• In terms of taxonomic distribution, the most common biominerals are the phosphate and carbonate salts of calcium that are used in conjunction with organic polymers such as collagen and chitin to give structural support to bones and shells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among animals, biominerals composed of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or silica perform a variety of roles such as support, defense, and feeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fifty percent of plasma calcium is ionized, 40% is bound to proteins (90% of which binds to albumin), and 10% circulates bound to anions (eg, phosphate, carbonate, citrate, lactate, sulfate). (medscape.com)
  • For example, the presence of calcium during struvite precipitation can decrease mineral purity by co-precipitating calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate minerals with struvite. (rsc.org)
  • The developed process achieves around 70% phosphorus recovery as an industrial-grade (19 wt% P) dicalcium phosphate dihydrate product with minimal iron, magnesium, and aluminum contamination, while also producing value-added calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) and iron/magnesium byproducts. (rsc.org)
  • If compared with other types of bioceramics (such as alumina, zirconia, calcium silicates, calcium sulfate, etc.), the main feature and superiority of CaPO 4 is based on their chemical similarity to the composition of calcified tissues of mammals (bones, teeth, and deer antlers) and the need for versatile and risk-free bone substitute biomaterials immediately available without the constraint of bone grafts. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Indeed, in a study originally aimed to show that the bonding phenomenon is chemical in nature, surface topography changes in the micrometer range were observed in hydroxyapatite ceramic implants, suggesting that micromechanical interlocking contributed to the bonding mechanism [8]. (toysis.pics)
  • 2 The phosphate rock is converted to phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) which is used to produce phosphate fertilizers. (rsc.org)
  • The main role of phosphate supplements is to deliver soluble and bioavailable phosphorus to plants and livestock as crop fertilizers or animal feed additives. (rsc.org)
  • 6 Thus, P recovery from the most concentrated waste streams that comprise domestic wastewater, such as human urine and anaerobic digester sidestreams, 7,8 would provide an alternative to phosphate rock fertilizers while having the important benefits of decreasing nutrient loading to receiving waters and reducing operational problems caused by mineral scaling at wastewater treatment plants. (rsc.org)
  • Some physicochemical characteristics influence the erosivity of food like the type of acid, pH, titratable acidity, chelating potential, calcium and phosphate concentration, temperature and adhesion 4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The total calcium concentration in the plasma is 4.5-5.1 mEq/L (9-10.2 mg/dL). (medscape.com)
  • Clinical signs and symptoms are observed only with decreases in ionized calcium concentration (normally 4.5-5.5 mg/dL). (medscape.com)
  • The method of growing a biopolymer material employs incubation of a growth media comprised of nutritive substrate and a fungus in containers that are placed in a closed incubation chamber with air flows passed over each container while the chamber is maintained with a predetermined environment of humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide and oxygen. (justia.com)
  • Nanocrystalline and nanostructured TiO2-Cr2O3 thin films and powders were prepared by a facile and straightforward aqueous particulate sol-gel route at low temperature of 400°C. The prepared sols showed a narrow particle size distribution with hydrodynamic diameter in the range of 17.7 nm to 19.0 nm. (sharif.edu)
  • In general, bioceramics comprise various polycrystalline materials, amorphous materials (glasses), and blends thereof (glass-ceramics). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Phosphorus supplements are usually produced from high-grade phosphate rock concentrates (28-40 wt% P 2 O 5 ). (rsc.org)
  • Recovery of phosphorus (P) from various types of wastewater has been proposed as a more sustainable alternative to phosphate rock mining due to concerns about the finite supply of phosphate rock, economic scarcity of phosphate, and the critical need for P in agriculture and food production. (rsc.org)
  • The process combines leaching using dilute sulfuric acid (0.29 M) and selective precipitation using calcium oxide. (rsc.org)
  • Hybrid anion exchange resin containing hydrous ferric oxide (HAIX-Fe) was used in column tests to remove phosphate (PO 4 ) from fresh urine, hydrolyzed urine, and anaerobic digester filtrate, and subsequently recover PO 4 as struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O) or potassium struvite (MgKPO 4 ·6H 2 O) via precipitation in the spent regenerant. (rsc.org)
  • Calcium is necessary for bone mineralization and is an important cofactor for hormonal secretion in endocrine organs. (medscape.com)
  • PTH stimulates osteoclastic bone reabsorption and distal tubular calcium reabsorption and mediates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH] 2 D) intestinal calcium absorption. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] Vitamin D stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium, regulates PTH release by the chief cells, and mediates PTH-stimulated bone reabsorption. (medscape.com)
  • Calcitonin lowers calcium by targeting bone, renal, and GI losses. (medscape.com)
