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RNANucleic Acid ConformationBase SequenceNucleic Acid HybridizationRNA, MessengerMolecular Sequence DataDNARNA, Small InterferingRNA, ViralRNA, Transfer, LysRNA EditingRNA SplicingGene Transfer TechniquesRNA, RibosomalRNA, BacterialRNA, TransferDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesRNA InterferenceRNA VirusesGene Transfer, HorizontalEmbryo TransferRNA, Double-StrandedRNA, CatalyticRNA Polymerase IIRNA FoldingLysineRNA, FungalAmino Acid SequenceRNA HelicasesRNA StabilityRNA, AntisenseRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalTransfer (Psychology)RNA, Small NuclearRNA PrecursorsFluorescence Resonance Energy TransferRNA, UntranslatedEscherichia coliRNA CapsModels, MolecularMutationBinding SitesSequence Analysis, RNAAdoptive TransferRNA, PlantGenetic VectorsRNA, ProtozoanPatient TransferPhospholipid Transfer ProteinsPlasmidsRNA, NeoplasmProtein BindingRNA Ligase (ATP)Cell LineKineticsTransfer FactorDEAD-box RNA HelicasesConjugation, GeneticRNA Polymerase IIIElectron TransportCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsNuclear Transfer TechniquesMutagenesis, Site-DirectedRNA Polymerase IRNA, NuclearRNA, GuideRNA, Ribosomal, 28SProtein Structure, TertiaryTendon TransferRNA-Binding ProteinsGenetic TherapyProtein ConformationRNA, Ribosomal, 18SBacterial ProteinsRecombinant ProteinsTranscription, GeneticRNA, Ribosomal, 23STransfectionDNA PrimersSubstrate SpecificityRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Homology, Amino AcidRNA, Transfer, Amino AcylAdenoviridaeRNA TransportProtein BiosynthesisVirus ReplicationCarrier ProteinsHeLa CellsRNA, Spliced LeaderRNA, SatellitePhylogenyRNA, ArchaealCells, CulturedSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCrystallography, X-RayStructure-Activity RelationshipGene ExpressionTime FactorsCell Nucleus
ViralTRNALysineMethionineBacterialPolymeraseNucleic acidsMRNAUracilMoleculesInteractionsGenomeRISCGenomicProteinsTranscriptTRNAsCellularSecondary structureMicroRNAImmunoprecipitationRegulateGeneYieldTissuePurificationBiomarkersBacteriaMRNAsCytoplasmPhagePhenotypeStrandEnzymeVirusesStructuralSmallHumanMolecularCellsGenesProtein complexTargetTotalElectronDataConditionsLarge
Viral13
  • vRNA, viral RNA. (nature.com)
  • Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. (proteopedia.org)
  • Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. (proteopedia.org)
  • Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. (proteopedia.org)
  • A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. (proteopedia.org)
  • The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. (proteopedia.org)
  • This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. (proteopedia.org)
  • The large range of a dedicated QIAsymphony kits enables optimized purification of genomic DNA, cell-free circulating DNA, RNA, bacterial and viral nucleic acids from a wide range of starting materials. (qiagen.com)
  • HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein and the secondary structure of the binary complex formed between tRNA(Lys.3) and viral RNA template play different roles during initiation of (-) strand DNA reverse transcription. (neb.com)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) directs specific initiation of minus-strand DNA synthesis primed by human tRNA(Lys3) in vitro: studies of viral RNA molecules mutated in regions that flank the primer binding site. (neb.com)
  • The strains of the 1957 Asian the release of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes through and 1968 Hong Kong pandemics had HAs derived from an membrane fusion. (cdc.gov)
  • During the lytic phase, the host cell's machinery is co-opted to express the viral DNA or RNA. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The lytic cycle is a phase of viral reproduction wherein a virus infects a host cell, utilizes the cell's machinery to replicate, and subsequently causes the cell to burst (lyse), releasing new virions to infect other cells. (microbiologynote.com)
TRNA5
  • RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. (proteopedia.org)
  • The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. (proteopedia.org)
  • Structural and functional properties of the HIV-1 RNA-tRNA(Lys)3 primer complex annealed by the nucleocapsid protein: comparison with the heat-annealed complex. (neb.com)
  • Clindamycin inhibits bacterial growth, possibly by blocking dissociation of peptidyl transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) from ribosomes, causing RNA-dependent protein synthesis to arrest. (medscape.com)
  • Crystal Structure of the Human tRNA m(1)A58 Methyltransferase-tRNA(3)(Lys) Complex: Refolding of Substrate tRNA Allows Access to the Methylation Target. (ucsf.edu)
Lysine1
  • Biochemical activity of cytochrome c oxidase was at the lower limit of the normal range of values, and an adenine to guanine transition mutation at nucleotide 8344 in the transfer RNA specific for lysine of mitochondrial DNA was detected in both cases. (nih.gov)
Methionine2
  • Histone methyltransferase that catalyzes methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4) via a non-processive mechanism (PubMed:25561738, PubMed:17355966). (icr.ac.uk)
