Concentration of radon. Medical search. Frequent questions

Radon measurement aims at determining workers' exposure to radon so the measurement points at the workplace and the number of measurement detectors needed are chosen accordingly. (stuk.fi)
After smoking, prolonged exposure to radon gas is considered to be the second-leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. (commondreams.org)
A Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to Radon Progeny in Underground Mines. (cdc.gov)
Data from studies on both humans and animals demonstrate a direct link between exposure to radon progeny and lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
Analyses show that an exposure to radon of 4 WLM per year over a 30-year working lifetime (the current Mine Safety and Health Administration standard) poses a substantial risk of lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
To determine a REL, NIOSH has weighed this evidence along with uncertainties in the data and the feasibility of controlling exposure to radon progeny in mines. (cdc.gov)

Identify the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) recommended maximum indoor residential radon level. (cdc.gov)
We examined how North American residential radon exposure varies by modern environmental design, occupant behaviour and season. (nature.com)
A small workgroup of interested states--Maine, Maryland, Missouri, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin--met on a monthly basis to discuss their efforts and progress in determining the availability, quality, and compatibility of residential radon test data. (cdc.gov)
The results of the 1992 EPA National Residential Radon Survey estimated that 1 in 15 homes had an elevated radon level (i.e., a level at or above the EPA action level of 4 picocuries per liter of air). (cdc.gov)
Statewide study of residential radon concentrations was carried out by the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) in -89. (cal-iaq.org)
In, a focused survey of residential radon levels was carried out in 862 residences of Ventura and northwestern Los Angeles. (cal-iaq.org)
Currently, CDHS is conducting a survey of residential radon levels in 1,000 homes in the Sierra Nevada region, with preliminary results expected in early. (cal-iaq.org)

The EPA's Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction has provided a checklist to help guide you when evaluating and comparing contractors and also specific questions to ask. (oregon.gov)

Radon measurements were made using the passive time-integrated method using Kodak CN-85 Solid-State Nuclear Track Detectors. (radioprotection.org)
The employer is responsible for radon measurements at the workplace, even if the workplace operates in rented premises. (stuk.fi)
Radon measurements can be ordered from STUK or from a company that uses a measurement method that is approved by STUK. (stuk.fi)
Rn-222 measurements in water samples collected from 27 wells and 19 taps that were supplied from the investigated wells were conducted using the AlphaGUARD PQ 2000PRO radon gas analyser at sites across several geologic formations within the city of Bursa, Turkey. (uludag.edu.tr)
Through radon emanation measurements, the expected $^{222}$ Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 ( $^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$ ) $\upmu $ Bq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. (springer.com)
The radon emanation measurements campaign is described in Sect. (springer.com)
Spectra, collected for a 294 gamma-ray energy range of 46 to 1765 keV, and were analyzed by the Genie-VMS Spectroscopy System (Canberra Industries Inc.). The detector was shielded by 15 cm of lead, and the counting chamber was purged with nitrogen during the measurements to reduce the concentration of airborne radon-decay products from the room air. (aarst.org)
The 1960 + sub-cohort is characterized by low protracted radon exposure of high quality of measurements. (medworm.com)
Measurements were carried out for a full year to obtain an accurate estimate of exposure unbiased by short-term fluctuations in radon levels because of weather conditions or changes in ventilation. (cal-iaq.org)
The findings suggest that fault mapping and in situ gamma ray measurements, coupled with analysis of foundation types and delineation of hot spots, may be used to prioritize areas for radon screening. (cdc.gov)
It is important to stress that the radon measurements were not made with a standardized protocol in all countries. (who.int)

Sand used in making concrete is the major source of radon in buildings. (wikipedia.org)
The source of radon in homes is from naturally occurring (geologic) sources. (cdc.gov)
Drinking water sourced from a well might be another source of radon because the particulates can contaminate well water and disperse it around the home. (fixr.com)

