhood type 1 diabetes is inconclusive and only one study has presented data on the Scottish population [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a drug withdrawal syndrome that most commonly occurs in infants after in utero exposure to opioids, although other substances have also been associated with the syndrome ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • 2.5 Kg) [OR 1.23 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.58) and premature birth [OR 1.21 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.51)], whilst the impacts of maternal smoking were greater and statistically significant. (nih.gov)
  • Statistically significant negative correlations were found between maternal haemoglobin levels and birth size. (who.int)
  • Specific examination of periconceptual chemical exposures showed small but statistically significant increased risks for leukaemia and ALL among children whose fathers were exposed to exhaust fumes, driving, and/or inhaled particulate hydrocarbons. (bmj.com)
  • Exposure to maternal drug misuse in utero is associated with a statistically significantly higher prevalence of strabismus and nystagmus. (entokey.com)
  • The fetus appears to depend on maternal hepatic detoxification because the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the fetal liver is less than 10% of that observed in the adult liver. (medscape.com)
  • Animal data show that decreased activity of placental 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), which potently inactivates glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol) to inert forms (cortisone), allows increased access of maternal glucocorticoids to the fetus and 'programs' hypertension. (umass.edu)
  • The impact of maternal depression on the fetus. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • Clinical decision making must consider the well-being of the mother, fetus, and even older children who can be adversely impacted by active maternal psychopathology. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • Public concern about mobile telephony has centred largely on the question of cancer risk, but this new initiative - called the BabySafe Project - focuses on potential exposure of the fetus in the womb and suggests this could result in neurological and behavioural problems. (newscientist.com)
  • Prenatal SSRI exposure affects the developing HPA system by altering serum CBG levels in neonates and infant salivary cortisol levels. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • for each increase in standard deviation of the covariate Ln(maternal cortisol), the outcome Ln(cortisol in infant) increased by 0.49 units of variance in both SEMs. (aaem.pl)
  • No randomized trial has directly compared the efficacy of prolonged infant antiretroviral prophylaxis versus maternal antiretroviral therapy (mART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission throughout the breastfeeding period. (medscape.com)
  • Exposure to secondhand smoke increases risk for infant illness and death. (cdc.gov)
  • We also assessed the independent associations between complete rules and selected maternal and infant characteristics. (cdc.gov)
  • 2.5 Kg (LBW) in infants born to women exposed to: i) no tobacco smoke, ii) ETS only and iii) maternal smoking whilst pregnant. (nih.gov)
  • 13% of UK infants were exposed to ETS and 36% to maternal smoking ante natally. (nih.gov)
  • Compared to no ante natal tobacco smoke exposure, domestic ETS lowered infants' adjusted mean birth weights by 36 g (95% CI, 5 g to 67 g) and this effect showed a dose-response relationship. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of the study was to illustrate the use of SEM in the assessment of salivary cortisol concentration in infants as a biomarker of perinatal exposure to inorganic arsenic. (aaem.pl)
  • Four linear regression models (LRMs) and two SEMs were run to estimate the effect of prenatal exposure to inorganic arsenic on cortisol concentration in infants. (aaem.pl)
  • LRMs and SEMs were useful to assess the effect of prenatal exposure to inorganic arsenic on cortisol in infants. (aaem.pl)
  • Valdés M. Prenatal exposure to low-level inorganic arsenic concentrations associated with salivary cortisol in infants from Arica, Chile. (aaem.pl)
  • Therefore, more attention should be paid to pregnant women and infants who are susceptible to SHS exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 1 ] However, breastfeeding-associated HIV-1 exposure and potential transmission continues in breastfed HIV-exposed infants living in resource-limited settings. (medscape.com)
  • Sustained and targeted efforts among groups of women who are least likely to have complete smoke-free-home rules are needed to protect infants from exposure to secondhand smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite declines in the prevalence of adult smoking (3) and smoking after delivery among US women with infants (4), exposure to secondhand smoke among infants and children is high. (cdc.gov)
  • Although 25 states and the District of Columbia have implemented laws that completely eliminate smoking in public places and workplaces, including restaurants and bars (6), these laws do not extend to the home, a primary source of secondhand smoke exposure for infants and children (2,7). (cdc.gov)
  • A secondary objective was to examine whether women who had partial or no home rules attended a maternal postpartum check-up, attended well-baby visits, or participated in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). (cdc.gov)
  • These data could be used to encourage adoption of complete rules among families who have infants at risk for secondhand smoke exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Relative impact of maternal depression and associated. (cambridge.org)
