Concentration intracellular bacteria. Medical search. Frequent questions

Intracellular nitrate concentrations exceeded extracellular concentrations by three orders of magnitude. (frontiersin.org)
Azithromycin inhibited intracellular replication at concentrations as low as 0.125 mg/L, approximately one-quarter of the extracellular MIC. (nih.gov)
As V. cholerae reproduces, the extracellular concentration of autoinducers increases and eventually exceeds each bacterium's intracellular autoinducer concentration. (asm.org)
Intracellular ROS level and extracellular H 2 O 2 level were followed up by two fluorescent assays (DCFH-DA and Amplex Red). (hindawi.com)

As a diagnostic and research laboratory specializing in fastidious, intracellular bacteria, we have been particularly interested in assessing the specific role played by culture in identifying emerging pathogens. (cdc.gov)
Acts on extra and intracellular pathogens. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)
Although the bacterial translocase has been characterized in other intercellular pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Rickettsia prowazeki, this is the first characterization of an ATP/ADP translocases in an obligate-intracellular plant pathogen and, given the conservation of the ATP uptake mechanism, may represent an evolutionary link between plant and animal pathogens. (usda.gov)
MES occur in many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including medically important pathogens, therefore they are of significant concern. (chula.ac.th)
Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae and Argasidae) transmit multiple and diverse pathogens (including bacteria, protozoa, and viruses), which cause a wide range of human and animal diseases, including rickettsial diseases, caused by bacteria in the order Rickettsiales. (cdc.gov)
Obligate intracellular pathogens are able to grow, reproduce, and cause disease only within the cells of the host. (msdmanuals.com)
Facultative intracellular pathogens are able to live and reproduce either inside or outside of host cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Both the parent compound and the metabolite possess in vitro bactericidal activity against most strains of anaerobic bacteria. (nih.gov)
Bactericidal concentrations of metronidazole have also been detected in pus from hepatic abscesses. (nih.gov)
Reuterin was produced by Lb . reuteri SD2112 in pure glycerol solution, purified and used to test the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC). (biomedcentral.com)
It slows down the growth and reproduction of bacteria, in high concentrations it has a bactericidal effect. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)
V- Ciprol contains Ciprofloxacin, is Bactericidal for gram-negative bacteria, and Mycoplasmas at low concentrations. (varshagroup.com)
V- Ciprol possesses concentration dependent Bactericidal effect and thereby kills the rapidly multiplying bacteria at much faster rate, leading to quicker recovery from infections. (varshagroup.com)

Some bacteria are able to produce biofilms, either alone or with other microorganisms. (futurelearn.com)
In this review we summarize available information about the effect of elevated oxygen concentrations on the physiology of microorganisms and cells at various culture conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
In the late 1960s, it was reported that oxygen concentrations above 100% air saturation cause inhibition of metabolism and respiration in microorganisms [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Active against gram-positive microorganisms, gram-negative bacteria, and some anaerobic microorganisms. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is profiled to take care of intracellular microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria. (who.int)
Bacteria are microorganisms that have circular double-stranded DNA and (except for mycoplasmas) cell walls. (msdmanuals.com)

We investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of clinically meaningful, low concentrations of azithromycin against intracellular growth of two clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila. (nih.gov)
The Mono Mac 6 cell line is a useful infection model for investigating the intracellular activity of antimicrobial agents in vitro. (nih.gov)
Pathologic changes can be observed soon after the contamination and, in an acute infection, will decline rapidly after elimi- els for pathophysiologic studies and antimicrobial susceptibil- nation of the bacteria. (cdc.gov)
The antimicrobial properties of patterned aluminosilicate zeolite films containing nanosilver were successfully demonstrated using E-coli bacteria as the model system and complete bacteria eradication was noted within 120 minutes. (cdc.gov)
Antimicrobial resistance can be intrinsic or acquired by bacteria. (futurelearn.com)
Antimicrobial agents have been predominantly isolated from bacteria and fungi and either produced through fermentation or produced chemically [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular parasite and has been identified as the most common infectious cause of neonatal conjunctivitis. (medscape.com)
These transport proteins appear to be unique to mitochondria, plant plastids, and obligate-intracellular bacteria. (usda.gov)
Q fever (see the image below) is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate gram-negative intracellular bacterium. (medscape.com)
Aerobic bacteria (obligate aerobes) require oxygen to produce energy and to grow in culture. (msdmanuals.com)

