Concentrations of aerosols. Medical search. Frequent questions

The speaker simulator the effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaners and universal (speaker receiver) was a commercial simulator (Warwick masking at reducing exposure to exhaled aerosol particles, the Technologies Ltd.) that breathed at 28 L/min. (cdc.gov)
These findings suggest that portable HEPA to determine the exposure of each receiver simulator to aero- air cleaners can reduce exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in sol particles. (cdc.gov)
We studied the particle number concentration (12 to 490 nm in diameter), the mass concentration (12 to 150 nm in diameter) and number and volume size distribution of aerosol particles in ship plumes for a period of 4.5 months at Høvsøre, a coastal site on the western coast of Jutland in Denmark. (copernicus.org)
We have used a sliding percentile-based method for separating the plumes from the measured background values and to calculate the ship plume contribution to the total particle number and PM 0.15 mass concentration (mass of particles below 150 nm in diameter, converted from volume assuming sphericity) at the site. (copernicus.org)
These nucleation mode particles have the potential to grow to larger sizes and to coagulate with larger aerosol, affecting heterogeneous chemistry and aerosol-radiation interactions. (nasa.gov)
The skies over Northern India, filled with a thick layer of aerosol particles along the southern edge of the Himalayan Mountains. (carleton.edu)
Aerosols, unlike gases, are solid particles that are very, very small-so small that they become airborne. (carleton.edu)
In this study the concentration of respiratory aerosol particles and physiological data such as photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) are collected during normal breathing and reading the passages. (pacific.edu)
Based on our preliminary results, there is very little difference between the total concentration of respiratory particles emitted when speaking English and speaking Hindi or Spanish, but there is the difference in total concentration between simply breathing and speaking. (pacific.edu)
The particles emitted by biomass burning therefore have a potential relevant impact on health as they can more easily penetrate the respiratory system than the coarse particles that represent an important part of the contribution of natural sources such as marine aerosol, the crustal matter and carbonates from the soil. (i-amica.it)
Our results suggest that universal masking reduces exposure to respiratory aerosol particles regardless of the orientation and separation distance between the source and recipient. (cdc.gov)
Aerosol concentrations for 0.3 to 3 µm particles were measured using aerosol optical particle counters. (cdc.gov)
5 × 10 5 particles/cm 3 ) corresponding to a volume fraction below 3 × 10 -10 , which is orders of magnitude below that of previously measured aerosols. (lu.se)
In the Amazon region, downdrafts bring aerosol particles from higher altitudes to the atmospheric layer where clouds form. (mpg.de)
For clouds to form in the atmosphere, moisture alone is not sufficient: there must also be aerosol particles that serve as condensation nuclei for the cloud droplets. (mpg.de)
Therefore, an international team of scientists investigated the origin of aerosol particles at a very remote location in the natural forest. (mpg.de)
They entrain the smaller particles from the upper troposphere at a height of several kilometers downwards and feed the boundary layer close to the ground surface with aerosol particles. (mpg.de)
In this article, the scientists explain how they measured the size and concentration of the aerosol particles above the tropical rain forest. (mpg.de)
At a height of 60 meters, well above the tree canopy, the research team collected air samples that were analyzed for the number and size of aerosol particles. (mpg.de)
The scientists observed that the concentration of the smallest particles, with a diameter smaller than 50 nanometers, was very high in the upper troposphere. (mpg.de)
Substances like biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), the various nitrogen oxides, carbonaceous particles, ozone or methane act in the atmosphere either directly as greenhouse gases and aerosols, or as key precursors for greenhouse gases and secondary organic aerosol. (lu.se)
So far, however, there has been no scientific investigation of the number of aerosol particles and larger droplets that we actually exhale when we sing", says Jakob Löndahl, associate professor of Aerosol Technology at Lund University. (lu.se)
Aerosols are small airborne particles. (lu.se)
To get a better understanding of the number of aerosols and virus particles we actually emit when we sing, 12 healthy singers and two people with confirmed Covid-19 took part in a research project. (lu.se)
The study shows that singing - particularly loud and consonant-rich singing - spreads a lot of aerosol particles and droplets into the surrounding air. (lu.se)
During the song tests, aerosols and larger droplets were measured using strong lamps, a high-speed camera, and an instrument that can measure very small particles. (lu.se)
Hazardous anthropogenic aerosol particles constitute a major pollution component and cause a direct risk factor. (lu.se)
In the figure below, the part of the extinction coefficient that originates from aerosol particles is shown as a function of height and time for one measurement performed in a rural part of Sweden and one in an urban part of China. (lu.se)