  • To test whether the exposure of a child to risk factors associated with mental health adds to the prediction of child psychopathology beyond exposure to maternal depression. (cambridge.org)
  • Maternal depression increased diagnoses of externalising and internalising disorders, but a substantial portion of these associations was explained by increased risk factor exposure (41% for externalising and 37% for internalising disorders). (cambridge.org)
  • At the same time, these risk exposures significantly increased the odds of both externalising and internalising diagnoses, over and above the influence of maternal depression. (cambridge.org)
  • Maternal depression is a significant public health concern because of its negative impact on both the mothers and their children. (cambridge.org)
  • Identifying modifiable risk factors for maternal depression, such as ambient air pollution, is an urgent public health priority. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We aimed to determine whether prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants was associated with maternal depression at 12 months after childbirth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The primary outcome measure was maternal depression at 12 months postpartum, as reported on the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Higher second trimester PM 2.5 exposure also was associated with increased depression at 12 months postpartum (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.01-2.42). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prenatal SSRI exposure significantly increased serum CBG levels in neonates after vaginal delivery (p ≤ 0.038), even when controlling for maternal depression. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Martinez EJ, Kolb BL, Bell A, Savage DD, Allan AM. Moderate perinatal arsenic exposure alters neuroendocrine markers associated with depression and increases depressive-like behaviors in adult mouse offspring. (aaem.pl)
  • and (3) the impact of untreated maternal prenatal depression on the well-being of offspring. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • [ 6 ] In a Canadian study involving 26 children (aged 6-14 y) and 32 control children, Keiver et al found significantly elevated cortisol levels in the afternoon and at bedtime in those with known high prenatal exposure to alcohol (alcohol exposure rank 4) relative to those with low/unknown levels of prenatal alcohol exposure (alcohol exposure rank 3) and the control group. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, higher educational attainment, higher socio-economic status, exposure to mass media, and self-reporting decision empowerment were significantly associated with having at least four ANC visits. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cataracts , microtia , microphthalmia , and holoprosencephaly were significantly associated with PAH exposure with evidence of dose -response (P-values for trend ≤.05). (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, second-hand smoke exposure significantly led more problems on mental dimension of pregnant women. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Extensive studies have demonstrated equivalent fetal and maternal alcohol concentrations, suggesting an unimpeded bidirectional movement of alcohol between the two compartments. (medscape.com)
  • The findings indicate that maternal exposure to arsenic in drinking water even at low concentrations (i.e., 0.5-0.9 μg/L) increased the risk of congenital heart disease in the offspring. (geus.dk)
  • Relative to other developing countries, the Ethiopian maternal mortality ratio of 412 per 100,000 live births is high ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • RESULTS: A total of 1,738 maternal deaths records were found, corresponding to a maternal mortality ratio of 57.6/100,000 live births. (usp.br)
  • Using mixed effects regression models to control for BP measurement conditions, maternal and child characteristics, we examined the association between the F/E ratio and child BP. (umass.edu)
  • Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios of exposure to secondhand smoke compared with having no smoker in the family after propensity score adjustment for clinical and lifestyle characteristics. (bmj.com)
  • We calculated the prevalence of complete smoke-free-home rules and partial or no rules by maternal smoking status, demographic characteristics, delivery year, and state of residence. (cdc.gov)
  • Maternal infection with certain infectious agents, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) or the herpes virus, are already known to be capable of harming fetal brain development and boosting the risk of certain psychiatric disorders. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To estimate maternal mortality ratio according to occupation in Brazil. (usp.br)
  • Manicurists and nursing technicians also presented high maternal mortality ratio. (usp.br)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Maternal mortality ratio differs by occupation, suggesting a work contribution, which requires further research focusing occupational risk factors. (usp.br)
  • The prevalence, pattern and predictors of alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, were investigated. (springer.com)
  • Senegal had the largest increase in the prevalence after standardizing maternal height, with a CPS of 28.8% (95% CI: 25.8 to 30.2) and SPS of 31.6% (95% CI: 29.5 to 33.8). (lu.se)
  • Study answer and limitations Prevalence of household smoking among the 76 920 children was 55.3% (n=42 525), and 6.8% (n=5268) had evidence of exposure to tobacco smoke. (bmj.com)
