Complex sugar molecule complex sugars in human milk mother. Medical search. Frequent questions

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) form the third most abundant solid component (dissolved or emulsified or suspended in water) of human milk, after lactose and fat. (wikipedia.org)
Today, through precise fermentation from dairy lactose, bio-identical HMO delivers all the benefits without any actual human milk in the product. (optimoz.com.au)
After lactose and fats, these sugars are the third most abundant component in human milk. (optimoz.com.au)
All milk contains the sugar lactose, but breast milk also contains more than 200 human milk oligosaccharides. (medela.ca)
Unlike the milk sugar lactose, which is digested in the small intestine and provides energy for infant growth and development, milk oligosaccharides are generally intact when they reach the large intestine. (milkgenomics.org)
Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns , containing fat, protein, carbohydrates ( lactose and human milk oligosaccharides ) and variable minerals and vitamins. (wikipedia.org)
And there's another sugar called galactose , which joins with glucose to create lactose, or milk sugar. (hiking-for-her.com)
People who are lactose intolerant do not have enough lactase, an enzyme that breaks down milk sugar (lactose) into smaller molecules that the body can break down further and absorb through the intestine. (epiphanyasd.com)

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), also known as human milk glycans, are short polymers of simple sugars that can be found in high concentrations in human breast milk. (wikipedia.org)
Human milk oligosaccharides promote the development of the immune system, can reduce the risk of pathogen infections and improve brain development and cognition. (wikipedia.org)
Milk oligosaccharides seem to be more abundant in humans than in other animals and to be more complex and varied. (wikipedia.org)
Oligosaccharides in primate milk are generally more complex and diverse than in non-primates. (wikipedia.org)
Approximately 200 structurally different human milk oligosaccharides are known, and they can be categorized into fucosylated, sialylated and neutral core HMOs. (wikipedia.org)
The composition of human milk oligosaccharides in breast milk is individual to each mother and varies over the period of lactation. (wikipedia.org)
Bio-identical Human Milk Oligosaccharides. (optimoz.com.au)
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a super prebiotic occurring naturally in mother's milk. (optimoz.com.au)
Scientists have identified over 200 different complex sugar molecules, known as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), in humans. (optimoz.com.au)
Both human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and prebiotic oligosaccharides (PBOs) belong to the large class of carbohydrates, but they have com-pletely different structures. (optimoz.com.au)
Human Milk Oligosaccharides have been growing in popularity in human nutrition since 2015. (optimoz.com.au)
There's nowhere near this number of oligosaccharides in cow's milk or formula, and researchers are still working out their roles. (medela.ca)
MilkOligoDB can be used to understand the biological significance of human milk oligosaccharides and potentially to identify milk sources for infant formula oligosaccharide supplementation. (milkgenomics.org)
The scientific literature on mammalian milk oligosaccharides just got a glow up thanks to a team of milk and food scientists from University of California-Davis and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. (milkgenomics.org)
MilkOligoDB [1] brings together 50 years of research results on milk oligosaccharides from nearly 80 mammal species. (milkgenomics.org)
The team standardized the available data on milk oligosaccharides and transformed them into a searchable and open access database-no easy feat considering the sheer number of oligosaccharides in mammalian milks and the heterogeneity of data reporting on their identification and concentration. (milkgenomics.org)
Necessity drives invention, so it shouldn't be surprising that the team that created MilkOligoDB includes researchers interested in understanding how other mammals' milks compare with human milk in types and quantities of oligosaccharides. (milkgenomics.org)
Of particular interest to the team was the identification of nonhuman milks that could be a source of oligosaccharides for supplementing human infant formula. (milkgenomics.org)
Oligosaccharides are complex carbohydrates made from between three and twenty single sugar molecules. (milkgenomics.org)
Some human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are also doppelgängers for sugars found on the surface of gut epithelial cells. (milkgenomics.org)
For reference, researchers have identified over 300 different oligosaccharides across human mothers, each unique structure associated with a potentially unique function [5]. (milkgenomics.org)
Researchers have also isolated HMOs from human milk for formula supplementation, but this process is also difficult and costly, and only feasible with smaller, less complex oligosaccharides [1]. (milkgenomics.org)
If a researcher is interested in comparing milk oligosaccharide profiles between two different mammal species (or even a group of species), the database transforms their unique and shared carbohydrates into a concept map that clearly labels and color codes oligosaccharides that are shared, and those that are unique to a species [1]. (milkgenomics.org)
Did the concept maps from MilkOligoDB reveal any mammal species that produce milks with oligosaccharides that match the structural features in human milk? (milkgenomics.org)
[22] Many of the infection-fighting and immune system related benefits are associated with human milk oligosaccharides . (wikipedia.org)

