Recent studies have shown that monensin may transport sodium ion through the membrane in both electrogenic and electroneutral manner. (wikipedia.org)
Ionophores form lipid soluble, reversible complexes with cations and facilitate ion transport across membranes, as well as a monensin-electroneutral exchange of sodium and protons. (siouxnationag.com)
Components and strategies Reagents Buffer chemical substances protease Salinomycin inhibitor DPDPE forskolin isobutylmethylxanthine cycloheximide pertussis toxin (PTX) sucrose monensin sodium anti-FLAG M2 affinity resin and FLAG peptide had been bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville ON Canada). (biosemiotics2013.org)
Due to the high content of vitamin A, trace elements and monensin sodium in comparison to individual feed materials, this supplementary feed may only be fed to young hens, turkeys and chickens for fattening with up to 10% of the whole ration. (roehnfried.com)
Monensin causes neurological and heart problems for equines, if not death, and clinical signs can show either immediately or months later, depending on the horse's exposure to the chemical. (grossmanroth.com)
Do not allow horses or other equines access to feeds containing Monensin. (chewy.com)
Horses4
This is especially pronounced in horses, where monensin has a median lethal dose 1/100th that of ruminants. (wikipedia.org)
In this case, the manufacturer's feed contained monensin, a cross-contaminant from cattle and poultry feed that is highly toxic to horses. (grossmanroth.com)
Twenty of the boarder's horses in Fresno, California died and 31 more suffered from debilitating illnesses after consuming the monensin-tainted feed. (grossmanroth.com)
Monensin is a polyether antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis. (wikipedia.org)
As an alternative, our group is working on bacteriophage-based feed additives that target Fusobacterium necrophorum, the primary cause of bovine liver abscesses, and Streptococcus bovis complex bacteria with the aim of reducing or eliminating the dependence on antibiotic feed additives. (phileo-microbiota-days.com)
Golgi5
In laboratory research, monensin is used extensively to block Golgi transport. (wikipedia.org)
We suggest that the prosequence of myeloperoxidase participates in the intracellular routing of the precursor and that this routing operates on precursors bearing mannose-rich rather than terminally glycosylated oligosaccharides and diverts them from the secretory pathway at a site proximal to the monensin-sensitive compartment of the Golgi apparatus. (cirn-na.com)
Cilium trafficking of P/rds was sustained even when the Golgi functions, including trans -Golgi-mediated conventional secretion, were inhibited by the small molecules brefeldin A, 30N12, and monensin. (jneurosci.org)
As glycoproteins pass through the Golgi apparatus, most receive a mature, complex oligosaccharide. (jneurosci.org)
Membranes2
Monensin A is able to transport these cations across lipid membranes of cells in an electroneutral (i.e. non-depolarizing) exchange, playing an important role as an Na+/H+ antiporter. (wikipedia.org)
The antibacterial properties of monensin and its derivatives are a result of their ability to transport metal cations through cellular and subcellular membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicosis1
Cardiac toxins include ionophore antimicrobials such as monensin and salinomycin, cantharidin ( blister beetle toxicosis Cantharidin Toxicosis ), Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine), and Eupatorium rugosum (white snakeroot). (msdvetmanual.com)
Cattle2
Feeding undiluted or mixing errors resulting in high concentrations of Monensin has been fatal in cattle and could be fatal in goats. (feedsforless.com)
Monensin medicated cattle and goat feeds are safe for use in cattle and goats only. (chewy.com)
Sucrose1
The SWI/SNF complex was originally described in yeast as the protein complex critical for cellular responses to mating-type switching (SWI) or sucrose fermentation (SNF). (justia.com)
Brefeldin1
However, if they are trapped inside the cell, they can be stained as intracellular proteins using protein transport inhibitors such as BD GolgiStop™ (containing monensin) or BD GolgiPlug™ (containing brefeldin A). Cytokines are relatively accessible using the gentle fixation and permeabilization afforded by BD Cytofix/ Cytoperm™ Fixation and Permeabilization Solution. (bdbiosciences.com)
Ionophore1
Monensin A is an ionophore related to the crown ethers with a preference to form complexes with monovalent cations such as: Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Ag+, and Tl+. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicity1
Monensin has some degree of activity on mammalian cells and thus toxicity is common. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular2
Therefore, after treatment, cells must be quickly fixed and subjected to stronger permeabilization conditions to allow the antibody to enter the nucleus and access the epitope within disrupted molecular complexes. (bdbiosciences.com)