To evaluate this, we exposed wild type and mutant strains to pH=4 and determinateviable bacteria after treatment. (conicet.gov.ar)
A concentration range of 14.94 to 21.05 mM for four dissociated organic acids, acetic, butyric, formic, and propionic was successful in disinfecting the 164 strains of S. aureus tested. (usda.gov)
The pH was determined at the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the S. aureus strains. (usda.gov)
A dissociated OA concentration of 21 mM was successful in disinfecting the S. aureus strains tested. (usda.gov)

Fur proteins are responsible for controlling the intracellular concentration of iron in many bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
When the intracellular concentration of autoinducers is low, autoinducer receptors act as kinases , transferring phosphate to LuxO (LuxO~P). LuxO~P promotes the expression of proteins used for building biofilms. (asm.org)
These icosahedral structures are composed of proteins with unique geometric properties, which enable bacteria to employ them in a variety of situations. (the-scientist.com)
The concentration of proteins in cells is variable and tends to be small for some intracellular proteins. (labettor.com)
This review described the factors that affect growth properties and metabolism at elevated oxygen concentrations that cells may be exposed to, in bioreactor sparged with oxygen enriched air which could affect the yield and quality of the recombinant proteins produced by high cell density schemes. (biomedcentral.com)
In bacteria and archaea , structural proteins with related functions are usually encoded together within the genome in a block called an operon and are transcribed together under the control of a single promoter , resulting in the formation of a polycistronic transcript ( Figure 12.30 ). (pressbooks.pub)
Many metal transport proteins have been discovered in bacteria, including the Mg 2+ transporter E (MgtE) family of passive Mg 2+ /Co 2+ cation-selective channels. (umn.edu)
In the presence of high concentrations of inert macromolecules, the self-association of proteins is strongly enhanced through an entropic, excluded-volume effect variously called macromolecular crowding or depletion attraction. (lu.se)

The antibiotic resistance and intracellular survival capabilities of BCC members make them resistant to many therapeutics. (jcvi.org)
The ecology of environmental antibiotic resistance has recently become an important area of research as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are recognized as emerging biological contaminants. (marquette.edu)
Of more concern is resistance acquired via a mobile genetic element (e.g. plasmids), as in this case multiple antibiotic resistance genes maybe present on the same element, rendering the bacteria resistant to multiple classes of drug. (futurelearn.com)

Gut-derived infections may be triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release from Gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella spp. (hindawi.com)
V- Ciprol maintains higher intracellular concentrations and thereby effectively kills intracellular bacteria such as Mycoplasma and Salmonella. (varshagroup.com)

Absolute metabolite concentrations and implied enzyme active site occupancy in Escherichia coli. (harvard.edu)
As isotope-labeled standards for many metabolites are not available, they used uniformly 13C-labeled glucose medium to label the intracellular metabolome of E. coli (25). (harvard.edu)
In addition, Earth life is possible outside the bounds of extreme conditions found on Earth (for example, the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans can tolerate levels of radiation not found naturally on present-day Earth, and Escherichia coli apparently can tolerate hydrostatic pressures greater than 10 times the pressures in the deepest ocean trenches 1 , 2 ). (nationalacademies.org)
Our data showed that most tested intestinal bacteria showed MIC below that for a sensitive indicator Escherichia coli (7.5-15 mM). (biomedcentral.com)
Jordan and Davies, 2001), [researchers] found intracellular K+ concentrations in E. coli cells to range from 180 to 200 mM across the entire range of sucrose concentrations employed (Fig. 3). (harvard.edu)
Competition assays in the heterologous E. coli system demonstrated that the translocase was highly specific for ATP and ADP but other nucleotides, if present in high concentrations, could also be uptaken and/or block the ability of the translocase to uptake ATP. (usda.gov)