The HMO profile of human breast milk shapes the gut microbiota of the infant by selectively stimulating bifidobacteria and other bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to the other components of breast milk that are absorbed by the infant through breastfeeding, HMOs are indigestible for the nursing child. (wikipedia.org)
HMO is naturally found in breast milk and serves as nature's preferred prebiotic. (optimoz.com.au)
What is mature breast milk? (medela.ca)
From around the time your baby is a month old, your breast milk is fully mature. (medela.ca)
Your breast milk starts becoming mature after around two weeks, but it won't be fully mature milk until your baby's about four weeks old. (medela.ca)
1 It's probably no coincidence that this stage of breast milk production coincides with the time she starts grabbing objects and putting them in her mouth. (medela.ca)
Like all stages of breast milk, mature milk is a living fluid. (medela.ca)
Breast milk is made from components that are brought to your breasts in your blood," explains Professor Peter Hartmann, an expert on breast milk production, based at The University of Western Australia. (medela.ca)
Once a mother's breast milk is mature, she will give about the same amount of fat to her baby over a 24-hour period, regardless of how often the baby breastfeeds," he adds. (medela.ca)
Although your baby needs to start eating solids when she's around six months old, breast milk can still make up half her daily calorie intake - alongside other foods - well into her second year. (medela.ca)
So most of the compounds in breast milk that have a nutritive role are also protective in some way. (medela.ca)
It means there's an awful lot of value in breast milk, but it makes things complicated when you're researching it! (medela.ca)
He gives a few examples: alpha-lactalbumin, the major protein in breast milk, has antibacterial properties and helps stimulate your baby's immune system. (medela.ca)
Breast milk (sometimes spelled as breastmilk ) or mother's milk is milk produced by mammary glands located in the breast of a human female . (wikipedia.org)
[ citation needed ] Breast milk also contains substances that help protect an infant against infection and inflammation, whilst also contributing to healthy development of the immune system and gut microbiome. (wikipedia.org)
Two 25-milliliter samples of human breast milk. (wikipedia.org)
[4] [6] Breast milk can also be pumped from the mother using a breast pump and fed by baby bottle , cup and/or spoon, supplementation drip system, or nasogastric tube . (wikipedia.org)
For women who do not produce sufficient amounts of breast milk, donor human breast milk that is pasteurized may be effective. (wikipedia.org)
[9] If pasteurized donor breast milk is not available, commercial formula is suggested as a second alternative. (wikipedia.org)
[9] Breast milk supplied by a woman other than the baby's mother that is not pasteurized and informal breast milk sharing is associated with a risk of transmitting bacteria and viruses from the donor mother to the baby and is not considered a safe alternative. (wikipedia.org)
[21] In addition, feeding an infant breast milk is associated with lower insulin levels and higher leptin levels compared feeding an infant via powdered-formula . (wikipedia.org)
[26] Lactation may protect the infant from specifically developing Type 2 diabetes, as studies have shown that bioactive ingredients in human breast milk could prevent excess weight gain during childhood via contributing to a feeling of energy and satiety. (wikipedia.org)
Though it now is almost universally prescribed, in some countries, in the 1950s the practice of breastfeeding went through a period where it was out of vogue and the use of infant formula was considered superior to breast milk. (wikipedia.org)
[28] However, it is now universally recognized that there is no commercial formula that can substitute breast milk. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to the appropriate amounts of carbohydrate , protein , and fat , breast milk provides vitamins , minerals , digestive enzymes , [29] and hormones . (wikipedia.org)
[29] Breast milk also contains antibodies and lymphocytes from the mother that help the baby resist infections. (wikipedia.org)
[30] The immune function of breast milk is individualized, as the mother, through her touching and taking care of the baby, comes into contact with pathogens that colonize the baby, and, as a consequence, her body makes the appropriate antibodies and immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers and her colleagues were able to use a non-invasive method to capture mammary gland RNA -- a chain of molecules that are blueprints for making specified proteins -- in samples of human breast milk. (sciencedaily.com)
HIV also can also be spread to babies through the breast milk of infected mothers. (digitalnaturopath.com)

