• R. planticola was chosen to receive this gene as it already had metabolic pathways to breakdown pentose sugars such as xylose, which is a main component of agricultural and forest residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • the other capsular Haemophilus serotypes are composed of hexose rather than pentose sugars. (medscape.com)
  • Unfortunately, baker's yeast is unable to efficiently metabolize pentose sugars, particularly D-xylose, which accounts for up to 35% of total sugars in xylan-rich lignocellulosic biomass such as hard woods and straw [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bacteria already does produce ethanol when metabolizing hexoses and pentoses, but very inefficiently. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hexoses and pentoses are generally converted to C 2 and C 3 intermediates and to reduced electron carriers (e.g. (fao.org)
  • In contrast, in the defined sugar mixture and WSH, the pentoses were consumed faster than glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inherently higher robustness and tolerance of S. cerevisiae to various inhibitors gives it a head start in programs aimed at developing strains with extreme inhibitor tolerance, able to efficiently ferment hexoses and pentoses in concentrated lignocellulose hydrolysates [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Azospirillum is another free-living, motile, Gram-variable, aerobic bacterium that can thrive in flooded conditions and promotes various aspects of plant growth and development. (bio-fit.eu)
  • A pale pink and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain M71 T , was isolated from the soil of a Euphrates poplar forest in Xingjiang, PR China. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Caloramator celer is a strict anaerobic, alkalitolerant, thermophilic bacterium capable of converting glucose to hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide, acetate, ethanol and formate by a mixed acid fermentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The experimental data included four different cases: glucose, xylose, sugar mixture, and wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH) fermentations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The substrate uptake rate of C. saccharolyticus on single sugar-defined media was higher on glucose compared to xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the observation indicates a regulation system that has fundamental research relevance, since pentose and glucose uptake in C. saccharolyticus has only been described with ABC transporters, whereas previously reported diauxic growth phenomena have been correlated mainly to PTS systems for sugar uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The strain uses glucose and D-xylose with high consumption rates and partial cofermentation in various lignocellulose hydrolysates with very high ethanol yield. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless, due to the high number of sugar transporters, E. coli uses preferentially few systems to grow in glucose as the sole carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Glucose is the essential carbon source for growing and cultivating heterotrophic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli , for laboratory and production purposes. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • E. coli preferentially uses glucose in the presence of sugar mixtures, preventing using other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Several transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms control the preferential use of glucose over other sugars. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Additionally, numerous transporters with overlapping sugar specificities for monosaccharides increase the potential capability to transport glucose [ 6 ] , indicating the extraordinary capability and plasticity of transporting and growing glucose as a carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • These factors include sugar transporters and invertases as well as metabolites, including sucrose and glucose, which function as signalling molecules to modulate gene expression. (sun.ac.za)
  • Glucose is a simple sugar and an important carbohydrate in biology. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Combining experimental results from batch fermentations with genome analysis, reconstruction of central carbon metabolism and metabolic flux analysis (MFA), this study shed light on glucose catabolism of the thermophilic alkalitolerant bacterium C. celer . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most anaerobic bacteria undergo hexose metabolism via the Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP) which produces pyruvate as an intermediate along with NADH. (fao.org)
  • Limited genomic sequencing is planned for other poorly characterized syntrophic strains to further dissect and predict their metabolic potential along with associated cell-cell interactions within the anaerobic communities. (ucla.edu)
  • In this multi-stage process, fermentative bacteria hydrolyze the polymeric substrates present in all anaerobic habitats and then ferment the hydrolysis products to acetate and longer chain fatty acids, alcohols, aromatic compounds, CO 2 , formate, and H 2 . (ucla.edu)
  • Better control of fermentation conditions can reduce the stress conditions for yeast cells and contamination by bacteria and wild yeasts. (scielo.br)
  • There are great research opportunities in production processes of the first-generation ethanol regarding high-value added products, cost reduction and selection of new industrial yeast strains that are more robust and customized for each distillery. (scielo.br)