The glycosylation of GPIIb-IIIa was examined in megakaryocytes by metabolic labeling in the presence of tunicamycin, monensin, or treatment with endoglycosidase H. The polypeptide backbones of the GPIIb and the GPIIIa have molecular masses of 120 and 90 kD, respectively. (rupress.org)
Cells4
Our data reveal an unexpected mechanism regulating CD4 + T cell differentiation, by which immune complexes suppress inflammasome activation and the generation of IL-1α and IL-1β from APCs, which are critical for the Ag-driven differentiation of CD4 + T cells. (aai.org)
infection of human epidermoid carcinoma no. 2 cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) leads to a reorganization of antigens associated with both the small and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snrnp and hnrnp). (liverpool.ac.uk)
Individual cells showed vari- able staining with a complex I monoclonal antibody suggesting that the mtDNA defect is heteroplasmic. (binaryoptionstradinglist.com)
Residual autologous T cells are usually emerging from partial thymic maturation impairment such as in the case of Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) deficiency. (hindawi.com)
Vitro1
In the secreted protein, lysozyme contained predominantly complex oligosaccharides as demonstrated by a proteolytic fragmentation in vitro and resistance to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. In contrast, when targeted to lysosomes, the lysozyme moiety of the fusion protein contained predominantly mannose-rich oligosaccharides. (cirn-na.com)
Mechanism2
The mechanism by which this inhibition occurs is via immune complex ligation of activating FcγRs, resulting in prevention of both activation and assembly of the inflammasome complex in response to nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) P3, NLRC4, or AIM2 agonists. (aai.org)
This result was therefore consistent with the main mode of action of monensin as it is presently understood (Russell, 1987), but not with the K+/H+ exchange mechanism proposed for lasalocid (Schwingel et al. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
Inhibition3
In this study, we show that IgG immune complexes suppress IL-1α and IL-1β secretion through inhibition of inflammasome activation. (aai.org)
This assumption was confirmed by demonstrating that Src inhibition by PP2 or its silencing by siRNA increased membrane recovery of internalized DORs and was further corroborated by showing that inhibition of recycling by monensin or dominant unfavorable Rab11 (Rab11S25N) abolished the ability of Src blockers to prevent desensitization. (biosemiotics2013.org)
After intensive cleaning 200 μl from the HRP substrate o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (Src silencing with siRNA Src inhibition by PP2 inhibition of recycling by DNM-Rab11 or monensin) outcomes were normalized towards the recovery seen in matching untreated handles. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Secretion1
In the presence of monensin, the formation of complex oligosaccharides in the fusion protein and its secretion were strongly inhibited, whereas the intracellular fragmentation was not. (cirn-na.com)
Protein2
2005) partially by their ability to form complexes with dietary protein and fiber (Waghorn, 2008). (ac.ir)
Maximal dissociation of the DOR-Src complex was not altered by PP2 (Fig. 1C) but was blocked by PTX (Fig. 1D) indicating that disruption of the complex was dependent upon activation of the G-protein but not of Src. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Form1
In vivo, administration of Ag in the form of an immune complex during priming of the immune response inhibited resultant adaptive immune responses in an NLRP3-dependent model of allergic airway disease. (aai.org)
Presence1
PMA + Ionomycin-stimulated C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes (6-hour in the presence of monensin) were stained with CD3 APC, fixed, permeabilized, and then stained with TNF-α (clone MP6-XT22) PE/Dazzle™ 594 (top) or rat IgG1, κ PE/Dazzle™ 594 isotype control (bottom). (biolegend.com)
Dependent1
However, the ability of immune complexes to modulate the inflammasome-dependent innate immune response is unknown. (aai.org)
Ability1
This approach explains ionophoric ability and in consequence antibacterial properties of not only parental monensin, but also its derivatives that do not possess carboxylic groups. (wikipedia.org)
Shown1
IgG immune complexes have been shown to modify immune responses driven by APCs in either a pro- or anti-inflammatory direction depending upon the context of stimulation. (aai.org)
Common1
Atrial fibrillation is common, and ventricular or atrial premature complexes may also be evident. (msdvetmanual.com)
Safe1
Monensin medicated feed is safe for use in goats only. (feedsforless.com)
Production2
Monensin is used extensively in the beef and dairy industries to prevent coccidiosis, increase the production of propionic acid and prevent bloat. (wikipedia.org)
The GPIIb precursor is then processed with conversion of high-mannose to complex type carbohydrates yielding the mature subunits GPIIb alpha (Mr 116,000) and GPIIb beta (Mr 25,000). (rupress.org)