With these roadblocks, researchers turned to nonhuman mammal milks as potential sources of biologically active carbohydrates. (milkgenomics.org)
The best way to restrict calories is to focus your diet on greens and vegetables and minimize commercial, refined and processed foods, sugars and carbohydrates. (selfgrowth.com)

For example, research shows that infants fed with formulas that are not based on cow's milk - which are more bitter and sour because of their amino acid content - are more accepting of bitter, sour and savory foods such as vegetables after weaning than those who consume cow milk-based formula . (innerself.com)
Going forward, an increasing number of consumers will be choosing these innovative proteins over conventional cow's milk for reasons such as animal welfare, health, and climate protection. (perfectday.com)
Lees face it: for a company like Starbucks, its current supply of cow's milk is one of the biggest sources of carbon dioxide emissions. (perfectday.com)

Even if we knew exactly what it was made of, and what all those things did (which scientists are still working out), we still wouldn't be able to copy it exactly, because each mother's milk is calibrated to her baby's requirements. (medela.ca)
Mother's milk" redirects here. (wikipedia.org)
For other uses, see Mother's Milk (disambiguation) . (wikipedia.org)

It has been found by numerous studies that the concentration of each individual human milk oligosaccharide changes throughout the different periods of lactation (colostrum, transitional, mature and late milk) and depend on various factors such as the mother's genetic secretor status and length of gestation. (wikipedia.org)
2'-Fucosyllactose is one type of Human Milk Oligosaccharide. (optimoz.com.au)
Be sure to choose the right human milk oligosaccharide supplement for you, whether it is a 2'-FL supplement, or one that is a combination - a 2'-Fucosyllactose, Lacto-N-neotetraose supplement. (optimoz.com.au)
Human Milk Oligosaccharide (HMO) consists of complex sugar molecules. (optimoz.com.au)
The creation of a milk oligosaccharide database (MilkOligoDB) from 77 species of mammals allows researchers to easily make direct comparisons between and among mammalian species. (milkgenomics.org)
Initial comparisons using MilkOligoDB suggest milk oligosaccharide profiles evolved to meet needs of both mothers and infants, with similarities in oligosaccharide profiles across groups of mammals that have similar reproductive strategies, such as the production of immature offspring or long lactation periods. (milkgenomics.org)
Because of this, you wouldn't expect to find a perfect replicate for human milk but rather groups of species with similar oligosaccharide patterns due to similar life history strategies or similar ecological niches. (milkgenomics.org)

We believe mammals initially started secreting milk to protect their young, and the nutritional function evolved later," Professor Hartmann explains. (medela.ca)
Humans are born at an early stage of development compared to other mammals, but during our first six months, our brain mass almost doubles. (medela.ca)

But humans are missing the enzymes needed to process those sugars so they pass through the stomach and into the small intestine, undigested. (optimoz.com.au)

HMOs are present in a concentration of 11.3 - 17.7 g/L (1.5 oz/gal - 2.36 oz/gal) in human milk, depending on lactation stages. (wikipedia.org)
However it is important to note that even this type of infant formula is far from the natural abundance of nearly 200 HMOs present in human milk. (wikipedia.org)
The sugars nourish a very important subspecies of bacteria called Bifidobacterium longum infantis, which then raises the acidity of the substrate as it feeds off of the HMOs. (optimoz.com.au)