The infamous gram-negative pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae uses quorum sensing for virulence during a cholera infection. (asm.org)
The haemocytes from E. cirrhosa will phagocytose bacteria (Vibrio anguillarum) in vitro in the absence of haemolymph (dependent on the temperature and duration of incubation) but enhanced phagocytosis will occur in the presence of haemolymph (10- 100% concentration). (bl.uk)
IMPORTANCE Marine bacteria are part of the healthy microbiota associated with seaweeds, but some species, such as Vibrio spp. (asm.org)
and Gammaproteobacteria (SUP05 cluster bacteria), whereas, the amendment with thiosulfate plus DOM stimulated typically copiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria (closely related to Vibrio sp. (bvsalud.org)

Glutathione, a powerful antioxidant, which also plays a key role in detoxifying reactive aldehydes, protects certain bacteria from oxidative stress, and could also be implicated in resistance to reuterin. (biomedcentral.com)
Due to oxidative stress within the biofilm, bacteria may develop mutations at a higher rate. (futurelearn.com)
The response of bacteria, yeast, and mammalian and insects cells to oxidative stress is a topic that has been studied for many years. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in most the reported studies, the oxidative stress was caused by challenging the organisms with H 2 O 2 and redox-cycling drugs, but not by subjecting the cells to high concentrations of molecular oxygen. (biomedcentral.com)

Aminoglycosides and anaerobic bacteria. (futurelearn.com)

Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria and consequent inflammatory responses can cause human disease and can result in significant economic losses in animal industry. (hindawi.com)
Our findings emphasize the importance of sORFs present in the genomes of pathogenic bacteria and underscore the utility of ribosome profiling for identifying the bacterial translatome. (biomed.news)

Addition of the intracellular-acting antibiotics azithromycin or ciprofloxacin at their MICs (0.5 and 0. (nih.gov)
In contrast, incubation of intraphagocytic L. pneumophila in the presence of antibiotics without intracellular activity (ceftizoxime, imipenem or amoxycillin-clavulanic acid) did not have any effect. (nih.gov)
are known to withstand disinfection and sterilization procedures as they display a moderate to high-tolerance to stress such as UV-C radiation, antibiotics, and high heavy-metal concentrations. (jcvi.org)
Intrinsic AMR represents an inherent or natural trait found in some bacteria that makes antibiotics ineffective against them. (futurelearn.com)
Antibiotics target a number of different processes within bacteria which results in their death or prevents them growing. (futurelearn.com)
Bacteria have evolved a number of different mechanisms to resist the effects of antibiotics, by reducing the intracellular concentration, or by preventing the antibiotic binding to its target. (futurelearn.com)
If bacteria are in a biofilm they may be more resistant to antibiotics and require higher doses of drug. (futurelearn.com)
When the agent is not known, antibiotics should be chosen based on the most likely bacteria in that particular site. (vin.com)
Antibiotics should be selected not only based on the efficacy against the organism, but also at its ability to achieve therapeutic concentrations at the site of the infection. (vin.com)
Antibiotics with time-dependent killing (beta lactams and most bacteriostatic drugs) work best with continual exposure to drug concentrations above the MIC. (vin.com)
For antibiotics with concentration-dependent killing (e.g., aminoglycosides), the higher the concentration, the greater the effect. (vin.com)
On October 17, 1997, the STD Program of the San Diego Department of Health was notified by the GISP laboratory that the N. gonorrhoeae isolates from patients 1 and 2 were resistant to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (minimum inhibitory concentration {MIC} 16 ug/mL for both antibiotics). (cdc.gov)