  • The DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family of enzymes transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) to the 5‚Äô carbon of cytosine in a molecule of DNA. (hmdb.ca)
Bacterial2
  • Linezolid prevents the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex, which is essential for the bacterial translation process. (medscape.com)
  • RNeasy Protect Mini Kits enable stabilization of RNA in tissue samples, RNA and DNA in sorted or cultured cells, RNA in human saliva samples and RNA in bacterial samples. (qiagen.com)
Polymerase3
  • This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. (proteopedia.org)
  • RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). (proteopedia.org)
  • Interacts (via the RRM domain) with hyperphosphorylated C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A) only in the presence of WDR82 (PubMed:17998332). (icr.ac.uk)
Nucleic acids2
  • To extract DNA, RNA or total nucleic acids from samples - such as blood, cultured cells, microbes, soil, or plant and animal tissues - the samples undergo a varying set of manipulations, depending on the sample and downstream application. (integra-biosciences.com)
  • Although you would be able to extract nucleic acids from non-complex samples - such as Gram-positive bacteria - with this method, it is no longer used because PCR inhibitors are co-extracted, and buffer substances (e.g. (integra-biosciences.com)
MRNA3
  • MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of functional small RNA that target mRNA to affect their abundance and translational efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inability to transcribe mRNA during this stage of development and the probable necessity for post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) suggests an important role for non-coding RNA in the maturing oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The single-stranded mature miRNA can then associate with an Argonaute protein, which mediates its function of mRNA regulation through direct mRNA target cleavage or interactions with associated RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) proteins [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Uracil2
  • Cytosine is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). (hmdb.ca)
  • adenine (A) - A nitrogenous base that occurs in DNA and RNA nucleotides and pairs with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA) through two hydrogen bonds. (rcsb.org)
Molecules1
  • Degradation of a protein via the ubiquitin pathway proceeds by two discrete and successive steps: (a) covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrate, and (b) degradation of the targeted protein by the 26S proteasome complex. (justia.com)
Interactions3
  • This study aims to reveal the mechanisms of miRNA-RNA interactions in nucleus and cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, it has become increasingly important to develop biochemical tools based on physical interactions between miRNAs and their specific target RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are ideal for the study of complex physiological interactions, cell signaling, and host pathogen defense. (jove.com)
Genome2
  • RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. (proteopedia.org)
  • All four islands had markedly different GC profiles than the rest of the genome, indicating that all of these islands were acquired via lateral gene transfer. (springeropen.com)
RISC1
  • The double-stranded RNA duplex leads RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), containing a member of the conserved Argonaute (Ago) protein family, to target sites of mRNAs, resulting in the destabilization of the mRNAs and/or inhibition of translation [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomic4
  • POL_HV1B5 Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. (proteopedia.org)
  • At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
  • Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. (proteopedia.org)
  • Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. (proteopedia.org)
Proteins7
  • Immunoprecipitation of intact protein complexes (i.e. antigen along with any proteins or ligands that are bound to it) is known as co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). (wikipedia.org)
  • Co-IP works by selecting an antibody that targets a known protein that is believed to be a member of a larger complex of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • This works when the proteins involved in the complex bind to each other tightly, making it possible to pull multiple members of the complex out of the solution by latching onto one member with an antibody. (wikipedia.org)
  • A particular antibody often selects for a subpopulation of its target protein that has the epitope exposed, thus failing to identify any proteins in complexes that hide the epitope. (wikipedia.org)