  • 7. A kit comprising the spin-plate of claim 1 , and a bone screw, and a spinal cage , wherein said spinal cage is suitable to be implanted in a patient alone, or with said spin-plate assembled to said spinal cage , or with said bone screw, or with both said spin-plate assembled to said spinal cage and said bone screw. (patentcut.com)
  • Moreover, hydrophilic monomers commonly present in self-etch formulations such as the 2-hydroxyl methacrylate (HEMA) and the 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) may experience hydrolysis prior to their clinical application when still inside the adhesive vial. (sagepub.com)
  • In this study, we develop an integrated process for the direct recovery and separation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate for fertilizer and livestock feed additive production from a low-grade (2.0 wt% P) iron-rich (19.7 wt% Fe) phosphate ore. (rsc.org)
  • In the wet phosphoric acid process, the phosphate rock is reacted with sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), producing gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) and aqueous phosphoric acid (reaction (1) ). (rsc.org)
  • Stable nanoparticles in the size range of 123 to 350 nm were formed at over a wide molar mixing ratios of CHI/ML solutions (amino group/phosphate group) (NH(3) (+)/PO(3) (-)) and total polyelectrolyte (PE) concentrations (0.1 to 1 wt%) except at intermediate molar ratios when the surface charge was close to neutrality. (gmp-chitosan.com)
  • The family of graphene materials comprises a wide range of two-dimensional (2D) carbon nanostructures in the form of sheets that differ from each other by the particularities derived from the production method or by the innumerable functionalizations that can be performed after its obtaining. (graphenemex.com)
  • Most previous studies on the adoption of low-grade phosphate ores have focussed on ore beneficiation processes which are expensive, complex, and in some cases inefficient. (rsc.org)
  • Ionized calcium is the necessary plasma fraction for normal physiologic processes. (medscape.com)
  • An estab- lished biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydroxyapatite: Structure and properties. (dokumen.pub)
  • 1,4-6 The P 2 O 5 grade, mineral form, and calcium content of these products are critical for their effective performance in their target applications and their market value. (rsc.org)
  • Especially, pH, titratable acidity and calcium content are the most important features for determining the erosive potential of a product 4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • At the cellular level, calcium is an important regulator of ion transport and membrane integrity. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, the ionization of acidic monomers allows calcium ion chelation and collagen fiber hybridization, which are important adhesion mechanisms in dental bonding [3]. (sagepub.com)
  • 40% P 2 O 5 ), while livestock feed additives are usually in the form of dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO 4 ), monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ), or defluorinated phosphate (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ). (rsc.org)
  • The family of graphene materials comprises a wide range of two-dimensional (2D) carbon nanostructures in the form of sheets that differ from each other by the particularities derived from the production method or by the innumerable functionalizations that can be performed after its obtaining. (graphenemex.com)
  • Approximately 500 mg of calcium is removed from the bones daily and replaced by an equal amount. (medscape.com)
  • Normally, the amount of calcium absorbed by the intestines is matched by urinary calcium excretion. (medscape.com)
  • The porous ceramic granules comprise hydroxyapatite in an amount of about 8 to about 22 wt. (justia.com)
  • and beta-tricalcium phosphate in an amount of about 78 to about 92 wt. (justia.com)
  • The chromatin histones can be modified covalently through attachment of acetyl, methyl, phosphate, or ubiquitin groups, and the DNA bases can be variously opened to nucleoplasm by nonhistone proteins and subjected to methylation or other modifications. (medquizzes.net)
  • Investigation of the interaction the parenchymal cells of these musculoskeletal tissues with collagen-GAG matrices in vitro revealed that the collagen type comprising the analog can regulate the phenotypic behavior of these musculoskeletal cells. (mrs.org)
  • An established biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The behavior of meniscus cells is influenced by the collagen comprising the matrix in which they are seeded. (mrs.org)
  • On the other hand, a slight decrease in calcium stimulates the chief cells of the parathyroid gland to secrete PTH. (medscape.com)
  • On occasion, severe hypocalcemia may result in seizures, tetany, refractory hypotension, or arrhythmias that require a more aggressive approach, including intravenous infusions of calcium. (medscape.com)
  • These results suggest that MC delivery via microvesicles can mediate gene transfer to an extent that enables effective prodrug conversion and tumor cell death such that it comprises a promising approach to cancer therapy. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • A 70-kg person has approximately 1.2 kg of calcium in the body, more than 99% of which is stored as hydroxyapatite in bones. (medscape.com)
  • a phylum of invertebrate marine animals, evolved from deuterostome coelomates , each organism with a skeleton of calcium plates, and a coelom (body cavity), containing a water-vascular system of fluid-filled vessels. (emergentearth.com)