Radon is a naturally-occurring radioactive gas that changes into other radioactive substances, called progeny. (cdc.gov)
Since radon and its progeny are present together in rock, soil, water, air, and construction materials, you will be exposed to the low-level radiation they give off just by being near them. (cdc.gov)
The elements that radon changes into are called radon daughters or radon progeny. (cdc.gov)
The radiation dose from radon and its progeny is measured in terms of the energy that they impart to tissue (in units called gray or rem for public exposure, or working levels for occupational exposure). (cdc.gov)
The long-lived radon daughter $^{210}$ Pb and its progeny can also plate-out on material surfaces, mostly before the detector assembly, and thus contribute to the overall background. (springer.com)
The PRD is an alpha-scintillation counter with a background of 1.1 cpm and a high detection efficiency (1.2 cpm per pCi/L) for radon and its short-lived alpha-emitting progeny. (aarst.org)
This document examines the occupational health risks associated with exposures to radon progeny (radon and its short-lived, alpha-radiation- emitting, radioactive decay products) in underground mines, and it establishes criteria for minimizing the risks encountered by miners. (cdc.gov)
The resulting REL for radon progeny is a cumulative total of 1 WLM per year and an average workshift concentration of one twelfth of 1 working level. (cdc.gov)

However, unlike tobacco use, radon inhalation is not addictive and effective testing and mitigation techniques exist 15 . (nature.com)
A radon mitigation system is designed to reduce radon concentrations in the indoor air of a building. (oregon.gov)
The kind of radon mitigation system that is most effective varies depending on the construction and building conditions of your home, school, or workplace. (oregon.gov)
We recommend you hire a contractor who is certified as proficient in radon mitigation to fix radon problems. (oregon.gov)
Standard radon mitigation systems are usually effective within 24 hours. (oregon.gov)
What about the cost of radon mitigation? (oregon.gov)
Estimates on cost can be obtained by contacting certified radon mitigation technicians or companies. (oregon.gov)
At this time, the State of Oregon does not have or offer financial assistance to homeowners for radon mitigation. (oregon.gov)
Use a certified or qualified radon mitigation professional. (oregon.gov)
Most mitigation companies follow technical standards/recommendations made by the EPA or the American Association of Radon Scientists & Technologists, Inc. (AARST). (oregon.gov)
Many radon mitigation companies in Oregon reduce radon levels by using a method called sub-slab depressurization (see diagram on left-hand side of page). (oregon.gov)
The Appendix F: Radon Control Methods (pdf) details the RRNC radon mitigation requirements for each of these counties. (oregon.gov)

In October 1988, Congress enacted the Indoor Radon Abatement Act (EPA 1988), which established a long-term goal of indoor air as radon-free as the ambient, outside air. (cdc.gov)
Thus in geographic areas where radon is present in heightened concentrations, radon is considered a significant indoor air contaminant. (wikipedia.org)
Although a different isotope of radon is formed in each of the radioactive-decay series, only 222Rn has a sufficiently long half-live (3.8 d) that it often occurs at elevated concentrations in indoor air. (aarst.org)
Report by CA Department of Health Services, Indoor Air Quality Section, Berkeley, CA. Survey of Residential Indoor and Outdoor Radon Concentrations in California, Liu K-S, Hayward SB, Girman JR, et al. (cal-iaq.org)

Radon is formed as part of the normal radioactive decay chain of uranium into 206 Pb. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, uranium and radon will continue to occur for millions of years at about the same concentrations as they do now. (wikipedia.org)
The entire radon activity of the Earth's atmosphere at any one time is due to some tens of grams of radon, constantly being replaced by decay of larger amounts of radium and uranium. (wikipedia.org)
The concentration in the air at the (unventilated) Gastein Healing Gallery averages 43 kBq/m3 (about 1.2 nCi/L) with maximal value of 160 kBq/m3 (about 4.3 nCi/L). Radon emanates naturally from the ground and from some building materials all over the world, wherever there are traces of uranium or thorium, and particularly in regions with soils containing granite or shale, which have a higher concentration of uranium. (wikipedia.org)
Radon-222 is a naturally occurring radioactive gas arising from the decay of Uranium- 238 present in the earth's crust. (unich.it)
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is created as part of the natural radioactive decay chain of uranium. (cdc.gov)
Radon isotopes are formed naturally through the radioactive decay of uranium or thorium. (cdc.gov)
Uranium and thorium decay to other elements such as radium (a solid), which in turn decays into radon (a gas). (cdc.gov)
At the phosphate-ore mining facility, concentrations of uranium, arsenic, respirable silica, and respirable dust exceeded either OSHA or NIOSH standards. (cdc.gov)
Radon is a gas formed by decomposing uranium, occurring naturally in igneous rock and soil. (fixr.com)
Radon is a naturally occurring gas produced as uranium breaks down in the soil, and this happens worldwide. (fixr.com)
Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTUNSCEAR recently recommended that future research on the lung cancer risk at low radon exposures or exposure rates should focus on more contemporary uranium miners. (medworm.com)

