IsothermsFreundlichLangmuirDesorptionActivated carbonIsothermProcessesAdsorbentEffluentAqueous SolutionSodiumAdsorbatesMoleculesThermodynamicEfficiencyAbsorptionCatalytic combustionSedimentsTemperatureCapacitiesCarbonsMechanismIonsInitial concentrationParametersKineticParticlesCapacitySelectiveGroundwaterVaporRatios1000MembraneProcessSedimentPhysical10.2Surface tensionSpeciesProteinSpontaneousOptimumSerumCatalystHighNeuralMeasurementTest substanceSoilCompoundsEffects
Isotherms9
- Their adsorption isotherms and critical micelle concentration (CMC) were also determined. (irb.hr)
- The adsorption isotherms data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. (hindawi.com)
- Besides, the removal mechanisms of Cu(II) were explored by initial pH effects, adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies. (hindawi.com)
- In the definitive test, determination of the Freundlich adsorption and desorption isotherms were performed with four aqueous test solutions of test substance at nominal concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µg/ml (expressed as anhydrous active substance). (europa.eu)
- Physical adsorption isotherms were experimentally determined for these engineered proteins, allowing for direct calculation of the available ligand density present on coated surfaces. (frontiersin.org)
- The adsorption of gases and solutes is usually described through isotherms, that is, the amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent as a function of its pressure (if gas) or concentration (for liquid phase solutes) at constant temperature. (wikipedia.org)
- Adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R)) and thermodynamic parameters were calculated and obtained data were evaluated. (scialert.net)
- The adsorption isotherms obtained at 27ºC and optimum pH fitted well into both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. (academicjournals.org)
- Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms have been used to investigate with adapted fungal consortium on removal of toxic pollutants (dye), the best fitting was observed in both monolayer model (R 2 about 0.98) as well as Freundlich model in an experimental data with used dye (R 2 about 0.92). (scialert.net)
Freundlich1
- The adsorption data were fitted well by Freundlich isotherm. (unboundmedicine.com)
Langmuir3
- The Langmuir model was found to provide the best fit, and the calculated adsorption capacity was 151.35 mg/g. (hindawi.com)
- Explicit measurement of the endotoxin adsorption efficiency detects non-Langmuir behavior at low concentrations. (nih.gov)
- Irving Langmuir was the first to derive a scientifically based adsorption isotherm in 1918. (wikipedia.org)
Desorption8
- The Zeilite Concentration rotor is divided into three zones, namely the treatment zone (adsorption zone), the regeneration zone (desorption zone), and the cooling zone. (gasskid.com)
- The Zeilite Concentration rotor is cooled in the cooling zone, and the air passing through the cooling zone is used as desorption waste gas after being heated. (gasskid.com)
- Zeolite adsorption concentration rotor is divided into adsorption zone, desorption zone and cooling regeneration zone, rotor runs continuously in each zone. (gasskid.com)
- The Zeolite which has already adsorbed VOCs component rotate to enter the desorption zone, and go through desorption concentration by high-temperature hot air, and then enters the cooling regeneration zone to go through cooling regenerated by cooling air, the cooling air can become regeneration gas to use after heated. (gasskid.com)
- For the desorption phase, an aliquot of fresh 0.01 M CaCl2 solution, equal to the volume removed after the adsorption phase, was added back to each test tube containing the pellet. (europa.eu)
- The definitive test was performed with a soil:water ratio of 1:2 and an equilibrium time of 2 hours for the adsorption and desorption stages. (europa.eu)
- Geochemical processes such as adsorption/desorption, precipitation/dissolution, and chemical transformations control V concentrations in groundwater. (usgs.gov)
- [4] The term sorption encompasses both adsorption and absorption, and desorption is the reverse of sorption. (wikipedia.org)
Activated carbon1
- However, adsorption process with activated carbon has been reported to be effective for the removal of pollutant from wastewater [ 8 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Isotherm3
- Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic study of tetracycline adsorption were investigated. (researchsquare.com)