  • The identified proteins may not ever exist in a single complex at a given time, but may instead represent a network of proteins interacting with one another at different times for different purposes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The purified protein-DNA complexes are then heated to reverse the formaldehyde cross-linking of the protein and DNA complexes, allowing the DNA to be separated from the proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The UGT1 family constitutes a complex gene locus on human chromosome 2q37 and comprises 13 first exons that encode the unique N-terminal domains of the UGT1A proteins and exons 2 to 5 that encode the C-terminal domain, which is identical in all UGT1A family members ( Owens and Ritter, 1992 ). (aspetjournals.org)
Transcript1
  • We hypothesized that the non-coding RNAs transcript may serve as susceptibility to disease biomarkers by smoking and vaping. (researchsquare.com)
TRNAs1
  • The multisubunit RNA polymerases (Pols) II and III synthesize mainly eukaryotic mRNAs and tRNAs, respectively. (cipsm.de)
Cellular1
  • By using an antibody that is specific to a putative DNA binding protein, one can immunoprecipitate the protein-DNA complex out of cellular lysates. (wikipedia.org)
Secondary structure1
  • However, the desired nucleotides must be incorporated into a long DNA with complex secondary structure from which they would need to be cleaved as a second step. (nature.com)
MicroRNA1
  • Of particular interest is understanding the role of non-coding RNA in regulating meiotic checkpoints in the oocyte, particularly that of microRNA-21 (MIR21). (biomedcentral.com)
Immunoprecipitation3
  • By repeating the immunoprecipitation in this way, the researcher verifies that each identified member of the protein complex was a valid identification. (wikipedia.org)
  • At this point the immunoprecipitation is performed resulting in the purification of protein-DNA complexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, the miRNAs and their target mRNAs in the Argonaute2 (Ago2) complex of nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of RNAs isolated by crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP). (biomedcentral.com)
Regulate1
  • Similar modes of interaction enable Trailer Hitch and Upf1, regulate RNA how do you get tamiflu degradation and one that is complementary to a crRNA with a white line and intensity profiles of each mutant was determined by dividing the number of different mutations to appear at 8 h time point following challenge by Cas9 bearing different sgRNAs. (dotkumo.com)
Gene4
  • Each ssDNA is encoded by a gene that is transcribed into non-coding RNA containing a 3′-hairpin (HTBS). (nature.com)
  • The target mRNAs in the Argonaute2 (Ago2) complex of nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells were analyzed through Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The RNA-stabilizing properties of RNAprotect Tissue Reagent prevent gene induction or down-regulation triggered by sample manipulation allowing you to preserve and analyze the gene expression profile. (qiagen.com)
  • For all analytes in RNA and proteomic data, respectively, we found a total of 7441 and 7343 potential biomarker associations for gene-centric pathways, 3020 and 2950 for classical pathways, and 24,349 and 6742 for individual genes. (researchgate.net)
Yield2
  • To extract a sufficient yield of high quality, purified RNA or DNA for your downstream applications, you have to find the best extraction method (or combination of methods) for your sample type. (integra-biosciences.com)
  • Digestion of whole blood samples from some animal species with high hemoglobin content (e.g. guinea pig) may lead to the accumulation of insoluble hemoglobin complexes that stain and clog the membrane, leading to reduced yield and purity. (neb.com)
Tissue2
  • Furthermore, conventional RNA and DNA extraction methods are not suitable for tough-to-lyse samples (e.g. yeast, human specimen, animal tissue or plant material), which require both chemical and physical cell lysis steps. (integra-biosciences.com)
  • In large tissue pieces, nucleases will destroy the DNA before the Proteinase K can lyse the tissue and release the DNA. (neb.com)
Purification3
  • For fully automated DNA/RNA purification from a broad range of samples with varying input volumes, with the QIAsymphony SP, and integrated assay set up with the QIAsymphony AS. (qiagen.com)
  • 2 Due to a lack of purification steps, this method also results in low purity, and cannot efficiently remove PCR inhibitors from complex matrices. (integra-biosciences.com)
  • The RNeasy Protect Cell Mini Kit provides the RNeasy Plus Mini Kit for purification of total RNA. (qiagen.com)
Biomarkers1
  • We assessed their associations with tumor type and survival in comparison with the previous generation of molecular pathway biomarkers (3022 "classical" pathways) and with the RNA transcripts or proteomic profiles of individual genes, for 8141 and 1117 samples, respectively. (researchgate.net)
Bacteria2
  • The RNeasy Protect Mini Kit and Bacteria Mini Kit include RNeasy spin columns for purifying up to 100 µg of high-quality RNA using silica-membrane technology. (qiagen.com)
  • Bacteria are able to transfer genetic material to another bacterium. (pbworks.com)
MRNAs1
  • The analysis of miRNA targetome from the Ago2 complexes indicated that a lot of mRNAs with high expression level existed in nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytoplasm1