The bacteria B. infantis also boosts production of proteins that close gaps between gut cells to keep microbes out of the bloodstream and increases anti-inflammatory molecules that boost the immune system. (optimoz.com.au)
Proteins are complex molecules that play many important roles in our health. (medela.ca)

Sucrose is one glucose molecule combined with one fructose molecule. (hiking-for-her.com)
Eating large amounts of pro-inflammatory junk food (chicken nuggets, french fries, sugar (sucrose and fructose), refined carbohydrate, processed meat etc) is a poor choice for anyone, autistic or not. (epiphanyasd.com)
One of the sugars most responsible for enhancing plaque production from Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus bacteria is sucrose. (medscape.com)

Yes, like fructose (the sweetest of Nature's sugars). (hiking-for-her.com)

Nommsen-Rivers' previous research had shown that for mothers with markers of sub-optimal glucose metabolism, such as being overweight, being at an advanced maternal age, or having a large birth-weight baby, it takes longer for their milk to come in, suggesting a role for insulin in the mammary gland. (sciencedaily.com)
For a long time, insulin was not thought to play a direct role in regulating the milk-making cells of the human breast, because insulin is not needed for these cells to take in sugars, such as glucose. (sciencedaily.com)
Diabetes is a chronic (long term) condition marked by abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. (adam.com)
Hiking energy depends on a steady flow of a sugar called glucose to your muscles, brain, heart and all points in between. (hiking-for-her.com)
For instance, maltose is a molecule composed of two glucose units. (hiking-for-her.com)
Simple carbs are built from single sugar molecules, and glucose would be a great example. (hiking-for-her.com)
Complex carbs are long chains of glucose molecules, implying that they store lots of energy. (hiking-for-her.com)
They are complex carbs because Nature stores glucose in those forms. (hiking-for-her.com)
Your hard working liver can convert most of the fructose and galactose molecules you ingest into glucose. (hiking-for-her.com)

The MMWR series of publications is published by the Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. (cdc.gov)

Other names for fructose include levulose or fruit sugar. (hiking-for-her.com)

7 These complex sugars help create and protect a healthy gut, and develop the immune system. (medela.ca)

Similarly, all milks contain fats, but the blend of fats in mature human milk is uniquely complex. (medela.ca)

Orgain Organic Meal is a plant-based protein powder that has no added sugar (2g total), 7g of Prebiotic+ Fiber, and provides 20g of protein. (reviewjournal.com)
New Age Milk Protein: No Cow's about it! (perfectday.com)
Animal-free milk protein is not dependent on climate or seasonality, limiting carbon footprint and water consumption. (perfectday.com)
These facts are compelling reasons to shift to innovative alternatives such as plant milk and non-animal dairy protein ingredients. (perfectday.com)
So don't look to table sugar, honey, molasses, fruit, or "raw" sugar as a source of nutrients (such as fat, protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, or electrolytes) - but do expect a ready source of energy for your cells on a hike. (hiking-for-her.com)

[24] [25] Lactation may also reduce the risk for both mother and infant from both types of diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
The study is the first to describe how the human mammary gland becomes highly sensitive to insulin during lactation. (sciencedaily.com)
It is also the first study to get an accurate picture of how specific genes are switched on in the human mammary gland during lactation. (sciencedaily.com)
They discovered an orchestrated switching on and off of various genes as the mammary gland transitions from secreting small amounts of immunity-boosting colostrum in the first days after giving birth to the copious production of milk in mature lactation. (sciencedaily.com)

and Obesity and its Effects on Cellular and Physiologic Function in mothers, infants and children. (usda.gov)
[7] For infants who are born early ( preterm birth ) and do not have the ability to suck right away, the use of cups to feed expressed milk and other supplements is reported to result in better breastfeeding extent and duration compared with bottles and tube feeding. (wikipedia.org)
A lower risk of child-onset diabetes may be more applicable to infants who were born from diabetic mothers. (wikipedia.org)
[22] However, it can be argued that human breastfeeding may contribute to protective effects against the development of type 1 diabetes because the alternative of bottle-feeding may expose infants to unhygienic feeding conditions. (wikipedia.org)