- It is the most common isotherm equation to use due to its simplicity and its ability to fit a variety of adsorption data. (wikipedia.org)
- Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption is physical, which is consistent with the results of the isotherm models. (scialert.net)
Processes4
- Pseudo first-order model, pseudo second-order model, and intraparticle diffusion model were applied to describe the adsorption processes. (hindawi.com)
- Among numerous treatment processes, activated carbons (ACs) adsorption is widely used because of its simple design, easy accessibility, and high efficiency [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Adsorption, ion exchange and chromatography are sorption processes in which certain adsorbates are selectively transferred from the fluid phase to the surface of insoluble, rigid particles suspended in a vessel or packed in a column. (wikipedia.org)
- Thirty-seven model emulsions containing detergent, tap water, different soils and soil concentrations were created and measured by using near-infrared spectroscopy to demonstrate its suitability for the evaluation of dishwashing processes. (degruyter.com)
Adsorbent7
- The hydrophobic silicalite adsorbent presents strong hydrophobic/lipophilic characteristics, uniform pores, larger specific surface area (500~1000 m2 /g) and larger adsorption capacity. (gasskid.com)
- Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a technique used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases (typically air) under pressure according to the species' molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material. (wikipedia.org)
- Adsorption capacity was found to be 45 mg/g of adsorbent, at Cr(VI) concentration in the effluent being 250 mg/l. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Optimum conditions were obtained in TC concentration: 10 mg L −1 , adsorbent dosage: 80 mg L −1 , contact time: 90 min, and solution pH: 6 with the maximum TC removal of 90% and 65.41% in synthetic and actual samples, respectively. (researchsquare.com)
- Consequently, it is highly desirable that Fe 3 O 4 @MC/APTMS magnetic nano-biocomposite could be used as a promising adsorbent for TC adsorption from aqueous solutions. (researchsquare.com)
- [3] While adsorption does often precede absorption, which involves the transfer of the absorbate into the volume of the absorbent material, alternatively, adsorption is distinctly a surface phenomenon, wherein the adsorbate does not penetrate through the material surface and into the bulk of the adsorbent. (wikipedia.org)
- The removal efficiency of the adsorbent is to be considered an output layer and the adsorption parameters such as pH, time, initial concentration, temperature etc., are to be considered an input layer of the ANN model. (scialert.net)
Effluent2
- Influences of chromium concentration, pH, contact time on removal of chromium from effluent was investigated. (unboundmedicine.com)
- This study also presents the standardization of organic load concentration, pH, retention time, inoculum concentration and incubation temperature required to decolorize the azo textile effluent. (scialert.net)
Aqueous Solution1
- The artificial neural networks (ANN) are carried out for prediction of adsorption efficiency for the removal of Sr(II) ions from aqueous solution by eggshell (ES) and bone ash-hydroxyapatite (BA-HAp). (scialert.net)
Sodium6
- Major cation concentrations and sodium adsorption ratios for salt marsh sediment cores collected from Tillingham and Warton Sands, UK. (data.gov.uk)
- Concentration data used to calculate sodium adsorption ratios for sediments collected from Tilling Farm and Warton sands saltmarshes. (data.gov.uk)
- Researchers measuring sodium leachate concentrations on an atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. (mortonarb.org)
- The concentrations of the test substance, and sodium acetate in the bottles were 1.0, and 6.7 mg/L, respectively. (europa.eu)
- The binding buffer contains a pH indicator, allowing easy determination of the optimal pH for DNA binding (see figure pH Indicator Dye. pH indicator dye in the solubilization and binding buffer allows easy visual determination of optimal pH for DNA adsorption (pH ≤7.5). An incorrect binding-mixture pH can occur if the agarose gel electrophoresis buffer was frequently used or incorrectly prepared. In this case, the pH can be easily adjusted by addition of 10 µl 3 M sodium acetate, pH 5.0. "> "pH Indicator Dye" ). (qiagen.com)