  • A general linear model was used to assess the relationship between maternal urinary cotinine level and neurodevelopment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data suggest that increased fetal exposure to active maternal glucocorticoids may program later systolic blood pressure. (umass.edu)
  • The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the toxicology of thallium and a depiction of significant exposure levels associated with various adverse health effects. (cdc.gov)
  • The points in the figures showing noobserved-adverse-effect levels (NOAELS) or lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs) reflect the actual doses (levels of exposure) used in the studies. (cdc.gov)
  • These distinctions are intended to help the users of the document identify the levels of exposure at which adverse health effects start to appear. (cdc.gov)
  • Public health officials and project managers concerned with appropriate actions to take at hazardous waste sites may want information on levels of exposure associated with more subtle effects in humans or animals (LOAEL) or exposure levels below which no adverse effects (NOAEL) have been observed. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Arsenic, a common groundwater pollutant, is associated with adverse reproductive health but few studies have examined its effect on maternal health. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The non-ionising radio frequency radiation through which devices such as mobile phones communicate is of low energy, and as yet no plausible biophysical mechanism has been established by which exposures below internationally recommended limits could cause adverse effects in humans. (newscientist.com)
  • No studies were located in humans or animals regarding the effects on the respiratory, hematological, musculoskeletal, hepatic, renal, and dermal/ocular systems after inhalation exposure to thallium. (cdc.gov)
  • Further research is warranted on the long-term functional implications of the effect of prenatal SSRI exposure on fetal hepatic CBG gene expression and the developing HPA system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Studies have shown that prenatal alcohol exposure affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as well as alters basal and poststress cortisol levels. (medscape.com)
  • According to LRMs and SEMs, prenatal exposure to inorganic arsenic and salivary cortisol were not associated. (aaem.pl)
  • The impact that misclassification of maternal vitamin supplement use may have had on the observed ORs in this study was quantified. (bmj.com)
  • Uncertainty analysis was used to calculate ORs adjusted for inaccurate reporting of vitamin supplement use under assumed probability distributions for exposure misclassification parameters. (bmj.com)
  • Given our assumptions, adjustment for exposure misclassification yielded ORs that were predominantly more protective for ALL than the crude OR. (bmj.com)
  • Uncertainty analysis can give important insights into the magnitude and direction of error in study results due to exposure misclassification. (bmj.com)
  • Sensitivity analyses that reduced possible sources of exposure misclassification tended to strengthen associations . (bvsalud.org)
  • This public health statement tells you about sulfur dioxide and the effects of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • In the air, sulfur dioxide can be important because exposure to this substance may converted to sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide, and harm you and because these sites may be sources of sulfates. (cdc.gov)
  • Short-term exposures to high levels of sulfur dioxide that are higher than typical outdoor air dioxide can be life-threatening. (cdc.gov)
  • Eight epidemiologic articles met the criteria of correlating either carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O 3 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), airborne particulate matter of less than 10 µm in diameter (PM 10 ), or sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) exposures with clefting of the palate alone, clefting of the lip alone, or clefting of the lip and palate. (ejomr.org)
  • Children of clinically depressed mothers are exposed to both maternal psychopathology and risks that are associated with maternal mental health. (cambridge.org)
  • Therefore, SHS exposure should be considered a modifiable risk factor for delayed neurodevelopment and cognitive impairment in children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to determine the percentages, patterns, and health risks of water-pipe smoking and its relationship to cigarette smoking among all youth. (who.int)
  • Harmful exposure to these environmental risks could begin in the mother's womb and affect fetal development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Risks may be associated with individual behaviour, dietary practices, use of tobacco and its products, exposure to violence, or influences within the environment. (who.int)
  • The quantity and pattern of maternal drinking and, therefore, the dose and duration of exposure to alcohol are the critical factors in conferring risk. (medscape.com)
  • Estimates of exposure levels posing minimal risk to humans (MRLs) have been made, where data were believed reliable, for the most sensitive noncancer effect for each exposure duration. (cdc.gov)
  • Children of clinically depressed mothers were exposed to more risk factors associated with maternal mental health. (cambridge.org)
  • To study the risk of childhood cancer in relation to parental occupation and related exposures. (bmj.com)
  • Findings did not support the hypothesis that occupational exposure of fathers to ionising radiation increases the risk of childhood cancer in their offspring. (bmj.com)