Pairwise analysis reveals that short term radon tests, despite wide usage, display limited value for establishing dosimetry, with precision being strongly influenced by time of year. (nature.com)
January is National Radon Action Month, and University of Nevada, Reno Extension's Radon Education Program is offering free short-term radon test kits to Nevadans in January and February, so that homeowners can identify whether their homes have high levels of the cancer-causing gas and can take steps to mitigate risks. (unr.edu)

In the past year, several homeowners and radon mitigators have inquired about radon emanation from cat litter, with the latter group noting increased radon levels in rooms containing a litter box. (aarst.org)

Regression analyses indicates that the modern North American Prairie residential environment displays exceptionally high and worsening radon exposure, with more recent construction year, greater square footage, fewer storeys, greater ceiling height, and reduced window opening behaviour all associated with increased radon. (nature.com)

Radon testing determines the presence of radon in your home and calculates how much radon you have. (fixr.com)

Inhalation of indoor radon has been recognized as the largest contributor to the total effective dose received by human beings. (radioprotection.org)

After this, if necessary, time-associated variations in the radon concentration can be analyzed by a so-called continuous radon measurement. (stuk.fi)
1 Michael E. Kitto1,2 and Traci A. Menia1 Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201 2 School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144 Abstract Emanation of radon (222Rn) from several brands of cat (kitty) litter was measured with a continuous radon monitor. (aarst.org)

Some techniques will prevent radon from entering a building, while others reduce radon levels after it has entered. (oregon.gov)
Properly-sized HRVs can prevent radon indoors by replacing all the air inside a home several times per day! (radonpds.com)

Human-made buildings can artificially concentrate radioactive radon gas of geologic origin, exposing occupants to harmful alpha particle radiation emissions that damage DNA and increase lung cancer risk. (nature.com)
11,727 residential buildings were radon-tested using multiple approaches coupled to geologic, geographic, architectural, seasonal and behavioural data with quality controls. (nature.com)

According to a 2003 report EPA's Assessment of Risks from Radon in Homes from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, epidemiological evidence shows a clear link between lung cancer and high concentrations of radon, with 21,000 radon-induced U.S. lung cancer deaths per year-second only to cigarette smoking. (wikipedia.org)
Soil depressurization is by far the most economical and energy-efficient way to reduce and prevent high concentrations of indoor radon, but what do you do when soil depressurization is not achievable? (radonpds.com)

By drilling 7,000 holes in the ground, the fracking industry may have changed the geology and created new pathways for radon to rise to the surface. (commondreams.org)
To estimate radon exposure, studies have examined various risk factors, but limited information exists pertaining to the confluent impact of housing characteristics and geology. (cdc.gov)

It is recognized that radon exposures below 4 pCi/L still contribute to the risk of lung cancer. (cal-iaq.org)
The Distribution of Lifetime Cumulative Exposures to Radon for California Residents, Liu KS, Chang YL, Hayward SB, Gadgil AJ and Nero AJ,, Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. (cal-iaq.org)
Therefore, exposures to all welding emissions should be reduced to the lowest feasible concentrations using state-of-the-art engineering controls and work practices. (cdc.gov)
These limits are to be considered the upper boundaries of exposure, and every effort should be made to reduce exposures to the lowest concentrations possible. (cdc.gov)