two air changes per hour) with no air spread by exposure to droplets and aerosols of respiratory fluids recirculation. (cdc.gov)
Many airborne diseases, such as COVID-19 and flu, are spread through aerosol droplets emitted by the human respiratory system. (pacific.edu)
A recent commentary in Aerosol Science & Technology, " COVID-19 and the Workplace: Research Questions for the Aerosol Science Community , " presents some of the questions surrounding droplets and aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2 and provides suggestions for future research topics. (cdc.gov)
In particular, the enunciation of consonants releases very large droplets and the letters B and P stand out as the biggest aerosol spreaders", says Malin Alsved, who recently defended her doctoral thesis at Aerosol Technology at Lund University. (lu.se)
The louder and more powerful the song, the greater the concentration of aerosols and droplets. (lu.se)
Physiological aerosols and droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, speaking and exhalation. (bvsalud.org)

Three types of uncatalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems, three types of high-temperature disposable filter elements (DFEs), and one diesel oxidation catalytic converter (DOC) were evaluated in underground mine conditions for their effects on the concentrations and size distributions of diesel aerosols. (cdc.gov)
This paper summarizes the results of a study conducted to evaluate the effects that several types of DPFs, DFEs, and a DOC have on the concentration and size distribution of diesel aerosols in an underground mine. (cdc.gov)

Elemental carbon refers to carbonaceous aerosols in particulate matter (PM). As a type of elemental carbon, black carbon (BC) encompasses carbonaceous aerosols in PM defined by their optical properties and BC is usually produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. (aaqr.org)
A contract to develop a monitor that can measure diesel particulate matter (DPM) in real time for at least a month and provide information on the mine-wide DPM concentrations to a central control station located on the surface. (cdc.gov)
The Air Quality Index was designed to measure daily concentrations of air-borne pollutants, such as fine particulate matter, aerosols and other pollutants. (forbes.com)

Large hemispheric difference in nucleation mode aerosol concentrations in the. (nasa.gov)

Understanding all sources and characteristics of stratospheric aerosols is important in the context of anthropogenic climate change as well as proposals for climate intervention via stratospheric sulfur injection. (nasa.gov)
Further, ORISAM-TM4 provides unique detailed information on both primary and secondary OC fractions together with differentiated aerosol secondary anthropogenic (SOAA) vs. biogenic OC (SOAB) contributions, not accessible to measurements. (sonnblick.net)
The measurements included a range of compositions and concentrations that likely reflected both local anthropogenic emissions and natural background sources. (copernicus.org)
The local anthropogenic emissions were not hygroscopic and had little contribution to the CCN concentrations. (copernicus.org)
The increase of concentrations in the cold period is largely due to greater anthropogenic emissions from vehicular traffic and biomass burning, the latter being an important source in the study area. (i-amica.it)
Policy Relevant Background (PRB) ozone concentrations are defined by the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as those concentrations that would occur in the U.S. in the absence of anthropogenic emissions in continental North America (i.e., the U.S, Canada, and Mexico). (acs.org)
Equally important is to account for past environments so as to improve Holocene calculations of terrestrial emissions which have an effect on, e.g., the atmosphere's level of oxidants and thus methane lifetime and concentration, the preindustrial burden of O 3 and hence its present anthropogenic radiative forcing, as well as estimates of the continental pristine SOA particle concentrations which affect cloud physics. (lu.se)