  • Both maternal and paternal exposure to textile dust was related to an increased risk of other cancers. (bmj.com)
  • Results failed to produce any strong evidence to link parental occupational exposures with an increased risk of childhood cancer. (bmj.com)
  • The consistency of the associations observed between childhood leukaemia and paternal occupational exposure to exhaust fumes, driving, and/or inhaled particulate hydrocarbons at periconception suggest a small risk for vehicle related exhaust. (bmj.com)
  • These results underscore the need to better understand the contribution of modifiable environmental risk factors during potentially critical exposure periods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies in childhood cancer suggest that maternal vitamin supplementation may reduce the risk of leukaemia, neuroblastoma and certain types of childhood brain tumours. (bmj.com)
  • Association of low-level arsenic exposure in drinking water with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and risk assessment. (aaem.pl)
  • Low-level arsenic exposure and developmental neurotoxicity in children: A systematic review and risk assessment. (aaem.pl)
  • Farzan SF, Chen Y, Rees JR, Zens MS, Karagas MR. Risk of death from cardiovascular disease associated with low-level arsenic exposure among long-term smokers in a US population-based study. (aaem.pl)
  • Title : Maternal Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Risk of Neural Tube Defect-Affected Pregnancies Personal Author(s) : Langlois, Peter H.;Hoyt, Adrienne T.;Lupo, Philip J.;Lawson, Christina C.;Waters, Martha A.;Desrosiers, Tania A.;Shaw, Gary M.;Romitti, Paul A.;Lammer, Edward J. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we utilized a land use regression (LUR) model to assess individual exposure, and explored the association between PM 2.5 exposure during each time window and the risk of preterm birth in Wuhan city, China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between women exposure to PM 2.5 and the risk of different subtypes of PTB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Maternal exposure to PM 2.5 increased the risk of PTB, and this risk was stronger for VPTB than for MPTB, especially during the first trimester. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The risk of caries at age 3 years was 14.0% (no smoker in family), 20.0% (smoking in household but without evidence of exposure to tobacco smoke), and 27.6% (exposure to tobacco smoke). (bmj.com)
  • Medicaid expansion is an important means for making progress on several Title V Maternal and Child Health Block Grant performance measures, particularly improving access to adequate insurance, well-woman visits, and risk-appropriate perinatal care. (amchp.org)
  • Maternal Obesity, Diabetes Associated with Higher Risk for Autism " and " Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes May Raise Risk of Autism ," no doubt alarming any pregnant person with a GDM diagnosis who ran across them. (lamaze.org)
  • OBJECTIVES: Human leukocyte antigen-DP beta 1 (HLA-DPB1) with a glutamic acid at the 69th position of the chain (E69) genotype and inhalational beryllium exposure individually contribute to risk of chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and beryllium sensitisation (BeS) in exposed individuals. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Risk of CBD increases with E69 allele frequency and increasing exposure, although no gene by environment interaction was found. (cdc.gov)
  • A decreased risk of BeS with increasing exposure and lack of exposure response in CBD cases may be due to the limitations of reconstructed exposure estimates. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2007, the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution on oral health.4 The document listed priority actions for tackling the social determinants of oral health and reducing exposure to common risk factors of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). (who.int)
  • To determine whether HIV exposure without infection is an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity in children admitted to PICU with pneumonia. (who.int)
  • 9,14,15] However, the effect of HIV exposure of age annual y.[1-4] However, the mortality rate from pneumonia on pneumonia morbidity and mortality risk is less well known. (who.int)
  • We conducted a large, cohort study to assess the impact of ETS exposure on birth weight whilst adjusting for the many factors known to influence this. (nih.gov)
  • Conclusions: Our study suggests that CPS is sensitive to adjustment for maternal height. (lu.se)
  • This study shows that repeated maternal DM treatment at doses threefold lower than what women in preterm labor receive results in decreased fetal BW, prolonged gestation length, decreased newborn brain weight, and BPD. (oregonstate.edu)
  • This study aimed to assess and compare health-related quality of life for pregnant women with exposure to first-hand smoke, second-hand smoke, third-hand smoke and non-exposure to tobacco in mainland China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Totally, 15,682 pregnant women were included in this study, among which non-exposure to smoke were 7564 (48.2%), exposed to first-hand smoke, second-hand smoke and third-hand smoke were 89 (0.6%), 2349 (15.0%), and 5680 (36.2%) respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Study limitations include measurement error due to maternal self-report of smoking and the modest sample size for MR analyses resulting in unconfounded estimates being less precise. (plos.org)