Oregon does not have state regulations that govern how companies mitigate for radon. (oregon.gov)
How much does it cost to test and mitigate radon? (fixr.com)
The national average cost to test your home for radon is $650 to $2,850 , with most homeowners paying $1,700 for professional continuous alpha particle testing of the home for 48 hours with analysis and passive depressurization to mitigate the radon. (fixr.com)

Radon is a naturally occurring, radioactive gas that is colorless, odorless and tasteless. (unr.edu)

How many radon detectors are needed? (stuk.fi)
Indoor radon concentrations were measured in dwellings of the Puglia region in Southern Italy using LR-115 passive detectors. (mdpi.com)

EPA has set guidelines for maximum environmental radon levels based on limiting the risk of developing lung cancer from radon exposure. (cdc.gov)
According to experts, living in a home with radon concentrations at the action level poses a risk of developing lung cancer similar to the risk posed by smoking about half a pack of cigarettes a day. (unr.edu)

One of the factories exceeded the OSHA standards for fluoride concentrations, with an average concentration of 3.39 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3). (cdc.gov)
Superphosphate and its effect on bone fluoride concentrations in sheep. (fluoridealert.org)

Radon Toxicity: What are the Standards and Regulations for Environmental Radon Levels? (cdc.gov)
Currently, no federal regulations govern acceptable radon levels for indoor residential and school environments. (cdc.gov)
EPA has also developed methods for remediating sites to reduce radon levels effectively. (cdc.gov)
Currently, no federal, enforceable regulations control indoor radon levels-only guidelines with recommendations and a national goal. (cdc.gov)
Although arising naturally, radon and radon-derived 'daughters' (including 214 Po, 218 Po) can concentrate within the built environment to levels typically not observed in nature. (nature.com)
Of the 27 sites sampled, only 7 had radon levels above the safe limit of 11.1 Bq l(1) recommended by the USEPA. (uludag.edu.tr)
Radon levels vary by location and can accumulate in structures. (cdc.gov)
Radon is present in all 50 states of the U.S. Some areas generally have much lower levels than others, with some states having consistently higher levels and others having varying levels across the state. (fixr.com)
The statewide survey showed that about 0.8% (approximately 100,000) of California homes are expected to have annual average radon levels exceeding the U.S. EPA action level. (cal-iaq.org)
extremely abnormal radon levels (100s of pCi/L). Certain homes- "Houses from Heck" as we call them in the industry-just don't respond to the traditional methods of soil remediation. (radonpds.com)
What if I have pressure, but my radon levels are still high? (radonpds.com)
A new study has found worrying levels of radon in homes that are closer in proximity to fracking drill sites. (commondreams.org)
However, in a study published Thursday in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives, scientists compared the results of state-wide radon testing in Pennsylvania to find a significant correlation between unusually high levels of the deadly gas in some buildings (mostly residential homes) and the proliferation of fracking in certain areas of the state. (commondreams.org)
And it showed radon levels in active gas-drilling counties rose significantly starting in 2004 when the state's fracking boom began. (commondreams.org)
Since radon is naturally occurring, in areas without adequate ventilation--like many basements--radon can accumulate to levels that substantially increase the risk of lung cancer. (commondreams.org)
Another possibility, she says, is that in the past decade buildings have been more tightly sealed, potentially trapping radon that gets inside and leading to increased indoor radon levels. (commondreams.org)
One plausible explanation for elevated radon levels in people's homes is the development of thousands of unconventional natural gas wells in Pennsylvania over the past 10 years,' says study leader Brian S. Schwartz, MD, a professor in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at the Bloomberg School. (commondreams.org)
The results showed that indoor radon levels were more likely to exceed the action level-4 pCi/L (148Bq/m(3)) designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-in fault zones, were significantly positively correlated to gamma readings, but significantly negatively related to the presence of a crawlspace foundation and its combination with a slab. (cdc.gov)
estimated arithmetic mean of radon concentration estimated percentage of dwellings with annual mean levels of radon above 200 Bq/m3 estimated percentage of dwellings with annual mean levels of radon above 400 Bq/m3. (who.int)
Radon levels are susceptible to change with modifications to buildings or the renewal of the building stock, or the efficiency of regional or national action programmes. (who.int)
Furthermore, as radon levels are strongly linked to local geological characteristics, the ideal scale to assess and compare radon distribution would be the regional one. (who.int)