This dataset is from the Northern Ireland (NI) DELTA® Gas and Aerosol Monitoring Network, and consists of monthly atmospheric concentrations of inorganic, water-soluble, reactive gases and aerosols measured with the UKCEH DELTA® method at 4 sites across NI for the years 2019 to 2020. (data.gov.uk)
Biogenic emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes are simulated interactively using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols (MEGAN2) within the Community Land Model (CLM3). (escholarship.org)

Carbonaceous aerosols have been sampled weekly in 2002 and 2003 at Pic du Midi (PdMO), an isolated high-altitude Pyrenean station. (sonnblick.net)

As typical products of primary atmospheric aerosols, we measured and monitored BC concentrations for eight months from September 2015 to April 2016 in Chungcheong Province, Korea, to clarify regional BC emissions. (aaqr.org)
The sensitivity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentration to changes in climate and emissions is investigated using a coupled global atmosphere-land model driven by the year 2100 IPCC A1B scenario predictions. (escholarship.org)
The later includes enhanced biogenic SOA formation due to increased emissions of primary organic aerosol (5-25% increases in surface SOA concentrations in 2100). (escholarship.org)
The projected decrease in global sulfur emissions implies that SOA will contribute a progressively larger fraction of the global aerosol burden. (escholarship.org)
In this study we investigated the contribution from ship emissions to the total particle number and mass concentrations at a remote location. (copernicus.org)
In the UK, 6.1 per cent of human-made VOC emissions were from aerosols in 2017, up from two per cent in 1990, the study reveals. (dailymail.co.uk)
Such models aim to resolve the underlying physical and chemical equations controlling pollutant concentrations and therefore require detailed emissions data and meteorological fields. (springer.com)
The results of this study provide more insight into potential advantages and disadvantages of using biodiesel fuels for controlling emissions of aerosols and gases. (cdc.gov)

Aerosol scientists bring a unique understanding of airborne particle behavior to infectious disease transmission studies. (cdc.gov)
Are potentially infectious aerosols produced by toilets containing human waste with SARS-CoV-2? (cdc.gov)
The Xpert inoculation procedure and sample testing generated no detectable infectious aerosols. (bvsalud.org)
Depending on the size, aerodynamic distribution or concentration they may play a role in transmission of infectious respiratory diseases. (bvsalud.org)

The cancer risks from ambient air inhalation exposure were also estimated on the basis of DEHP concentrations. (aaqr.org)
When the simulators were masked, the particle indoor environments, with greater reductions in exposure counters collected aerosol samples from inside the masks (i.e., occurring when used in combination with universal masking. (cdc.gov)
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane is known to be a narcotic in high concentrations, but no human exposure data are available concerning its narcotic effects. (cdc.gov)
1978. A risk analysis of exposure to high concentrations of cold smoke. (cdc.gov)
In this study, the current exposure metric and two additional metrics, the surface area and the total number concentration, were evaluated by conducting simultaneous measurements of diesel ultrafine aerosols in a laboratory setting. (cdc.gov)
More work is needed to better understand the possible production of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols by toilet flushing, the size distribution of the aerosol, the infectivity of the virus in the aerosol, and the risk that exposure to these aerosols may pose to healthcare workers and others. (cdc.gov)
Which engineering control methods are most effective to prevent SARS-CoV-2 exposure through droplet, fomite and short-range aerosol routes? (cdc.gov)
Do ventilation systems contribute to the dissemination and subsequent exposure to aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2? (cdc.gov)

Our Global Aerosol Classification Algorithm, GACA, examines aerosol properties (MODIS Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) and extinction Ångström exponent, GOME-2 UV Aerosol Indices) and trace gas column densities (NO2, HCHO, SO2 from GOME-2, and CO from MOPITT) measured from space in order to classify different aerosol types and dominating source types. (knmi.nl)
NASA NEO, Global Aerosol Optical Thickness concentrations acquired using the MODIS sensor, May 2010. (carleton.edu)

Many works have been carried out to determine the factors which control NO x and NO 2 concentrations in order to enable the development of tools to aid in the forecasting of pollutant concentrations. (springer.com)