- Have the pharmacy prepare the syringe at a concentration of 1 U/mL (ie, 50 U insulin qs with 0.9% sodium chloride to 50 mL). (medscape.com)
Adsorbates3
- Response Surface Methodology was used to evaluate the interactions of carbonization temperatures of adsorbents and concentrations of adsorbates on the adsorption capacities and removal efficiencies of activated carbons obtained from flamboyant ( Delonix regia ) pod bark (FB), milk bush ( Thevetia peruviana ) kernel shell (MB) and rice ( Oryza sativa ) husks (RH). (omicsonline.org)
- Two factors interaction (2FI) model Y = a 0 + a 1 A + a 2 B + a 12 AB, showed that the interactions between increasing activation temperature of the adsorbents and increasing concentrations of the adsorbates increased the adsorption capacity of the MB while the adsorption capacities of FB and RH were reduced. (omicsonline.org)
- Surface area may be measured by gas adsorption methods using adsorbates such as nitrogen, krypton, and argon (Brunauer et al. (astm.org)
Molecules5
- The nature and mechanism of adsorption is primarily effective within porous solids however, the interactive forces of physical attraction between the surface of porous solids and the targeted components of the molecules in the bulk phase establish adsorption process [ 9 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- Though the gas adsorbed on these surfaces may consist of a layer only one or at most a few molecules thickness, surface areas of several hundred square meters per gram enable the adsorption of a large portion of the adsorbent's weight in gas. (wikipedia.org)
- Adsorption is the adhesion [1] of atoms , ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface . (wikipedia.org)
- Brunauer, Emmett and Teller's model of multilayer adsorption is a random distribution of molecules on the material surface. (wikipedia.org)
- Specialized binding buffers are optimized for specific applications and promote selective adsorption of DNA molecules within particular size ranges. (qiagen.com)
Thermodynamic2
- Based on thermodynamic data and laboratory studies, V concentrations are expected to be highest in samples collected from oxic and alkaline groundwater. (usgs.gov)
- High V concentrations in groundwater samples analyzed in this study were almost always associated with oxic and alkaline groundwater conditions, which is consistent with predictions based on thermodynamic data. (usgs.gov)
Efficiency1
- Results indicated that the combined process was very effective in removing low arsenic (V) concentration from drinking water in the range of 25-100 μg/L. Moreover, it was found that, among the tested variables, high-velocity gradient conditions led to an improved removal efficiency which reached 89% under optimized process conditions. (unisalento.it)
Absorption1
- The specific surface of amorphous silica is important for its adsorption and absorption applications. (lu.se)
Catalytic combustion1
- Common treatment methods adopted for treating PAHs such as biodegradation, scrubber adsorption, high-energy electron beam irradiation, ozonization and catalytic combustion have secondary environmental effects [ 5 - 7 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Sediments1
- The compound shows moderate adsorption to sludge and partitioning into sediments with only 5.3 to 6.0 % of applied radioactivity as parent substance found in sediments after 21 days. (janusinfo.se)
Temperature4
- Specifically, the effects of shale organic type and maturity, temperature, pressure, and moisture content on pure CH 4 and the competitive adsorption performance of a CO 2 /CH 4 mixture were investigated. (mdpi.com)
- It was found that pressure and temperature have a significant influence on both the adsorption capacity and the selectivity of CO 2 /CH 4 . (mdpi.com)
- The parameters that were studied were the pore diameter, the particle size, the time of treatment, the temperature and the silica concentration. (lu.se)
- These conditions include a very low ionic strength (the particles are weakly charged), a relatively high temperature, and a low particle concentration. (lu.se)
Capacities1
- The simulated results also show that the adsorption capacities of CO 2 /CH 4 increase with the maturity level of kerogen. (mdpi.com)
Carbons2
- The activated carbons produced at various temperatures (300-600 ?C) were used to adsorb concentrations (50-150 mg/L) of naphthalene and acenaphthene in a batch process at 150 rpm. (omicsonline.org)