Indoor radon data were collected from the dwellings lying on the sedimentary rocks (sandstones, siltstones and clays) of the Murree Formation, Nagri Formation, Dhok Pathan Formation, Mirpur conglomerate and surficial deposits of the Kotli area in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. (radioprotection.org)
The radon concentration in dwellings varied from 13 ± 6 Bq.m -3 to 185 ± 23 B. qm -3 , with an average of 73 ± 15 Bq.m -3 .The radon concentration in the Murree Formation, Nagri Formation, river terrace and Dhok Pathan Formation were 89.7 ± 16.5, 72 ± 15, 68.5 and 69 Bq.m -3 , respectively. (radioprotection.org)
An analysis on the factors affecting radon concentration such as age of the dwellings, floors, and stories, was performed. (mdpi.com)

Researchers from Johns Hopkins University analyzed radon readings taken in some 860,000 buildings, mostly homes, from 1989 to 2013 and found that those in rural and suburban areas where most shale gas wells are located had a concentration of the cancer-causing radioactive gas that was 39 percent higher overall than those in urban areas. (commondreams.org)

Radon emanation from the litter samples was determined using the analytical method depicted in Figure 1 in a climate-controlled laboratory containing ~0.3 pCi/L of airborne radon. (aarst.org)
Though radon is often thought of as seeping up through basement floors, the researchers explain that airborne radon can also enter homes through open windows. (commondreams.org)
Reference methods for measuring airborne man-made mineral fibres (MMMF : WHO/EURO MMMF Reference scheme monitoring concentration using a phase contrast optical microscope, determining size using a scanning electron microscope / prepared by the WHO/EURO Technical Committee for Monitoring and Evaluating Airborne MMMF. (who.int)

Radon (Rn) is a naturally occurring colorless, odorless, tasteless radioactive gas that occurs in differing atomic structure with the same atomic number but different atomic mass, called isotopes. (cdc.gov)

Although each of the samples emitted a measurable amount of radon, the emanation is too small to raise indoor radon concentrations. (aarst.org)
Given the health implications and the paucity of measurement data, goals of the 292 present study were to quantify the emanation of radon from cat litter and determine the associated gamma-ray activities. (aarst.org)

Researchers in Pennsylvania have discovered that the prevalence of radon, a radioactive and carcinogenic gas, in people's homes and commercial buildings that are nearer to fracking sites has increased dramatically in the state since the unconventional and controversial gas drilling practice began in the state just over a decade ago. (commondreams.org)
Radon is a naturally released radioactive carcinogenic gas. (cdc.gov)

Radon, a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, has been studied by a number of scientific and medical bodies for its effects on health. (wikipedia.org)
Joan A. Casey, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Both odorless and tasteless, radon is a naturally-occurring gas released from bedrock minerals beneath the ground and is found in millions of homes across the country. (commondreams.org)

The EPA environmental radon level recommends remediation at a maximum of 4 picocuries/liter (pCi/L) of radon in air, with the caveat that radon concentrations below this level still carry a risk and in many cases are reducible (EPA 2009c). (cdc.gov)
In the US, radon concentrations are often measured in picocuries per liter (pCi/L), with 1 pCi/L = 37 Bq/m3. (wikipedia.org)
Four or more picocuries per liter (pCi/L) is classed as a high reading of radon, and various test types can figure out how much radon you have. (fixr.com)