  • Often, they are instead the product of the metabolism of yeast and bacteria and are modified and released in wine during the fermentation processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • PEPCKs have been generally classified according to their nucleotide specificities: enzymes from bacteria, yeast, and plants mainly use adenosine nucleotides, but enzymes from a variety of eukaryotes and mammals use guanosine or inosine phosphates ( 24 ). (asm.org)
  • From the six HXKs analyzed here, only ZmHXK9 has minimal hexose phosphorylating activity even though enzymatic function of all isoforms (ZmHXK4-9) was confirmed using a yeast complementation approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purpose of the present work was to develop such a strain from a prime industrial yeast strain, Ethanol Red, used for bioethanol production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An industrial yeast strain for bioethanol production with lignocellulose hydrolysates has been developed in the genetic background of a strain widely used for commercial bioethanol production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The GS1.11-26 strain shows highly promising potential for further development of an all-round robust yeast strain for efficient fermentation of various lignocellulose hydrolysates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although there are various species of bacteria, filamentous fungi and other yeast species that are naturally capable of efficiently metabolizing D-xylose, they lack the other crucial advantages of the yeast S. cerevisiae , which have made it the most prominent industrial microorganism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, the transformation of plants with a yeast-derived invertase targeted to different subcellular compartments has led to the elucidation of several key aspects of sugar metabolism, including phloem loading mechanisms, the regulation of photosynthesis by sugars, the importance of sugar-metabolism compartmentation with regards to sucrose biosynthesis, storage and distribution, as well as the role of cell-wall invertase in phloem unloading and sink strength. (sun.ac.za)
  • Transgenic lines overproducing the yeast-derived invertase in either the vacuole (Vac-Inv) or apoplast (Apo-Inv) were utilised to analyse the effect of the altered sugar levels in sink and source organs on the expression of sugar transporters, as well as the endogenous cell wall invertase and inhibitors in these plants. (sun.ac.za)
  • Moreover, conversion of sugarcane biomass into fermentable sugars for second-generation ethanol production is a promising alternative to meet future demands of biofuel production in the country. (scielo.br)
  • These pre-treatments are designed to allow the carbohydrate portion of the biomass to be broken down into simple sugars, for example by en-zymatic hydrolysis using exogenously added cellulases to release fermentable sugars [ 12 ]. (banksolar.ru)
  • New technologies have also focused on the reduction of vinasse volumes by increasing the ethanol concentrations in wine during fermentation. (scielo.br)
  • Alternatively, processes using cellulolytic microorganisms (such as C. cellulolyticum, C. thermocellum, and C. phytofermentans) to carry out both the hydrolysis of lignocelluloses and sugar fermentation in a single step, termed 'Consolidated Bioprocessing Process (CBP)' [ 12 ] have been proposed, how-ever the development of these is still at an early stage, and again low conversion rates seem to be a major limitation that needs to be overcome. (banksolar.ru)
  • However, some challenges have been identified for syngas fermentation to be commercialized, including gas mass transfer limitations, long retention times due to slow cell growth, and lower alcohol production rates and broth concentrations. (banksolar.ru)
  • Currently, the main role of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in wine is to conduct the malolactic fermentation (MLF). (frontiersin.org)
  • A description of microorganisms involved in methane fermentation, based on an analysis of bacteria isolated from sewage sludge digesters and from the rumen of some animals, is summarized in Fig. 4-1. (fao.org)
  • In methane fermentation of waste waters containing high concentrations of organic polymers, the hydrolytic activity relevant to each polymer is of paramount significance, in that polymer hydrolysis may become a rate-limiting step for the production of simpler bacterial substrates to be used in subsequent degradation steps. (fao.org)
  • In simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Arundo hydrolysate, GS1.11-26 produced 32% more ethanol than the parent strain Ethanol Red, due to efficient D-xylose utilization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell extracts of strain GS1.11-26 displayed 17-fold higher XI activity compared to the parent strain, but overexpression of XI alone was not enough to establish D-xylose fermentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nous cherchons à comprendre les systèmes qu'utilisent C. phytofermentans pour fermenter la biomasse en combinant les mesures à haut débit de l'expression des gènes comme la protéomique ( Tolonen and Haas, 2014 ), la transcriptomique ( Boutard et al, 2014 ), et la métabolomique avec des analyses de la croissance, la fermentation et la microscopie (figure 1A). (cea.fr)