high concentrations can be toxic due to the formation of reactive oxygen species. (wikipedia.org)
Haemocytes also produce intracellular reactive oxygen species, detected by nitroblue tetrazolium, after incubation with dead bacteria in particular, but also live bacteria and LPS. (bl.uk)
In general, increased oxygen concentrations promote higher leakage of reactive oxygen species (superoxide and H 2 O 2 ) from the respiratory chain affecting metalloenzymes and DNA that in turn cause impaired growth and elevated mutagenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
But when oxygen concentration surpasses the air saturation level, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O 2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), accumulate as byproducts of aerobic metabolism [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Since some of the aggregate-forming diatom species store nitrate intracellularly, we explored the fate of intracellular nitrate and its availability for microbial metabolism within anoxic diatom-bacteria aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
Haemocytes also have a bacteriostatic effect on the growth of live bacteria with the effect being dependent on the temperature, duration of the assay and the bacterial species used. (bl.uk)
E. cirrhosa haemolymph agglutinates the bacteria V. anguillarum, Y. parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas salmonicida and exerts a bacteriostatic effect on these bacteria which is dependent on the temperature, the amount of haemolymph present and the bacterial species used. (bl.uk)
Under anoxic conditions, dissimilatory metalreducing bacteria, such as Shewanella and Geobacter species, are exposed to high levels of soluble metals, including Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ . (umn.edu)

Diagnostic Gram or Giemsa stain smears obtained from genitourinary or ocular mucosal scrapings reveal characteristic gram-negative intracellular diplococci. (medscape.com)
Gram-negative intracellular diplococci were identified in the urethral discharge. (cdc.gov)

When the oxygen produced by photosynthetic bacteria first began to accumulate in the atmosphere, it would have been highly toxic to most cells. (nih.gov)
Peroxisomes might have served to lower the intracellular concentration of oxygen, while also exploiting its chemical reactivity to perform useful oxidative reactions. (nih.gov)
Using dye-entrapped aluminosilciate zeolites, we have developed an intracellular oxygen sensor. (cdc.gov)
Human monocyte-derived macrophages internalized the submicron-sized Ru(bpy)32+-zeolite crystals, and intracellular oxygen concentrations initiated by zymosan-mediated oxidative burst could be monitored by measuring the emission from Ru(bpy)32+ by confocal fluorescence microscopy. (cdc.gov)
Most aerobic and microaerophilic organisms have developed protective responses to tolerate environmental oxygen concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
The purpose of this review is to summarize the known information on the physiological response of organisms exposed to high molecular oxygen concentrations, especially the effect on growth, metabolism, enzyme activity, protein oxidation, and gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The growth-inhibitory effect of hyperbaric oxygen was partially reduced by the addition of yeast extract to the culture medium and it was later established that 10 specific amino acids, niacin, and thiamin were necessary to maintain the cells growth capability at the elevated oxygen concentrations [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), increasing the virulence of these bacteria. (msdmanuals.com)
The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)

After 2 days of incubation, intracellular bacteria were released from the phagocytes and plated on to BCYEalpha agar. (nih.gov)

It is also transported to the site of infection by phagocytes, leukocytes, and macrophages, where it is released in the presence of bacteria. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)
In foci of infection, the concentration is 25-40% higher than in healthy tissues and correlates with the severity of the inflammatory process. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)

Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of four oral antiseptics (two solutions of cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate and benzalkonium chloride) on facultative bacteria using two methods. (bvsalud.org)

Stable 15 N isotope incubations under dark and anoxic conditions revealed that axenic S. marinoi is able to reduce intracellular nitrate to ammonium that is immediately excreted by the cells. (frontiersin.org)
Intracellular nitrate was used up within 2-3 days after shifting diatom-bacteria aggregates to dark and anoxic conditions. (frontiersin.org)

Members of the ferric uptake regulator family are transcription factors that primarily exert their regulatory effects as repressors: when bound to their cognate metal ion, they are capable of binding DNA and preventing expression of the genes they regulate, but under low concentrations of metal, they undergo a conformational change that prevents DNA binding and lifts the repression. (wikipedia.org)
While this pathway aligns with the classical nitrification pathway, while the significant difference lies in the absence of classical HAO and HOX encoding genes in the genome, which is common in heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria. (bvsalud.org)