Without the HEPA air cleaners, universal either with all simulators unmasked or all simulators masked masking reduced the combined mean aerosol concentration (universal masking). (cdc.gov)

Total metal concentrations in aerosol samples and exhaust fumes as well as the bioaccessibility of metals in simulated lung fluids were determined. (openaire.eu)
Metal Concentrations in e-Cigarette Liquid and Aerosol Samples: The Co. (erowid.org)

We examine the relationship between the number concentration of boundary-layer cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and light extinction to investigate underlying aerosol processes and satellite-based CCN estimates. (nasa.gov)
The correlation between extinction coefficients and CCN concentrations is intriguing. (copernicus.org)
The findings support additional research into extinction-to-CCN parameterizations for various aerosol types that will be directly applicable to spaceborne lidar measurements. (copernicus.org)
For ground-based lidar, Mamouri and Ansmann (2016) presented a technique to convert the lidar-derived aerosol-type-specific extinction coefficients to number concentrations of aerosols, which were then used in parameterizations to estimate CCN concentrations at different supersaturations. (copernicus.org)
The technique uses the normalized size distributions of the CALIPSO aerosol model and modifies it to reproduce the CALIPSO-derived extinction coefficients. (copernicus.org)
What is generally shown when the aerosol particle concentration is measured with lidar is the extinction coefficient as a function of height. (lu.se)

The amount of mineral dust outside of the dust belt appears to be overestimated, and the abundance of secondary organic aerosols is severely underestimated in comparison with GACA. (knmi.nl)
High concentrations of both black carbon (BC) and total organic carbon (OC) have been observed during the exceptional prolonged warm dry spell over western Europe in spring-summer 2003, culminating during the first 2 weeks in August. (sonnblick.net)
Observations of the organic components of the natural aerosol are scarce in Antarctica, which limits our understanding of natural aerosols and their connection to seasonal and spatial patterns of cloud albedo in the region. (copernicus.org)
Submicron organic mass (OM), particle number, and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations were higher in summer than other seasons. (copernicus.org)
In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the natural sources of organic aerosol were characterized by amide group absorption, which may be from seabird populations. (copernicus.org)
Household aerosols now release more harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than all vehicles in the UK, a new study reveals. (dailymail.co.uk)

2020). It is not clear if low concentrations of viable virus could accumulate in certain locations in an HVAC system. (cdc.gov)

Title : Effects of Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment Devices on Concentrations and Size Distribution of Aerosols in Underground Mine Air Personal Author(s) : Bugarski, Aleksandar D.;Schnakenberg, George H., Jr.;Hummer, Jon A.;Cauda, Emanuele;Janisko, Samuel J.;Patts, Larry D. (cdc.gov)
A study assessing heavy-duty haulage trucks' contribution to the concentrations of aerosols and criteria gases in underground mine air and the physical properties of those aerosols for three FAME biodiesel blends. (cdc.gov)

This, barring special meteorology-aerosol connections, associates a doubling of aerosol optical depth with less than a doubling of CCN, contrary to previous studies based on heavily averaged measurements or a satellite algorithm. (nasa.gov)
Ions attach to aerosol in the atmosphere, reducing their mobility and therefore increasing the potential gradient, and so potential gradient measurements have been suggested as a proxy for aerosol measurements. (bris.ac.uk)
Choudhury, G. and Tesche, M.: Estimating cloud condensation nuclei concentrations from CALIPSO lidar measurements, Atmos. (copernicus.org)
The information about the particle concentration is, however, not directly obtained from lidar measurements, but extensive signal processing is necessary to evaluate the results. (lu.se)

The high concentrations in spring and winter were likely due to the dominance of westerly winds, which transported pollutants, whereas the low concentrations in fall were likely due to increased wind variations, which drove turbulent mixing. (aaqr.org)
Overall, although BC concentrations exhibited directly proportional correlations with PM 10 and PM 2.5 , the correlations were relatively low, probably because of differences between the sources of these three atmospheric pollutants. (aaqr.org)
2004 ). It can be used to derive nonlinear functions relating the concentrations of pollutants to meteorological and source characteristics. (springer.com)
During the recent Diwali festival of lights in 2019, the concentrations of air-borne pollutants were pushed even higher than normal in already severely polluted Dehli. (forbes.com)
In atmospheric lidar applications we use the DIAL (DIfferential Absorption Lidar) technique to measure concentrations and fluxes of pollutants. (lu.se)