  • We explored the association between prenatal exposure to SHS and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age considering genetic polymorphism and breastfeeding in 720 mothers and their offspring enrolled in the Korean multicenter birth cohort study (Mothers and Children Environmental Health, MOCEH). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This retrospective nested case-control study assessed the contribution of genetics and exposure in the development of BeS and CBD. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: Although this study did not find a deleterious effect of nargile smoking on ICSI outcome, the results need to be confirmed in prospective studies that would include larger number of women with more objective measures of nargile smoke exposure. (who.int)
  • No studies were located regarding lethality in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to thallium. (cdc.gov)
  • Job titles were linked to a job -exposure matrix to estimate exposure to 10 endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) groups. (cdc.gov)
  • Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate associations between each evaluated defect and PAH exposure using multivariable logistic regression . (bvsalud.org)
  • Upon examining individual symptoms, only nausea/vomiting and abdominal cramping showed consistent associations with arsenic exposure. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Prenatal exposure to arsenic is suspected to impair fetal health, including congenital malformations. (geus.dk)
  • Few studies investigated an association between maternal exposure to arsenic and congenital heart disease. (geus.dk)
  • To examine the association between maternal exposure to arsenic through drinking water and congenital heart disease among offspring. (geus.dk)
  • The OR was also higher for severe congenital heart disease but at the same level among all exposure levels ≥0.5 μg/L. The OR of congenital valvular heart defects was only higher among children with maternal exposure to arsenic in drinking water ≥5.0 μg/L. The associations were similar for boys and girls. (geus.dk)
  • Maternal and newborn deaths can be prevented by high utilization and access to key essential services for mothers including antenatal care (ANC), skilled attendance at birth, and postnatal care ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Several modifiable behaviors or exposures can be associated with asthma and wheezing in childhood. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure of 1745 pregnant women were assessed during enrollment by self-reports using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. (springer.com)
  • Meanwhile, some pregnant women may be sufficiently concerned that they wish to reduce their exposure as a precaution. (newscientist.com)
  • With the increase of the number of smokers, tobacco exposure among pregnant women is becoming more and more common. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Third-hand smoke exposure had close relationship with low health-related quality of life in pregnant women. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the negative impacts of tobacco exposure and health conditions of pregnant women from multiple dimensions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusion: although there is still high HIV-related stigma in general public, there is increased awareness among pregnant women. (bvsalud.org)
  • We administered nicotine to pregnant Rhesus monkeys from gestational day 30 through 160 by continuous infusion, achieving maternal plasma levels comparable to those in smokers (30 ng/ml). (nature.com)
  • Association between maternal occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and rare birth defects of the face and central nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
  • States that do not expand Medicaid are missing a powerful opportunity to address stark racial disparities in maternal health. (amchp.org)
  • Jobs held in the periconceptional period were retrospectively assigned for occupational PAH exposures. (bvsalud.org)
  • We divided the records into two post hoc groups of the 20 lowest exposure (Group L) versus the 20 highest exposure (Group H), and compared them for uterine activity and fetal heart rate. (uzh.ch)
  • CBD was not associated with exposure as compared to controls, yet the per cent of individuals with CBD versus BeS increased with increasing exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors find an association between maternal intake of fluoride and reduced IQ in boys, but not girls. (sciencemediacentre.org)
  • We hypothesized that there was an association between volatile anesthetic exposure and uterine activity. (uzh.ch)
  • Survival analysis was used to determine the association between HIV infection/exposure with mortality, and linear regression was used to examine the association with length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation. (who.int)
  • Overal , 84% (n=90) survived to PICU discharge, with no difference in survival based on HIV infection or exposure. (who.int)
  • Exposure to active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) causes health concern. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among children and adolescents living with someone who smoked inside the home, almost all (98.3%) had detectable cotinine levels in their blood, indicating exposure to secondhand smoke (5). (cdc.gov)
  • A complete smoking ban in the home decreases secondhand smoke exposure among children (2,7,8). (cdc.gov)
  • The global maternal mortality is at 830 deaths daily, 99% of these are in developing countries ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Maternal mortality reviews show that the majority of these deaths are preventable and offer ways to change course. (amchp.org)