They contain oxidative enzymes, such as catalase and urate oxidase , at such high concentrations that in some cells the peroxisomes stand out in electron micrographs because of the presence of a crystalloid core ( Figure 12-31 ). (nih.gov)
A high point in our visit came when we were received by Madame Teng Ying Chow (Madame (Thou En-Lai) and six other women who are prominent in China, including the newly appointed Minister of Health, Madame Liu Shing Ping. (botany.org)
The two major components to which beneficial effects are related, namely, 2-methoxy-benzoquinone and 2,6-dimethoxy-benzoquinone [ 6 ], are found in high concentrations in these extracts. (hindawi.com)
Where bacteria are present in high numbers, mutations can arise spontaneously and then such bacteria are selected for within that population under antibiotic selective pressure. (futurelearn.com)
Solubilization of inclusion bodies requires high concentrations of denaturants (e.g., 6M Guanidine HCl). (labettor.com)
The first gives the names of the best bacteria for lactic acid production and talks about how to keep them happy and provides some preliminary (but high tech and optional) steps for increasing the concentration of the lactic acid solution. (reprap.org)
High concentration of ammonia poses a common threat to the healthy breeding of marine aquaculture organisms. (bvsalud.org)
A SO_3966 deletion mutant exhibits enhanced growth over that of the wild type under conditions with high Fe 2+ or Co 2+ concentrations but exhibits wild-type Mg 2+ transport and retention phenotypes. (umn.edu)
Conversely, deletion of feoB, which encodes an energy-dependent Fe 2+ importer, causes a growth defect under conditions of low Fe 2+ concentrations but not high Fe 2+ concentrations. (umn.edu)
We propose that FicI represents a secondary, less energy-dependent mechanism for iron uptake by S. oneidensis under high Fe 2+ concentrations. (umn.edu)
The gill bacteriocytes also contain a high concentration of cytoplasmic hemoglobin. (biologists.com)
Penetrates through cell membranes and creates high concentrations there. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)
Moreover, extremely high concentration of Cd2+ could be almost completely removed (99.46% at C0 = 20 mM and 99.60% at C0 = 50 mM) within 24 h. (gtiit.edu.cn)
There is a difference in the residual concentration of antibodies between groups that have received low and high intensive chemotherapy treatment, respectively. (who.int)

Isolation and culture are possible as long as live bacteria are present in tissues, i.e., from the colonization to the treat- other supplemental tools to elucidate the causes of microbial ment or to the end of the clinical manifestations (or shortly earlier). (cdc.gov)
Haemocytes migrate towards low concentrations of blood preparations, to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to preparations which had contained live bacteria. (bl.uk)
Live bacteria caused an increase in the number of circulating haemocytes. (bl.uk)

C. Stephen Powell ABSTRACT The clam Solemya reidi , which survives in sulfide -rich sediments, houses intracellular sulfide -oxidizing bacteria as symbionts in its gills. (biologists.com)

Bacteria may be much more slow-growing so they are less susceptible to drugs requiring cell growth. (futurelearn.com)
Sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria is less predictable, but most enteric gram-negative bacteria will be susceptible to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides or second or third generation cephalosporins. (vin.com)
Seaweeds are extremely susceptible to microbial colonization due to the release of large amounts of carbon compounds that act as chemical attractants and nutrient sources for bacteria ( 1 ). (asm.org)
Patients with antibody deficiencies are especially susceptible to encapsulated bacteria, which cause pyogenic infections. (lu.se)

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium causing infections affecting human health. (usda.gov)
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium affecting human health, and a major cause of skin infections. (usda.gov)
It is inactive against Gram-positive bacteria resistant to erythromycin. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)

Tipically, overexpresion of DGC in heterologous or homologous bacteria augments cdi-GMP intracellular concentration and enhanced biofilm formation. (conicet.gov.ar)
Biofilm production comes to a simultaneous halt across all V. cholerae bacteria, and a new sequence of quorum sensing moves V. cholerae through its infectious process. (asm.org)

Reuterin is active toward enteropathogens, yeasts, fungi, protozoa and viruses, but its effect on commensal intestinal bacteria is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
The study emphasized the potential risk to human health of such human pathogenic or commensal bacteria, being transferred via food chain or horizontally transferred to human clinical isolates. (springeropen.com)

When exposed to a light:dark cycle and oxic conditions, S. marinoi stored nitrate intracellularly in concentrations >60 mmol L -1 both as free-living cells and associated to aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
Most bacteria live extracellularly, but some preferentially reside and replicate intracellularly. (msdmanuals.com)