In 2021, researchers at Johns Hopkins University analyzed the vape aerosols of popular brands such as Juul and Vuse, and found "nearly 2,000 chemicals, the vast majority of which are unidentified. (wikipedia.org)

Research to address these questions will help to better understand the roles of droplet and aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and inform public health recommendations. (cdc.gov)

A compact Raman spectroscopy system with high sensitivity to chemical aerosols has been developed. (mit.edu)
We believe this represents the lowest chemical aerosol concentration and signal integration period product ever reported for a Raman spectroscopy system. (mit.edu)
The Raman system includes (i) a 10 W, 532-nm cw laser, (ii) an aerosol flow cell, (iii) a 60x aerosol concentrator, (iv) an f/1.8 Raman spectrometer with a spectral range of 400-1400 cm^-1 and a resolution of 4 cm^-1, and (v) a low-noise CCD camera (1340 x 400 pixels). (mit.edu)
A remote sensing method is presented that enables the determination of quartz concentration in mineral aerosols from simultaneously measured, high-spectral-resolution lidar and quartz Raman lidar signals. (herts.ac.uk)
Tatarov, B & Sugimoto, N 2005, ' Estimation of quartz concentration in the tropospheric mineral aerosols using combined Raman and high-spectral-resolution lidars ', Optics Letters , vol. 30, no. 24, pp. 3407-3409. (herts.ac.uk)

The relationship between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration and. (nasa.gov)

When dispersed as a vapor or aerosol, or absorbed on dust, they are readily absorbed through the respiratory tract and conjunctivae. (who.int)

Black carbon concentrations are closely related to global warming. (aaqr.org)
To characterize the atmospheric aerosols in Chungcheong Province, Korea, we measured the concentrations of black carbon for about eight months (September 2015-April 2016) and compared them with PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations as well as various meteorological parameters (e.g., wind velocity and wind direction). (aaqr.org)
Black carbon (BC) is an important component of atmospheric aerosols (Ramanathan and Carmichael, 2008) because of its highly absorbing property. (copernicus.org)

Aerosol Sci Technol. (cdc.gov)

The work presented in this paper focuses on the relationship between the PDM and respirable dust concentrations currently measured by a coal mine dust personal sampler unit utilizing a 10 mm Dorr Oliver nylon cyclone. (cdc.gov)
The acute inhalation toxicity of PPG-844 was assessed by exposing 10 rats (5 males and 5 females), for a period of 4 hours, to an atmosphere containing a respirable aerosol of the test substance. (europa.eu)

The agreement with aerosol types from ECMWF's MACC model is generally good for urban/industrial (SO4) aerosols and biomass burning smoke, but the variability (yearly and/or seasonal) is often not well captured by MACC. (knmi.nl)
The impact of biomass burning on the concentrations of atmospheric aerosol is lesser in the summer but not negligible and is therefore one of the most relevant sources at the measurement site. (i-amica.it)

Vapors may be absorbed through skin if at very high concentrations. (who.int)

This analysis not only adds to the, currently sparse, observations of the global impact of aviation, but also introduces another aspect of climate influence, namely a size distribution shift of the background aerosol distribution in the LMS. (nasa.gov)
Number size distributions and concentrations of marine aerosols: Observations during a cruise between the English Channel and the coast of Antarctica (DOI 10. (meteo.fr)
Aerosol and Clouds (AAC) - AAC 6 - Number size distributions and concentrations of marine aerosols: Observations during a cruise between the English Channel and the coast of Antarctica (DOI 10. (meteo.fr)
In this work satellite based observations were used to estimate the concentration of nucleation mode aerosols over South Africa. (aip.org)