  • The target genes of miRNAs in the Ago2 complexes of nucleus and cytoplasm played important roles in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, innate immune response and tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Phage2
  • Fixed and live visualization of RNAs and PCR amplified region and these coordinates were translated to the WT phage or phages with mutations in the pole cells at nc10-11 (H). To distinguish between these possibilities, we tested led to mutations in target regions (Figs 6E and S12B). (dotkumo.com)
  • Transduction is DNA transfer occurs via a phage. (pbworks.com)
Phenotype1
Strand3
  • This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. (proteopedia.org)
  • RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. (proteopedia.org)
  • The effect of mutations in the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein on strand transfer in cell-free reverse transcription reactions. (neb.com)
Enzyme1
  • A Single Mutation Traps a Half-Sites Reactive Enzyme in Midstream, Explaining Asymmetry in Hydride Transfer. (ucsf.edu)
Viruses2
  • Some viruses carry DNA and others have RNA. (pbworks.com)
  • The Although all 8 RNA segments of the Spanish influenza factors that determine the interspecies transmission and virus have been sequenced, these sequences offer no pathogenicity of influenza viruses are still poorly under- explanation for the high virulence. (cdc.gov)
Structural2
  • Structural basis for methylarginine-dependent recognition of short guide RNAs. (dotkumo.com)
  • Serum expressed against structural Pso online artificial photosynthesis 2016 1 time with young Der connection 1 and increased Pso 5log1+t+bi1t+bi0+ε 1 to transfer estimated to the replacement of P. Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, Scotland. (scoutconnection.com)
Small1
  • As reported, miR-25 and miR-92a show clear nuclear enrichment in rat primary cortical neurons by using a combination of microarray analysis and small RNA deep sequencing [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Human2
  • Manual pipetting steps prone to human error are eliminated, making this system ideal for laboratories that perform complex assays on a day-to-day basis. (qiagen.com)
  • between human and avian virus strains or through the direct transfer of an avian influenza virus to humans. (cdc.gov)
Molecular1
  • Nucleic acid extraction (NAE) is the initial step for many molecular biology applications, so one of the first questions you have to answer when setting up a lab is what kind of RNA and DNA extraction method to use. (integra-biosciences.com)
Cells2
  • Maturation of the mammalian oocyte is a complex process involving internal checkpoints and bidirectional communication with the surrounding cumulus cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wash the cells and lyse the cells with 100 microliter of Buffer A. 2. (baumaschinen-knell.de)
Genes2
  • Pathogenesis of both species is complex, and while some virulence factor genes have been implicated, the mechanisms underlying V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus virulence are not well understood (Broberg et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor E2F6, a member of the polycomb repressive complex 1.6 (PRC1.6), is critical to target and initiate epigenetic silencing at germline genes in early embryogenesis. (cnrs.fr)
Protein complex3
  • The described multiplexed proteomics approach is generic and reveals that it is possible to map a protein complex to near completion while applying less than 5 μg (approximately 10 pmol) of total starting material. (cipsm.de)
  • By targeting this known member with an antibody it may become possible to pull the entire protein complex out of solution and thereby identify unknown members of the complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Repeating the experiment by targeting different members of the protein complex allows the researcher to double-check the result. (wikipedia.org)
Target1
  • Melted agar and H2O mixture containing phages was transferred to a nucleic acid target that is complementary to a. (dotkumo.com)
Total1
  • The RNeasy Protect Saliva Mini Kit includes the RNeasy Micro Kit, which purifies and concentrates total RNA using specialized RNeasy MinElute spin columns. (qiagen.com)
Electron1
  • Here we analyzed both yeast Pol II and Pol III by multiplexed mass spectrometric analysis using various proteases and both collision induced and electron transfer dissociation. (cipsm.de)
Data2
  • The cumulative data obtained from using the various proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, Glu-C and Lys-C) and the two peptide fragmentation approaches allowed us to map nearly the complete sequences of all constituents of both Pol II and III. (cipsm.de)
  • Individual data points and the supernatant was transferred to a subset of these puncta are spatially separated from nos and CycB, there is a wobble base position in the coding region of a pre-crRNA targeting the region of. (dotkumo.com)
Conditions1
  • The methodology includes the transfer of models to areas where similar conditions prevail. (researchgate.net)
Large1
  • Within some PAIs there is evidence of one large transfer event, while other PAIs are more "mosaic-like. (springeropen.com)