- Adsorption is present in many natural, physical, biological and chemical systems and is widely used in industrial applications such as heterogeneous catalysts , [8] [9] activated charcoal , capturing and using waste heat to provide cold water for air conditioning and other process requirements ( adsorption chillers ), synthetic resins , increasing storage capacity of carbide-derived carbons and water purification . (wikipedia.org)
Mechanism4
- The adsorption behavior and the mechanism of a CO 2 /CH 4 mixture in shale organic matter play significant roles to predict the carbon dioxide sequestration with enhanced gas recovery (CS-EGR) in shale reservoirs. (mdpi.com)
- In the present work, the adsorption performance and the mechanism of a CO 2 /CH 4 binary mixture in realistic shale kerogen were explored by employing grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. (mdpi.com)
- The mechanism of adsorption is also highly complex and difficult to model and simulate using conventional mathematical modelling due to the interaction of more number of adsorption process variables 11 . (scialert.net)
- There are several ways to model the separation mechanism: partition, adsorption, ion exchange, and size exclusion. (springer.com)
Ions4
- This study aimed to investigate and explore the possibility of using eggshell powder (ES) and natural hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from chicken bone for adsorption of Sr(II) ions from aqueous solutions. (scialert.net)
- In addition, ANN model is an effective technique in modeling, estimation and prediction of adsorption process for Sr(II) ions onto ES and BA-HAp. (scialert.net)
- Among various treatment methods adsorption process is one of the most effective and economically feasible alternative methods used to remove metal ions from waste solutions. (scialert.net)
- The kinetic studies show that uptake of lead ions increases with time and that maximum adsorption was obtained within the first 30 min of the process. (academicjournals.org)
Initial concentration2
- The effect of current density, pH of MG solution, dosage of PS and initial concentration of MG were also investigated. (iwaponline.com)
- Therefore, limited inhibition of the biodegradation due to the 'high' initial concentration of the test compound is expected. (europa.eu)
Parameters3
- In this study, some heavy metals concentrations (Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni) and other physico-chemical parameters were studied during October 2001 to September 2003 in Karanja reservoir, Bidar district. (springer.com)
- Water quality parameters were collected monthly basis whereas heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer (AAS). (springer.com)
- Various parameters, such as the concentration of dye, pH and amount of catalyst have optimized for the photocatalysis process. (ias.ac.in)
Kinetic1
- The adsorption kinetic data were found to follow the pseudo second-order model. (hindawi.com)
Particles4
- Total particle number concentrations were determined with a condensation particle counter (CPC) for particles between 0.02 microm and 1 microm (P-Trak UPC, Model 8525, TSI) and the particle size fraction was determined with a differential mobility analyser (DMA) for particles from 0.01 microm to 0.5 microm. (who.int)
- Particle number concentrations of ultrafine particles in mainstream smoke during waterpipe smoking ranged up to 70 x 10(9) particles per litre. (who.int)
- Adsorption of rhodamine B, sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine and hypericin by magnetic CZ nano/micro-particles was investigated, as was the release of hypericin. (nature.com)
- Findings: According to our Zeta potential measurements, the particles indeed carry a weak negative charge, presumably due to ion specific adsorption. (lu.se)
Capacity4
- Areas that need to be improved are the rate of remediation and the loading capacity of the adsorption beds. (dren.mil)
- The resulting ACs were used for the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions in the batch mode and yielded a superior adsorption capacity of 139.08 mg/g. (hindawi.com)
- The obtained results were in good agreement with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model of multilayer physisorption, which suggests that the hydrophobin coating enhanced the sensitivity by improving the monolayer adsorption capacity. (researchgate.net)