In particular, azithromycin killed ingested legionellae in vitro at concentrations below the peak serum concentrations and below the MIC. (nih.gov)

Because culture as a tool is still threatened by the possible diagnosis but also as a route to enhance understanding of the existence of uncultivatable organisms, several authors have diversity and epidemiology of emerging bacteria and the infec- emphasized the critical role that molecular, culture-indepen- tions they cause. (cdc.gov)
Once the bacteria are identified, antibiotic selection is simplified because the susceptibility pattern of many organisms is predictable. (vin.com)

In many bacteria, including the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, this task is performed by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur). (ox.ac.uk)

Antibiotic concentration should be maintained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for at least a portion of the time to be effective. (vin.com)

AMR acquired through mutation can not, however, be passed between bacteria, but only via replication to new generations of that bacteria. (futurelearn.com)

An eight-hour intravenous infusion of 100 to 4,000 mg of metronidazole in normal subjects showed a linear relationship between dose and peak plasma concentration. (nih.gov)
For most tissues, plasma concentration will adequately predict tissue concentration, and antibiotic diffusion is limited only by blood supply. (vin.com)
V- Ciprol after oral administration is highly absorbed from the gut and reaches the maximum plasma concentration within a hour and then it distributes efficiently to target tissues, especially lung, liver and kidney. (varshagroup.com)
In a study conducted with 23 adult, healthy, female volunteers, oral administration of two 375 mg FLAGYL capsules under fasted conditions produced a mean (±1 SD) peak plasma concentration (C max ) of 21.4 (±2.8) mcg/mL with a mean T max of 1.6 (± 0.7) hours and a mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of 223 (±44) mcg∙hr/mL. (druglib.com)

Ironically, silver nitrate was later found to be toxic to the conjunctiva, particularly in higher concentrations, potentially causing a sterile neonatal conjunctivitis. (medscape.com)
Metals are needed for incorporation into metalloproteins but become toxic at higher concentrations. (umn.edu)

This report contributes significantly to the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms involved in the highly dynamic seaweed-bacterium interactions. (asm.org)
Consequently, most living entities have developed sophisticated mechanisms to control their intracellular iron concentration. (ox.ac.uk)

The aim of this work was to test the activity of reuterin against a representative panel of intestinal bacteria and to study a possible correlation between intracellular low molecular weight thiols (LMW-SH) such as glutathione, hydrogen peroxide and/or reuterin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
Hydrogen peroxide sensitivity and intracellular LMW-SH concentration were also analysed. (biomedcentral.com)

alters an outer membrane protein which prevents the drug getting into the bacterial cell and accessing its intracellular target. (futurelearn.com)
Is there any way to avoid it and do you think it will have an effect on the concentration of my protein? (labettor.com)
Using the amino acid sequence from the Las encoded translocase, a homologous protein was identified in Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso), the bacterium associated with zebra chip disease. (usda.gov)
More recently, the realization that macro- principal experimental challenge is to resolve and quantify molecules occupy 20-30% of the intracellular volume has populations of protein oligomers in dynamic equilibrium. (lu.se)

The transport of metals into and out of cells is necessary for the maintenance of appropriate intracellular concentrations. (umn.edu)
Furthermore, Ca2+ could also protect ureolytic bacteria against toxicity from other heavy metals. (gtiit.edu.cn)

Following each peak in release, concentrations of DOM fell back to routine background levels. (int-res.com)
In patients treated with metronidazole injection using a dosage regimen of 15 mg/kg loading dose followed six hours later by 7.5 mg/kg every six hours, peak steady-state plasma concentrations of metronidazole averaged 25 mcg/mL with trough (minimum) concentrations averaging 18 mcg/mL. (nih.gov)

This ability to import ATP directly allows bacteria that posses this enzyme to act as "energy parasites" and uptake ATP produced by their hosts. (usda.gov)