Heavy metals and metal nanoparticles have been found in tiny amounts in the e-cigarette aerosol. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we use small-angle X-ray scattering to perform direct in-flight characterizations of the first step of this process, i.e., the engineered formation of Au and Pt aerosol nanoparticles by spark generation in a flow of N 2 gas. (lu.se)

A 1-yr dataset of condensation nuclei (CN) concentration from this site has been analyzed along with corresponding meteorological data to assess the frequency and patterns of influence from the planetary boundary layer (PBL). (ametsoc.org)

The estimated annual contribution from ship plumes, where all wind directions were included, was in the range of 5-8% in particle number concentration and 4-8% in PM 0.15 . (copernicus.org)
Results showed higher PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations in the cold period (autumn and winter) compared to the warm period (spring and summer), with a seasonal variability of the chemical composition that allowed evaluating the variability of the contribution of the different sources using advanced statistical methods (Figure 1.2). (i-amica.it)

logCCN / ∂logσ is less than unity because, among other explanations, growth processes generally make aerosols scatter more light without increasing their number. (nasa.gov)
At lower concentrations, they absorb and scatter less sunlight, but may still be visible. (carleton.edu)

In this chapter, you will explore the temporal and spatial patterns of aerosol and carbon monoxide concentrations in the atmosphere to discover and describe the interactions between them. (carleton.edu)

Because it is only present in the atmosphere for short durations, BC is referred to as a short-lived climate forcer, and has been reported to influence local climate change due to the high variations in BC concentrations among industrialized cities and remote suburbs (Chameides and Bergin, 2002). (aaqr.org)
Case Study: How Do Carbon Monoxide and Aerosol Concentrations Affect Earth's Atmosphere? (carleton.edu)
Although carbon monoxide has always been a component of Earth's atmosphere, its concentrations have increased since the industrial revolution when humans began using technologies that dramatically heightened the amount of burning that occurs. (carleton.edu)

In 2017, the UK population emitted around 60,000 tonnes of VOCs from aerosols but only around 30,000 tonnes from UK cars running gasoline. (dailymail.co.uk)

Aerosol and Air Quality Research (AAQR) is an independently-run non-profit journal that promotes submissions of high-quality research and strives to be one of the leading aerosol and air quality open-access journals in the world. (aaqr.org)
3 nm from the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom), we identify a mode of aerosol smaller than 12 nm in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) at mid- and high latitudes. (nasa.gov)
However at high concentrations, they are easily visible. (carleton.edu)
Colorless gas with a faint, ether-like odor at high concentrations. (cdc.gov)
work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening diseases that are frequently fatal, agents for which there are no vaccines or treatments, or work with a related agent with unknown risk to transmission. (csun.edu)
The change in concentration from low values over the water to very high concentrations over land surfaces was abrupt. (ametsoc.org)
Our study indicates that with high-intensity synchrotron beams and careful consideration of background removal, size and shape information can be obtained for extremely low particle concentrations with industrially relevant narrow size distributions. (lu.se)
Test article groups were exposed to the same concentration of aerosolized xylitol for 1, 0.5, or 0.25 h for the high, mid, and low exposures, respectively. (nih.gov)

These results help clarify the characteristics of BC concentrations over the Korean Peninsula. (aaqr.org)
Analysis of these data suggested that the concentration of CCN was modulated by short-term localized influences superimposed on the longer term air mass characteristics. (ametsoc.org)

During the research experiments at Lund University's Aerosol Laboratory, the singers had to wear clean air suits and enter a specially built chamber supplied with filtered, particle-free air. (lu.se)

An article evaluating a commercial instrument developed based on NIOSH research for measuring EC concentrations in real time. (cdc.gov)

HEPA air cleaners were most effective when they were close to particle counters (Model 1.108, Grimm Technologies, Inc.) the aerosol source. (cdc.gov)

Two participant simulators (participant receivers) cleaners in classrooms could reduce overall aerosol particle con- similar in design to the respiratory aerosol source simulator centrations by 80% within 30 minutes ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
When both simulators were masked, changing the orientations did not significantly change the concentration at either distance during coughing or breathing. (cdc.gov)