The researchers used next generation sequencing technology, RNA sequencing, to reveal "in exquisite detail" the blueprint for making milk in the human mammary gland, according to Laurie Nommsen-Rivers, PhD, RD, IBCLC, a scientist at Cincinnati Children's and corresponding author of the study, published online in PLOS ONE , a journal of the Public Library of Science. (sciencedaily.com)
Now that they've demonstrated the significance of insulin signaling in the human mammary gland, they are planning a phase I/II clinical trial with a drug used to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes to determine whether it improves insulin action in the mammary gland, thus improving milk supply. (sciencedaily.com)

Scientists now, however, appreciate that insulin does more than facilitate uptake of sugars. (sciencedaily.com)
Considering that 20 percent of women between 20 and 44 are prediabetic, it's conceivable that up to 20 percent of new mothers in the United States are at risk for low milk supply due to insulin dysregulation. (sciencedaily.com)
In particular, the PTPRF gene, which is known to suppress intracellular signals that are usually triggered by insulin binding to its receptor on the cell surface, may serve as a biomarker linking insulin resistance with insufficient milk supply. (sciencedaily.com)
Fewer people know that yeast is used to produce not only human-identical insulin for hundreds of millions of diabetics, but also vanillin or rennet for cheese making. (perfectday.com)
People with diabetes either do not produce enough insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy needed for daily life, or cannot use the insulin that their bodies produce. (adam.com)
As a result, the pancreas permanently loses its ability to produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels appropriately. (adam.com)

It prefers to attach to other sugars. (hiking-for-her.com)

While the presence of genes encoding for functional taste receptors in our DNA allows us to detect food molecules , how we respond to these also depends on the unique combination of taste genes we carry. (innerself.com)
Even though the Stone Age occurred in the very distant past, eminent paleoanthropologists, geneticists, biologists, and evolutionary theorists believe that human genes have changed hardly at all in the interim. (encyclopedia.com)
First, that the afflictions of affluence (chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, many cancers, atherosclerosis [including coronary heart disease ], hypertension, osteoporosis, and obesity) are prompted by dissonance between human genes and the lives of certain groups of people. (encyclopedia.com)
This approach revealed a highly sensitive portrait of the genes being expressed in human milk-making cells. (sciencedaily.com)

These have the ability to bind themselves to the glycan receptors (receptors for long chains of connected sugar molecules on the surface of human cells) located on the surface of the intestinal cells and can thereby infect the cells of the intestinal mucosa. (wikipedia.org)
As with hummingbirds, the human ability to discern what food tastes like depends on the presence of taste receptors. (innerself.com)
The interactions between taste receptors and food molecules give rise to the five basic taste qualities: sweetness, savoriness, bitterness, saltiness and sourness, which are transmitted from the mouth to the brain via specific nerves. (innerself.com)

The concentrations of fat in pre- and post-milk depend on how much milk the baby has taken from the breast. (medela.ca)

Humans have a homologous enzyme SIRT1, a deacetylase. (selfgrowth.com)

3 And your amazing milk continues to play a role that goes far further than simple nutrition. (medela.ca)
Aside from casual interest, there is a reason to appreciate the nutrition that fueled nearly all of human evolution . (encyclopedia.com)
check also tag CHILD or specific HN - 2008 FX - Adolescent Nutrition FX - Infant Nutrition DH - Maternal Nutrition DI - 052505 MN - SP6.021.072 MS - Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the INFANT as well as herself. (bvsalud.org)
AN - PRENATAL NUTRITION is also available HN - 2008 BX - Mother Nutrition BX - Nursing Mother Nutrition FX - Maternal Nutrition Physiology DH - Prenatal Nutrition DI - 052506 MN - SP6.021.082 MS - Nutrition of FETUS and mother during PREGNANCY. (bvsalud.org)
AN - check the tag INFANT HN - 2008 FX - Child Nutrition FX - Infant Nutrition Physiology FX - Milk FX - Milk, Human DH - Adolescent Nutrition DI - 052508 MN - SP6.021.067 MS - Nutrition of persons 10 through 19 years of age. (bvsalud.org)