Resistance to acidic stress is a phenotyperegulated by c-di-GMP in other bacteria. (conicet.gov.ar)
it is arguably more difficult to predict a resistance pattern when resistance is acquired by a bacteria. (futurelearn.com)
Resistance can develop due to mutations, or by bacteria acquiring new genetic material encoding resistance. (futurelearn.com)
By expanding knowledge about seaweed-bacterium interactions and about the integrated defensive system in seaweeds, this work offers the basis for the development of tools to increase the resistance of cultured seaweeds to bacterial infections. (asm.org)
This type of resistance refers to bacteria that are insensitive, in their natural state, to an antibiotic without the acquisition of resistance factors. (med2date.com)
In this study, we discovered a simple approach to significantly enhance the Cd2+ resistance of ureolytic bacteria through an immediate supplement of Ca2+. (gtiit.edu.cn)
Efflux-mediated resistance is promoted by the exclusion of agents from the systems, resulting in reduced intracellular concentration of drugs. (chula.ac.th)

Daniel Romero-Alvarez] So Mycobacterium leprae is a slow-growing intracellular bacilli, and yes, it's the etiological agent of leprosy. (cdc.gov)

We got as far as guessing that the bacteria in yogurt starter might ferment corn starch into lactic acid. (reprap.org)

Metronidazole appears in cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and human milk in concentrations similar to those found in plasma. (nih.gov)
No correlation between bacterial intracellular concentrations of LMW-SH, including glutathione, and reuterin or hydrogen peroxide sensitivities were found. (biomedcentral.com)
H.pylori is a gram-negative helical microaerophilic flagellated bacterium found in the sterile gastric mucosa of majority of the world's population [15]. (webmedcentral.com)
However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl anti BFDGE.HCl.H2O at a level of 1.5 mg/kg. (who.int)

However other regulators systems are present in B. pertussis and needs further research.In the present work we focused on the role of the second messenger c-di-GMP, a key signaling molecule that regulates many importantphysiological processes in bacteria. (conicet.gov.ar)

Many bacteria are present in humans as normal microbiota, often in large numbers and in many areas (eg, in the gastrointestinal tract and skin). (msdmanuals.com)

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Metronidazole Injection USP and other antibacterial drugs, Metronidazole Injection USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
Plasma concentrations of metronidazole are proportional to the administered dose. (nih.gov)

The bacteria were cleared from the circulation of E. cirrhosa in about 4h by both the haemocytes and tissues (branchial heart, branchial heart appendage and white body) where they were degraded. (bl.uk)
The concentration in tissues and cells is 10-50 times higher than in blood serum. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)

We were able to calculate the molar undissociated and dissociated organic concentrations at the points of inhibition of the bacteria. (usda.gov)
The inhibition of S. aureus did not correlate with pH or the undissociated organic concentrations, but it did correlate with the dissociated organic acid concentrations. (usda.gov)

Mono Mac 6 cells infected with L. pneumophila were incubated with various concentrations of azithromycin. (nih.gov)
Treatment with FWGE (1-2%) significantly decreased the level of intracellular ROS compared to LPS-treated cells. (hindawi.com)
P.146 left column 2nd paragraph: 'Exponential phase cells were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (ranging between 1% and 10% with 1% increment. (harvard.edu)
The task was to test whether lead, mercury, copper, zinc and benzene in environmentally relevant concentrations influence porphyrin synthesis of cells. (who.int)

Anatomy30

Organisms80

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care8

Extracellular4

Pathogens7

Bactericidal6

Microorganisms6

Antimicrobial6

Obligate4

Strains4

Proteins8

Antibiotic resistance3

Salmonella2

Coli6

Vibrio4

Oxidative stress4

Anaerobic bacteria1

Pathogenic bacteria2

Antibiotics12

Reactive4

Species4

Diplococci2

Oxygen7

Virulence2

Incubation1

Infection2

Facultative1

Anoxic conditions2

Genes2

High14

Live bacteria3

Abstract1

Susceptible4

Gram-positive3

Biofilm2

Commensal2

Intracellularly2

Vitro1

Organisms2

Opportunistic1

Inhibitory1

Replication1

Plasma concentration4

Toxic2

Mechanisms2

Sensitivity2

Protein4

Metals2

Peak2

Enzyme1

Resistance7

Bacilli1

Lactic1

Found4

Processes1

Microbiota1

Metronidazole2

Tissues2

Inhibition2

Cells4