Radon regulation contributes to ensuring that any measures that are potentially needed at workplaces are scaled appropriately and taken sufficiently quickly. (stuk.fi)
The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) supervises the radon concentrations at workplaces. (stuk.fi)
Do all workplaces have to make a radon measurement? (stuk.fi)
Radon measurement is not usually needed at workplaces that are located on the second or upper floors. (stuk.fi)
A key point in radon control at workplaces is that a reliable measurement method is used when determining the radon concentration. (stuk.fi)
Radon Exposure Concentrations in Finnish Workplaces. (bvsalud.org)

A naturally-occurring gas formed as a decay product of radium, radon is one of the densest substances that remains a gas under normal conditions, and is considered to be a health hazard due to its radioactivity. (wikipedia.org)
In every 1 square mile of surface soil, the first 6 inches (150 mm) (of depth) contains about 0.035 oz of radium (0.4 g per km2) which releases radon in small amounts to the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
She says it is unclear whether the excess radon in people's homes is coming from radium getting into well water through the fracking process, being released into the air near the gas wells or whether natural gas from shale contains more radon than conventional gas and it enters homes through cooking stoves and furnaces. (commondreams.org)

Of 19 samples collected, 2 showed detectable concentrations of radon daughters but were below exposure standards. (cdc.gov)

The geometric mean (GM) for long-term radon concentrations in the state was 0.85 pCi/L. (cal-iaq.org)

The 222Rn isotope, commonly and here referred to as radon, and its decay products have been linked by epidemiological studies to an increased risk of lung cancer, causing approximately 21,000 lung-cancer deaths (Lubin, 1997) annually in the United States (US). (aarst.org)
The term "background wth a typcal range between 1 and 10 mSv n most radaton" encompasses cosmc radaton and countres, although n some regons t can reach 50 terrestral radaton, ncludng radon decay products. (who.int)
the average effectve dose¹ (e.g., uranum, thorum and ther decay products) excludng radon s of the order of 1 mSv. (who.int)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates 21,000 Americans die each year from radon-caused lung cancer, killing more people than secondhand smoke, drunk driving and house fires. (unr.edu)

Remarkably, multiple test approaches reveal minimal winter-to-summer radon variation in almost half of properties, with the remainder having either higher winter or higher summer radon. (nature.com)

To minimize potential health risks, consider remediating and lowering the environmental radon level. (cdc.gov)
Reducing radon exposure is the first step to reducing health risks. (oregon.gov)

Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as attics and basements. (wikipedia.org)

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formed the Radon State Data Exchange (RSDX) to better coordinate the collection and aggregation of radon data. (cdc.gov)

EPA recommends abatement or remediation when indoor radon air concentrations equal or exceed 4 pCi/L. (cdc.gov)

The average concentration of radon in the atmosphere is about 6×10−20 atoms of radon for each molecule in the air, or about 150 atoms in each mL of air. (wikipedia.org)

Two undergraduate students from my class PHYS-332, Experimental Modern Physics, accept requests from individual residences at Vermillion, SD to measure the radon concentration in their houses for two days. (physino.xyz)
The survey was a statewide effort to determine the extent of indoor radon exposure in representative California homes and to identify areas of the State where residences may have elevated radon concentrations. (cal-iaq.org)
In this study, radon monitors were placed in 310 residences. (cal-iaq.org)

Evaluation of radon concentration in wel. (uludag.edu.tr)

The cost will depend on the size and design of your home, and which radon reduction methods are needed. (oregon.gov)
Homes with long-term concentrations measured at or above the action level are recommended for radon reduction. (cal-iaq.org)
It is always recommended you use a licensed radon professional and HVAC pro to perform set-up and installation of an HRV as a radon reduction measure. (radonpds.com)

The radon concentration in air at the workplace is determined primarily using an alpha track detector (integrating measurement) that is kept at the workplace for a minimum of two months, preferably three months, between the beginning of September and the end of May. (stuk.fi)
The alpha track detector indicates the long-term average radon concentration. (stuk.fi)

If work at the workplace generally takes place outside the measurement period, e.g. in summer, the radon measurement should also be made outside the measurement period. (stuk.fi)

According to the EPA , radon gas is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States after cigarette smoke. (fixr.com)

The radon (222 Rn) released into the air decays to 210 Pb and other radioisotopes. (wikipedia.org)