  • The depletion of DOM over time was strongly correlated with increases in expression of many genes associated with heterotrophy (e.g., amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism) belonging to a Hydrogenophaga strain that accounted for a relatively large percentage (~8%) of the metatranscriptome. (frontiersin.org)
  • The genetic transformation of plants and the subsequent development of transgenic lines with disturbed sugar metabolism have made an unprecedented impact on the study of sugar translocation and -partitioning. (sun.ac.za)
  • The main role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wine has traditionally been to perform the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid. (frontiersin.org)
  • 450 Billion live lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria*, maltose, anti-caking agent: silicon dioxide. (healthinista.co.za)
  • Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi. (lookformedical.com)
  • Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). (lookformedical.com)
  • A polysaccharide (PS) is a carbohydrate that was primarily produced by bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and streptomycetes. (springeropen.com)
  • The best-performing strain, GS1.11-26, showed a maximum specific D-xylose consumption rate of 1.1 g/g DW/h in synthetic medium, with complete attenuation of 35 g/L D-xylose in about 17 h. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of mono sugars revealed that EPS was composed of manouronic acid, glucuronic acid, xylose, and fructose at a molar ratio of 1.0:0.5:1.0:2.0, respectively. (springeropen.com)
  • The production of hexose 6 phosphate is a key node in different pathways that are required for a successful germination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Efficient growth and associated production and yield of desired products depend on the efficient sugar transport capabilities, sugar catabolism through the central carbon catabolism, and the efficient carbon flux through specific biosynthetic pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Cphy0543 is homologous to MgtA, a P-type ATPase upregulated at low ambient Mg 2 ϩ concentrations (35) to mediate Mg 2 ϩ uptake (36) or Ca 2 ϩ /Mg 2 ϩ antiport (37). (researchgate.net)
  • Transformation was assessed by the standard parameters of morphological alteration, increased hexose uptake, loss of density inhibition, and anchorage-independent growth. (embl.de)
  • The agriculturally useful microbial populations cover plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria, mycorrhiza, plant disease suppressive beneficial bacteria, stress-tolerant endophytes and biodegrading microbes. (bio-fit.eu)
  • Or seulement 2% de la biomasse cellulosique est actuellement utilisée par l'homme, elle représente une vaste ressource potentielle que les microbes industriels pourraient convertir en biocarburants et bioproduits ( Pauly & Keegstra, 2008 ). (cea.fr)
  • Many of the most highly expressed hydrolases belonged to a Ca . Bathyarchaeota strain and may have been associated with recycling of bacterial biomass. (frontiersin.org)
  • Three key compounds commonly found in the samples, namely gallic acid, quercitrin, and corosolic acid, did not exhibit significant antibacterial activity when assessed individually or in combination with antibiotics against clinical bacterial strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A novel psychrophilic, marine, bacterial strain designated BJ-1 T was isolated from the Iheya North hydrothermal field in the Okinawa Trough off Japan. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated GJSW-36 T , was isolated from seawater at Geoje island in the South Sea, South Korea. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • results in the bacterial mutagenicity assay were negative for the five strains employed, e.g. ta 1535, ta1537, ta 98, ta 100 and ta 102, while cytotoxicity was evident in all cases at 5000 microg per plate, the highest concentration assayed. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • the disease-causing bacterium was isolated and its morphological, physiological and biochemical characters were determined. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • For a biotechnological exploitation of this bacterium for H 2 production it is crucial to understand the factors that regulate carbon and electron fluxes and therefore the final distribution of metabolites to channel the metabolic flux towards the desired product. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results A lignocellulose degrading strain isolated from thermophilic compost was identified as Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5, which could secrete considerable enzymes at the optimal temperature (60°C) and pH (7.5). (researchsquare.com)
  • This Hydrogenophaga strain also expressed genes indicative of chemolithoautotrophy, including CO 2 fixation, H 2 oxidation, S-compound oxidation, and denitrification. (frontiersin.org)
  • The consumption of the acetate, hydrogen and formate by the methanogen partner keeps the intermediates at the very low concentrations necessary for the overall degradative process to be energetically favorable. (ucla.edu)
  • This reaction is the first step in the gluconeogenic pathway, in which citric acid cycle intermediates are converted to hexose. (asm.org)
  • The mutated Cphy3925 lost NAD(H)-dependent activities, but, unlike the mutated AdhE in C. thermocellum , the G609D mutation did not result in NADPH-dependent ADH activity (Fig. 3B to E). Instead, our results support the notion that the ET strain arrested AdhE-mediated interconversion of acetyl-CoA, acetaldehyde, and ethanol, which helps explain why the C. phytofermentans ET strain had lower ethanol yield. (researchgate.net)