- Chlorhexidine, which chemically is a biguanide, has a greater antiplaque effect than other microbial agents because of its great capacity of adsorption to tooth and mucosa's surfaces 11 . (bvsalud.org)
Selective1
- They consist of a selective medium for the preferred adsorption of methane and ethane over hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
Groundwater2
- A fluidized bed adsorption bioreactor is examined here for the treatment of groundwater contaminated at low concentrations. (dren.mil)
- The distribution of V concentrations in groundwater samples suggests that significant sources of V are mafic and andesitic rock. (usgs.gov)
Vapor2
- Threshold poison vapor concentrations, where effect of the poison vapors on the sensor is minimal, were determined experimentally. (cdc.gov)
- These results physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for provide evidence that nasal CYP metabolism of naphthalene contributes to URT scrubbing of this vapor and is also involved in nasal vapor uptake and disposition have been developed but the concentration dependence of uptake that is observed. (cdc.gov)
Ratios1
- In this study, we provided the concentrations and isotope ratios of dissolved Mo and W in the oceans (the North Pacific and Indian Oceans), marginal seas (the East China Sea and Sea of Japan), and a river-estuary system in Japan (from the Uji-Yodo rivers to Osaka Bay). (frontiersin.org)
10001
- The FCS is applied only once, at a maximum use rate of 4L on Neo-Pure® per 1 metric ton (1000 kg) of seeds or nuts to yield the above-listed concentrations on seeds/nuts. (fda.gov)
Membrane2
- IgG protein transmission was measured to demonstrate differences in protein adsorption among membrane types. (biopharminternational.com)
- This adsorption provokes an osmotic imbalance between the bacterial cytoplasm and the external medium, causing an increase of the bacterial membrane permeability. (bvsalud.org)
Process5
- The results demonstrated that the EC/PS adsorption coupling method achieved a reduction of 94% UED and UEMD compared with EC process. (iwaponline.com)
- The reduction in the TCE concentration in the sorbent during each round indicated that it was being remediated by the microbiological process. (dren.mil)
- Based on the values of entropy changes (ΔS) (50.04 J/mol k), the enthalpy changes (ΔH) (9.26 kJ/mol), and the negative Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG), the adsorption process was endothermic, random, and spontaneous. (researchsquare.com)
- The exact nature of the bonding depends on the details of the species involved, but the adsorption process is generally classified as physisorption (characteristic of weak van der Waals forces ) or chemisorption (characteristic of covalent bonding). (wikipedia.org)
- The ANN is one of the data based non-traditional tools for modeling of the adsorption process. (scialert.net)
Sediment2
- Known quantities of soil/sediment samples were brought into contact with known volumes of aqueous solutions of test substance at known concentrations in Pyrex screw-cap glass test tubes. (europa.eu)
- Triplicate blank samples containing 10 ml of the aqueous 14C-test solution in each test tube with no soil or sediment were included to determine if adsorption of THPS to the test containers would occur. (europa.eu)
Physical2
- The physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared PACs were investigated by BET adsorption, SEM, and FT-IR. (hindawi.com)
- The self-assembly of such brushes is achieved via the directed physical adsorption and subsequent UV immobilization of block copolymers equipped with a short, photo-reactive benzophenone-based anchor block. (fu-berlin.de)
10.22
Surface tension1
- Like surface tension , adsorption is a consequence of surface energy . (wikipedia.org)
Species2
- [5] [6] The nature of the adsorption can affect the structure of the adsorbed species. (wikipedia.org)
- AML (amlodipine, editorial remark) shows significant chronic toxicity to aquatic species and has potential to inhibit the microbial activity of activated sludge at high concentrations. (janusinfo.se)
Protein4
- Therefore, this engineered protein adsorption approach allows for the facile preparation of tunable, quantifiable, and reproducible surfaces for in vitro studies of cell-ligand interactions and for potential application as coatings on neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
- Compared to other methods, the main advantage of near-infrared measurements is the possibility to differentiate between soils or soil components (carbohydrates, fats and protein) at very low concentrations. (degruyter.com)