This study evaluated the efficacy of housing and geological characteristics to predict radon risk in DeKalb County, Georgia, USA. (cdc.gov)

Radon concentration in the atmosphere is usually measured in becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m3), which is an SI derived unit. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Radon concentrations found in natural environments are much too low to be detected by chemical means: for example, a 1000 Bq/m3 (relatively high) concentration corresponds to 0.17 picogram per cubic meter. (wikipedia.org)

The annual effective dose for inhabitants in Kotli due to radon ranged from 0.32 to 4.7 mSv.y -1 , with an average value of 1.8 mSv.y -1 . (radioprotection.org)
For work in an atmosphere containing radon above an annual average concentration of 300 Bq m -3 you must notify the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). (hse.gov.uk)
Outdoor radon concentrations average 0.3 pCi/L in most of the US, so your air exchanger can drastically reduce and prevent indoor radon with these systems running balanced. (radonpds.com)
The average annual effectve dose delvered by by human bengs orgnates from medcal X-rays background rradaton ncludng radon s 2.4 mSv, and background radaton. (who.int)

The concentrations of these substances at this factory were 0.08, 0.08, and 0.195mg/m3, respectively. (cdc.gov)

According to its summary, the study 'found a statistically significant association between proximity to unconventional natural gas wells drilled in the Marcellus shale and first floor radon concentration,' especially during summer months. (commondreams.org)

Temporal and spatial changes of radon concentration in borehole water (Little Carpathians Mts. (copernicus.org)
The goal is to explore the spatial heterogeneity of radon concentration and to try to find relationships with environmental factors. (elte.hu)

It also found that buildings using well water had a 21 percent higher concentration of radon than those served by municipal water systems. (commondreams.org)
In the past, most radon has entered homes through foundation cracks and other openings into buildings. (commondreams.org)

The knowledge of the radon effects on human health is generating a growing attention by national and international authorities aimed at assessing the exposure of people to this radioactive gas and identifying building types and geographic areas where high indoor radon concentrations (IRCs) are likely to be found. (unich.it)

On a global scale, it is estimated that 2,400 million curies (91 TBq) of radon are released from soil annually. (wikipedia.org)
Naturally occurring sources of radiation include radon and other radioactive elements in air, water, soil, or building materials, as well as cosmic radiation from space. (cdc.gov)
A majority of radon entry into a house occurs at the soil-foundation interface, with minor contributions from groundwater use, building materials, and outdoor air. (aarst.org)
Your home may suck in radon gas through foundation cracks or wall gaps because your home's air pressure is usually lower than the soil around it. (fixr.com)
It sucks in air due to the stack effect and with that brings soil gasses like radon. (radonpds.com)
This decreased soil and soil solution pH resulted in increased Al concentration in the soil solution and on exchange sites as well as decreased P availability. (who.int)

The owner never heard about radon and did not take any action to reduce the concentration. (physino.xyz)

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care6

Exposure to radon6

Residential radon7

Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction1

Measurements11

Source of radon3

Progeny8

Mitigation12

Indoor air4

Uranium12

Short term radon2

Increased radon levels1

Worsening radon exposure1

Presence of radon1

Inhalation1

Continuous radon2

Prevent radon2

Geologic2

High concentrations2

Geology2

Exposures4

Mitigate3

Naturally occurring radio1

Detectors2

Risk of developing2

Fluoride concentrations2

Levels21

Dwellings3

Johns Hopkins Un1

Airborne3

Isotopes1

Emanation2

Carcinogenic gas2

Tasteless2

Picocuries3

Workplaces6

Radium3

Daughters1

Geometric mean1

Decay products3

21,0001

Variation1

Risks2

Accumulate1

Environmental Protec1

Abatement1

Atoms1

Residences3

Evaluation1

Reduction3

Detector2

Measurement1

Cause of lung1

Decays1

Geological characteristics1

Cubic meter2

Average4

Substances1

Shale1

Spatial2

Buildings2

Geographic areas1

Soil6

Reduce the concentration1