  • Mesophilic microorganisms are not capable of producing H 2 at high yield being it reported in the range of 1-2 mol H 2 /mol hexose [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This company realized that, because R. planticola is an aggressive and abundant soil bacterium, it could be genetically modified to destroy crop residue and also create ethanol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ph.D. research conducted at Oregon State University, supervised by Elaine Ingham, obtained a sample of the genetically modified organism for assessing ecological effects through the German Institut für Biotechnologie and, testing it in non-sterile (ordinary) soil, found that the modified bacteria caused small amounts of alcohol in the soil. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the episode "The Pyramid at the End of the World" of the BBC television show Doctor Who, the Doctor stops a genetically modified strain of R. planticola from causing a worldwide plant and animal die-off similar to the scenario that some scientists have speculated about. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hexokinase (HXK) is a glycolytic regulatory enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible phosphorylation reaction of D-hexoses at the sixth carbon using ATP-Mg 2+ as a phosphate donor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. (ymdb.ca)
  • of exopolysaccharide production, strains grown overnight in NYGB medium were washed and resuspended in 10 mM MgCl2 (OD600 nm=0.1). (mirnamimics.com)
  • Therefore, new treatments are urgently needed to deal with multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR), and, in this scenario, plants can provide a valuable source of bioactive molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Photosynthetic rates were higher under warm temperatures irrespective of mycorrhizal inoculation, but sugars and proteins in leaves decreased in -M plants under these environmental conditions. (unav.edu)
  • Only in +M plants mature berries maintained the balance of sugars to organic acids and increased the Arg-to Pro-ratio under elevated temperatures. (unav.edu)
  • A strain of Raoultella planticola, Cd-1 has been found which grows anaerobically at high aqueous cadmium concentrations and precipitates insoluble cadmium sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
  • A R. palustris No. 7 PEPCK-deficient strain showed growth characteristics identical to those of the wild-type strain either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark when a C 4 -dicarboxylic acid, such as succinate or malate, was used as a carbon source. (asm.org)
  • Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) are metabolically versatile organisms which are able to grow either aerobically in the dark or anaerobically in the light using hydrogen or organic compounds as electron donors and subsequently fixing CO 2 ( 16 ). (asm.org)
  • Strains deficient in all three enzymes cannot grow on C 4 -dicarboxylic acids as a sole carbon source, whereas strains retaining one of these enzymes are still able to grow ( 14 ). (asm.org)
  • Therefore, the dramatic changes of sugar type and concentration during the germination process undoubtedly regulates the enzyme activity and the pattern of gene expression of several enzymes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Le génome de C. phytofermentans code pour 171 enzymes qui dégradent les polysaccharides (CAZymes), soulignant l'ensemble complexe d'enzymes nécessaires pour transformer la biomasse en sucres. (cea.fr)
  • These are organic compounds containing a sugar linked to a chain through N-acyl group. (ymdb.ca)
  • Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain BJ-1 T represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Psychrobium conchae gen. nov., sp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • On the basis of the data presented, strain GJSW-36 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassotalea , for which the name Thalassotalea ponticola sp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Some of the prepared cyclitol derivatives (i.e. 9, 11, 12, and 14) proved to be very powerful and specific irreversible inhibitors of PI4K230 at or below a concentration of 1 mM. (embl.de)
  • Raoultella planticola is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Raoultella. (wikipedia.org)
  • The type strain is GJSW-36 T ( = KCTC 42155 T = CECT 8656 T ). From this study, it is also proposed that Thalassomonas fusca should be reclassified as a member of the genus Thalassotalea and the description of the genus Thalassotalea is emended. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Legumes stand out for their high nutritional quality, so the objective was to study whether the atmospheric CO2 concentration affected the growth, yield, and food quality of early maturing cultivars of peas, snap beans, and faba beans. (unav.edu)
  • Vivomixx is a high potency microbiotic food supplement, containing 8 strains of live bacteria in concentrations of 450 billion bacteria per sachet. (healthinista.co.za)
  • This sugar is the primary carbon and energy source for large-scale biotechnological processes and provides faster and optimum growth compared with other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • On the other hand, thermophiles have shown great potential for H 2 generation, mainly because of the more favorable thermodynamics of the reaction at elevated temperatures which allows to generate a limited variety of by-products and to reach the theoretical yield of 4 mol H 2 /mol hexose [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The modified strain also produced more ethanol at lower pH (5.4) and ethanol production decreased as pH increased. (wikipedia.org)