[email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution - should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site (http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html) . (bvsalud.org)

The seasonal cycles of both aerosol type and source were also studied in more detail for several 5° x 5° regions. (knmi.nl)
Median CN concentrations and seasonal trends were found to be comparable to other midlatitude mountain sites. (ametsoc.org)

Several preliminary studies have assessed the factors affecting BC concentrations. (aaqr.org)
The yield of chemicals found in the e-cigarette aerosol varies depending on, several factors, including the e-liquid contents, puffing rate, and the battery voltage. (wikipedia.org)
Factors such as the directions in which people are facing (orientation) and separation distance also affect aerosol dispersion. (cdc.gov)

The aerosol of e-cigarettes is generated when the e-liquid comes in contact with a coil heated to a temperature of roughly 100-250 °C (212-482 °F) within a chamber, which is thought to cause pyrolysis of the e-liquid and could also lead to decomposition of other liquid ingredients. (wikipedia.org)
Propylene glycol and glycerin are oxidized to create aldehydes that are also found in cigarette smoke when e-liquids are heated and aerosolized at a voltage higher than 3 V. Depending on the heating temperature, the carcinogens in the e-cigarette aerosol may surpass the levels of cigarette smoke. (wikipedia.org)
The composition and yield of gases from hydrothermal gasification depend on process conditions such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, feedstock concentration, and reactor geometry. (bvsalud.org)

The development of ANN and multiple linear regressions (MLRs) has been applied to short-term prediction of the NO 2 and NO x concentrations as a function of meteorological conditions. (springer.com)
This work shows that MLP neural networks can accurately model the relationship between local meteorological data and NO 2 and NO x concentrations in an urban environment compared to linear models. (springer.com)

The details of aerosol processes and size distributions in the stratosphere are important for both heterogeneous chemistry and aerosol-radiation interactions. (nasa.gov)
The highly nonlinear processes of pollutant concentration genesis and its dynamics are only partially known, and they need complex computer modeling and simulation to obtain a reliable prediction (Brunelli et al. (springer.com)

Use aerosols in an open space to avoid inhalation. (cdc.gov)
VX) act primarily through skin penetration and by inhalation of aerosol. (who.int)

Sensitivity analyses conducted by the EPA have illustrated that changing estimates of PRB ozone concentrations have a progressively greater impact on estimates of mortality risk as more stringent standards are considered. (acs.org)

How much SARS-CoV-2 aerosol is generated by coughing, sneezing, talking, singing, and breathing, and what are the implications for transmission? (cdc.gov)

Bryophytes (mosses) have long been used to determine the concentration of heavy metals as an alternative to the collection of atmospheric aerosols. (bvsalud.org)

There are many reasons scientists are interested in aerosols. (carleton.edu)

In this paper, a new method of converting σ ab to the EBC is proposed by incorporating the variations of the MAC attributed to the influences of the aerosol coating state. (copernicus.org)

Anatomy10

Organisms19

Diseases33

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture18

Information Science4

Health Care33

Particles28

Droplets6

Diesel aerosols2

Particulate matter3

Nucleation mode aerosol1

Anthropogenic7

Gases and aerosols2

Carbonaceous aerosols1

Emissions8

Infectious4

Exposure8

Optical Thickness2

Pollutant concentrations1

Mean aerosol conce1

Metal concentrations2

Extinction6

Organic6

20201

Underground Mine Air2

Measurements4

Pollutants5

20211

Droplet1

Raman5

Cloud1

Respiratory tract1

Black carbon3

Technol1

Respirable2

Biomass2

Vapors1

Observations4

Nanoparticles2

Dataset1

Contribution2

Scatter2

Spatial patterns1

Atmosphere3

20171

High8

Characteristics2

Laboratory1

NIOSH1

Particle counters1

Simulators2

Distribution1

Seasonal2

Factors3

Temperature3

Meteorological2

Processes2

Inhalation2

Sensitivity1

Implications1

Heavy metals1

Scientists1

Variations1