Soon after it reaches maturity, your milk starts to contain higher quantities of some components that protect your baby against bacterial and viral infections. (medela.ca)

Our brains are more complicated than other animals' brains and, as more than half the human brain is made of fat, 9 it stands to reason that we need custom-made fatty ingredients to help build that complexity. (medela.ca)

Then the proportion of white blood cells in your milk will rocket to fight it off. (medela.ca)
The milk-producing cells extract the components they need - and they're pretty fussy about what they take! (medela.ca)
We are also finding many ways to get old human cells to behave like young ones do. (selfgrowth.com)
At the beginning of its life in the human body, the virus disables or destroys these cells without causing symptoms. (digitalnaturopath.com)

We're inspired to read about his vision of a diverse food system, led by innovators like us, where "transformational changes across the entire agriculture food value chain will prevent irreversible change which may have wide ranging impacts on human health and the potential burden of malnutrition, not only for the happy few but also for mankind. (perfectday.com)
People with autism are prone to auto-immune conditions and that will include food allergies (wheat, milk etc). (epiphanyasd.com)

It is therefore plausible that the legacy dairy and meat industries await a paradigm shift as a growing number of consumers question their daily intake of animal- derived products, including meat, eggs, and milk, over concerns about their own health, environmental damage, and animal welfare. (perfectday.com)

Although it usually disappears after delivery, the mother is at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. (adam.com)

M-state minerals: Human blood typically lives only about 10 minutes out of the body, but in rare cases stays alive for hours or even days. (selfgrowth.com)

Significant risk factors for these abnormalities include fat and sugar intake in both children and adults. (medscape.com)

We care because this has some very important implications for human obesity. (blogspot.com)

[3] [4] Supplemented breastfeeding is recommended until at least age two and then for as long as the mother and child wish. (wikipedia.org)

although the controversy continues, AIDS is commonly thought to be caused by the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ). (digitalnaturopath.com)
HIV is spread most commonly by having unprotected sex with an infected partner, contact with infected blood or being born to an HIV infected mother. (digitalnaturopath.com)

Unlike sparrows, finches and most other birds, hummingbirds can taste sweetness because they carry the genetic instructions necessary to detect sugar molecules. (innerself.com)

Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (cdc.gov)
Breastfeeding offers health benefits to mother and child even after infancy. (wikipedia.org)
Breastfeeding also provides health benefits for the mother. (wikipedia.org)
Pre-diabetes is becoming more common in the U.S., according to estimates provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). (adam.com)
Become an ANH Pathfinder today and help us co-create new health systems that respect nature as well as human rights and freedoms! (anhinternational.org)
Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. (cdc.gov)

simple or complex . (hiking-for-her.com)

Aside from allowing us to taste the wide variety of flavors in foods, taste also helps us distinguish between foods that are healthy or potentially harmful, such as spoiled milk. (innerself.com)

Some molecules from the mother's diet, like garlic or carrots, reach the fetus's developing taste buds via the amniotic fluid and can affect the appreciation of these foods after birth. (innerself.com)

For instance, when sugar binds to the sweet receptor, it signals sweetness. (innerself.com)

Avoid sugar and minimize grains. (selfgrowth.com)
If you've been taught to fear or avoid sugar, think again as a hiker! (hiking-for-her.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms7

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes40

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture19

Information Science4

Named Groups5

Health Care8

Lactose8

Oligosaccharides25

Breast milk30

Carbohydrates2

Cow's milk3

Mother's milk3

Oligosaccharide7

Mammals2

Small intestine1

HMOs3

Proteins2

Sucrose3

Nature's1

Glucose9

Centers for Diseas1

Fructose1

Immune system1

Fats1

Protein5

Lactation4

Infants4

Mammary2

Insulin6

Prefers1

Genes4

Receptors3

Concentrations1

Enzyme1

Nutrition5

Quantities1

Ingredients1

Cells4

Food2

Eggs1

Type 2 diabet1

Minerals1

Intake1

Obesity1

Long1

Commonly2

Genetic1

Health6

Simple1

Potentially1

Foods1

Instance1

Avoid2