- Each disc was challenged with 60 mL protein solution at 100 μg/mL concentration. (biopharminternational.com)
- 4. Laboratories have resorted to using al- ity at high protein concentrations. (who.int)
Spontaneous1
- The negative value of deltaG0 indicates the feasibility and spontaneous nature of adsorption. (unboundmedicine.com)
Optimum1
- The pH of optimum adsorption was determined as 5. (hindawi.com)
Serum2
- In this study we examine demographic, behavioral, dietary, and occupational characteristics of Anniston survey participants as predictors of serum PCB concentrations. (cdc.gov)
- Statistically significant positive associations were observed between serum PCB concentrations and age, race, residential variables, current smoking, and local fish consumption, as was a negative association with education level. (cdc.gov)
Catalyst3
- More basic medium adsorption is more favourable than degradation, which decreases the reusability of the catalyst. (ias.ac.in)
- The concentration range of the poison vapors was varied from 3,000 to 0.1 Ppb (v/v). Three siloxane vapors produced strong catalyst poison effect followed by tributyl phosphate, hydrogen sulfide , and monobromotrifluoromethane for the high concentration level of the poison vapors. (cdc.gov)
- Experimental studies were made further for a prevention method of catalyst poison by adsorption techniques. (cdc.gov)
High6
- Of these samples, high (≥50 µg/L) and moderate (25 to 49 µg/L) V concentrations were most frequently detected in regions where both source rock and favorable geochemical conditions occurred. (usgs.gov)
- Experimental results indicated that adsorption of Sr(II) was highly pH dependent and strontium removal at relatively high at pH 5 for BA-HAp and pH 6 for ES. (scialert.net)
- However, the Mo concentration and δ 98/95 Mo showed high anomalies above the mixing line of river water and seawater in the lower Yodo River and Osaka Bay, implying possible anthropogenic pollution of Mo in the metropolitan area. (frontiersin.org)
- Concentration levels of other BTEX are relatively high as well. (who.int)
- At high component concentrations this is not a concern, but this is especially critical where a desired component is present in very low concentration. (biopharminternational.com)
- Thus, the concentration dependence of volatility and high lipophilicity of naphthalene. (cdc.gov)
Neural1
- These studies are limited in the literature although there is no study about the artificial neural networks was used for modeling of adsorption of Sr(II) from aqueous solutions by eggshell and bone ash. (scialert.net)
Measurement1
- This test method is specific to the measurement of surface area by gas adsorption by krypton gas adsorption. (astm.org)
Test substance2
- This toxicity was the reason for testing at an initial test compound concentration of 1.0 mg/L). The test substance was biodegraded by 77% at Day 28 in the Closed Bottle test. (europa.eu)
- Silica gel was added in the study setup to reduce the concentration of test substance in the water phase, thereby reducing its toxicity. (europa.eu)
Soil2
- Thereafter, the calibration models developed were externally validated with samples of known concentrations of these soil components. (degruyter.com)
- The results of calibration and evaluation show that it is generally possible to measure very low concentrations of soil components in dishwashing liquor. (degruyter.com)
Compounds2
- However, it is necessary to functionalize the surfaces of these resonators to enhance the adsorption and discrimination of volatile organic compounds. (researchgate.net)
- Experiments conducted using various concentrations of five volatile organic compounds possessing different polarities demonstrated that the hydrophobin coating enhanced the responsivity of the proposed sensor. (researchgate.net)
Effects3
- In this study, NIOSH investigated the effects of adsorption artifact on diesel particulate matter samples from occupational settings. (cdc.gov)
- The effects of pH, initial metal ion concentration and contact time were studied at 27ºC. (academicjournals.org)
- Although dental market exhibits chlorhexidine mouthwashes at 2% concentration, the use of 0.12% concentration products are the most indicated, because, at this concentration the side-effects of the most concentrated solutions are decreased, therefore, maintaining the efficacy against the microorganisms 13 . (bvsalud.org)