  • To augment ethanol production by the ET strain, an alternative ethanol production pathway comprised of pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhB) from Zymomonas mobilis (Fig. 4A) was transferred into C. phytofermentans on the replicating pQexpE plasmid (Fig. 4B). (researchgate.net)
  • Expression of pQexpE increased cellulolysis by ϳ 30% in both the WT and ET strains (Fig. 5A) and boosted ethanol production by 70% relative to the ET strain ( P Ͻ 0.01), thereby restoring ethanol yields to WT levels (Fig. 5B). (researchgate.net)
  • CO 2 production increased disproportionately relative to H 2 production in WT and ET strains expressing pQexpE (Table 3). (researchgate.net)
  • Efficient strains of Azotobacter , Azospirillum, Phosphobacter and Rhizobacter can provide significant amount of nitrogen to Helianthus annus and to increase the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter percentage of seed filling and seed dry weight. (bio-fit.eu)
  • Our findings reveal that M. albicans exhibits remarkable adjuvant potential for enhancing the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs against resistant bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because the entire genome of a laboratory strain of H influenzae has been sequenced, additional insights into its molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis will undoubtedly be gained in the near future. (medscape.com)
  • The genome size of E. coli strain K-12 MG1655 is 4,641,652 bp, corresponding to 4702 genes encoding 4328 proteins, 228 RNA genes, and 146 pseudogenes. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • ET strain also has mutations in two transporters putatively involved in cation homeostasis. (researchgate.net)
  • The EcoCyc database describes 532 transport reactions, 480 transporters, and 97 proteins involved in sugar transport. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Minerals, proteins, sugars, and phenolic compounds were measured in grains of peas and faba beans, and in pods of snap beans. (unav.edu)
  • Under ECO2, grains of pea and faba bean increased levels of proteins and phenolics, respectively, and the sugars-to-protein ratio decreased in pods of snap beans. (unav.edu)
  • Among them, 97 proteins are involved in sugar transport ( Table 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Although, historically, type b encapsulated strains have been of primary clinical and immunologic importance because of their association with invasive infection, including meningitis, the other encapsulated strains also can cause invasive disease. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, their individual effects and synergistic potential in combination with antibiotics were examined against clinical strains of both S. aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to better define the mechanisms underlying tolerant responses of potato to infection by the particularly aggressive PVY NTN strain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The unencapsulated strains were chiefly responsible for infections at mucosal surfaces, including otitis media , conjunctivitis, bronchitis , and sinusitis . (medscape.com)
  • Zobell (2) observed that the number of versibly associated (not removed by gentle rinsing) with a sur- bacteria on surfaces was dramatically higher than in the sur- face and enclosed in a matrix of primarily polysaccharide rounding medium (in this case, seawater). (cdc.gov)
  • This plasmid codes for the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase which, along with alcohol dehydrogenase already present in the bacteria allow it to produce ethanol. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ET strain has a G609D variant in Cphy3925 AdhE, a putative acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). (researchgate.net)
  • The four synthesis parameters such as lignin concentration, (anti-solvent) water volume, temperature, and stirring speed were used to investigate the size, polydispersity index (PDI), morphology as well as the thermal, mechanical and optical properties of KLNPsDMSO & KLNPsTHF. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the second stage, hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria convert the higher volatile fatty acids e.g., propionic and butyric acids, produced, to H 2 , CO 2 , and acetic acid. (fao.org)
  • Cells of the strain were Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Strain GJSW-36 T contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 ω7 c and/or C 16 : 1 ω6 c ), C 17 : 1 ω8 c and C 16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Here, we present an absolute temporal multi-omic analysis of a minimalistic cellulose-degrading and methane-producing consortium (SEM1b), which was resolved at the strain level and augmented with two strain isolates 10 . (nature.com)
  • In this study, a similar strategy of transgenic plant analysis was employed to expand our insight into the regulation of sugar partitioning. (sun.ac.za)
  • Seed germination is a crucial process in the plant life cycle when a dramatic variation of type and sugar content occurs just as the seed is hydrated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These transgenic lines displayed varying increases in invertase activity, altered sugar levels and consequently disturbed sink-source interactions and sugar partitioning. (sun.ac.za)