  • Given the complexity of personal exposures, the percentage of COVID-19 deaths attributed to duty may represent an over or under estimation of the actual value. (cdc.gov)
  • However, they have received little attention in Nigeria's maternal health research and services. (springer.com)
  • Alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure are not uncommon and have been an ongoing but neglected threat to maternal and child health in Nigeria. (springer.com)
  • Improving maternal health in Ethiopia is a major public health challenge. (frontiersin.org)
  • The importance of the various SDHs needs to be recognized by Ministry of Health policy and program managers as a key driving force behind the country's challenges with reaching targets in the health agenda related to maternal health, particularly related to the recommended number of ANC visits. (frontiersin.org)
  • Socioeconomic factors are closely related to occupation, and their combination with work exposures and the poor access to health services need to be also addressed. (usp.br)
  • These findings and others are highlighted in a new paper , Medicaid Expansion Fills Gaps in Maternal Health Coverage Leading to Healthier Mothers and Babies , issued by the Center for Children and Families at Georgetown University's McCourt School of Public Policy. (amchp.org)
  • In the paper, we reviewed the growing body of evidence emphasizing that increasing coverage through Medicaid expansion can bridge gaps in women's health care and provide a crucial strategy for addressing this country's abysmal record on maternal mortality. (amchp.org)
  • AMCHP members will find the issues raised in this paper central to their ongoing efforts to improve maternal and child health. (amchp.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking may be normalized as an enjoyable activity in this online environment, posing a challenge for public health. (who.int)
  • HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, school health as well as in the education and training programmes of oral health professionals. (who.int)
  • Meta-analyses of studies investigating the impact of maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on birth weight have not produced robust findings. (nih.gov)
  • It contains descriptions and evaluations of studies and presents levels of significant exposure for thallium based on toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, some studies suggest that dermal absorption may contribute some small fraction to the overall human exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • To address this question, we conducted a systematic literature review of studies that assessed maternal breastfeeding rates before and after the introduction of DHM. (researchgate.net)
  • Two recent studies showed that gestational exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [PM 2.5 ] was associated with increased postpartum depressive symptoms [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, no previous studies have evaluated maternal occupational PAH exposure itself. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most of the studies regarding air pollution and preterm birth (PTB) in highly polluted areas have estimated the exposure level based on fixed-site monitoring. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although effects of prenatal exposure to SHS on early neurodevelopment vary among studies, they remain significant issues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Today on the blog, author Henci Goer puts several recent studies under the microscope to see if the researchers' conclusions hold water. (lamaze.org)
  • Pooled analysis of the population studies found that maternal diabetes increased the likelihood of having a child with autism by nearly 50% (odds ratio: 1.48). (lamaze.org)
  • Maternal occupational exposures and fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort. (cdc.gov)
  • To clarify the relationships between maternal dioxin exposure and socioemotional functions of rat offspring, dams were given TCDD (1.0 µg/kg) on gestational day 15. (bioone.org)
  • In conclusion, we found limited evidence that maternal occupational exposures impact fetal growth. (cdc.gov)
  • No relation was found for paternal periconceptual exposure to ionising radiation. (bmj.com)
  • RESULTS: No significant associations were found between prenatal MeHg exposure and any of the repeatedly measured endpoints. (aahd.us)
  • No evidence of a gene-by-exposure interaction was found for CBD or BeS. (cdc.gov)
  • The cause of caries involves various physical, biological, environmental, and lifestyle factors-for example, cariogenic bacteria, inadequate salivary flow, insufficient exposure to fluoride, and poor oral hygiene, 5 and the crucial event in the clinical course is the initial acquisition of Streptococcus mutans . (bmj.com)
  • Identify why taking an environmental exposure history is a critical consideration during a clinical intake during a disaster or disaster recovery situation. (cdc.gov)
  • We compared results from (1) confounder-adjusted multivariable analyses, (2) a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using maternal rs1051730 genotype as an instrument for smoking quantity and ease of quitting, and (3) a negative control analysis comparing maternal and mother's partner's smoking associations. (plos.org)
  • Lifetime-average beryllium exposure estimates were based on workers' job questionnaires and historical and industrial hygienist exposure estimates, blinded to genotype and case status. (cdc.gov)
  • A questionnaire on personal, medical, socioeconomic status, smoking habits and exposure to smoking was completed. (who.int)
  • Levels of significant exposure for each route and duration are presented in tables and illustrated in figures. (cdc.gov)