Primary oocyteFertilizationFollicularIntracytoplasmic Sperm InjFollicleOogoniaOvulationDecreasesOvarianSpermFolliclesOotidogenesisOvariesOvumOvaryMeioticOccursCyclesDevelopmentCellsImportantNumbersProductionMetaphase arrestGenesDevelopmental biologySecondaryDominantFunctionalEmbryonicObservationsPrimaryCellTimeHumanFemaleBeginEntryResultsMouseMatureCurrentStudiesQualityCultureModel
Primary oocyte2
- The primary oocyte turns into a secondary oocyte in mature ovarian follicles. (wikipedia.org)
- [2] It is developed from the primary oocyte by maturation. (wikipedia.org)
Fertilization8
- Unlike the sperm, the egg is arrested in the secondary stage of meiosis until fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
- Upon fertilization by sperm, the secondary oocyte continues the second part of meiosis and becomes a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
- [10] Meiosis then proceeds to second metaphase, where it pauses again until fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
- These protease-induced decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 likely cause increased levels of bioavailable (or free) IGFs that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing dominant follicles, which ultimately prepare the follicle(s) and oocyte(s) for successful ovulation and fertilization. (bioone.org)
- On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. (hindawi.com)
- However, these techniques have to be carried out very carefully as they, if applied wrongly, bear risks of generating ROS damaging the germ cells and preventing fertilization. (hindawi.com)
- This has been shown for intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and ICSI, and increased incidences of chromosomal abnormalities, minor and major birth defects, or early childhood cancers, particularly in the male offspring, have been linked to these procedures [ 8 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
- BACKGROUND: Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is widely used as an embryo selection technique in in vitro fertilization (IVF), but its effectiveness and potential beneficiary populations are unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Follicular5
- The aim of this study is to investigate the role of activated ovarian endothelial cells in early in-vitro follicular development. (biomedcentral.com)
- Beginning on day 4 of culture, we observed significantly higher follicular and oocyte growth rates in follicles co-cultured with AOECs compared with follicles on gel or matrigel. (biomedcentral.com)
- This model is a novel platform for the in vitro maturation of early follicles and for the future exploration of endothelial-follicular communication. (biomedcentral.com)
- Duplicating the complex interaction of growth factors, cellular and hormonal signals required for follicular development and oocyte maturation in vitro is challenging. (biomedcentral.com)
- Prior to the onset of menopause (10-15 y), menstrual cycles shorten and rapid follicular loss occurs because more oocytes are being recruited. (medscape.com)
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Inj1
- This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)
Follicle5
- Cumulus oophorus is a cluster of cells (called cumulus cells) that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation. (wikipedia.org)
- In a larger perspective, the whole folliculogenesis from primordial to preovulatory follicle is located in the stage of meiosis I of ootidogenesis in oogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Maintenance of meiotic arrest also depends on the presence of a multilayered complex of cells, known as a follicle, that surrounds the oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
- Removal of the oocyte from the follicle causes meiosis to progress in the oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
- The oocytes compete with one another to become the dominant follicle and eventually ovulate to be released as an egg capable of being fertilized. (medscape.com)
Oogonia5
- this proliferation ends when the oogonia enter meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
- After beginning the meiotic process, the oogonia (now called primary oocytes) can no longer replicate. (wikipedia.org)
- Oogonia enter meiosis during embryonic development, becoming oocytes. (wikipedia.org)
- Oogenesis starts with the process of developing primary oocytes, which occurs via the transformation of oogonia into primary oocytes , a process called oocytogenesis . (wikipedia.org)
- The decline in the number of oocytes begins at 20 weeks' gestation when the female fetus has approximately 6-7 million oogonia (largest lifetime endowment). (medscape.com)
Ovulation3
- These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- For several primary oocytes that complete meiosis I each month, only one or a few functional oocyte, the dominant follicles, completes maturation and undergoes ovulation. (wikipedia.org)
- As follicles grow, they acquire receptors for luteinizing hormone, a pituitary hormone that reinitiates meiosis in the oocyte and causes ovulation of a fertilizable egg. (wikipedia.org)
Decreases3
- [5] Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis to resume. (wikipedia.org)
- Cycle fecundability decreases as the number of oocytes decreases. (medscape.com)
- The number of oocytes decreases to approximately 2-3 million at birth and decreases again to 300,000 by the time of puberty. (medscape.com)
Ovarian1
- Throughout a female's reproductive lifespan, the ovaries undergo continual structural changes that are crucial for the maturation of ovarian follicles and the production of sex steroid hormones. (mdpi.com)
Sperm2
- Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)
- In addition, other corrective measures include sperm separation for assisted reproductive techniques. (hindawi.com)
Follicles3
- For in vitro culture of follicles, there are various techniques to optimize the growth of follicles, including the use of defined media, growth factors and three-dimensional extracellular matrix support. (wikipedia.org)
- In vitro development of early follicles necessitates a complex interplay of growth factors and signals required for development. (biomedcentral.com)
- These drawbacks could be overcome by the ability to mature early follicles in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Ootidogenesis1
- oocytogenesis , ootidogenesis , and finally maturation to form an ovum (oogenesis proper). (wikipedia.org)
Ovaries1
- Once a month, one of the ovaries releases a mature egg (ovum), known as an oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
Ovum2
- Each of them contains a single oocyte (immature ovum or egg cell). (wikipedia.org)
- Diagram showing the reduction in number of the chromosomes in the process of maturation of the ovum . (wikipedia.org)
Ovary2
- In humans, oocytes are established in the ovary before birth and may lie dormant awaiting initiation for up to 50 years. (wikipedia.org)
- After the onset of puberty and menses, the female human ovary recruits at least 30-50 oocytes during each menstrual cycle. (medscape.com)
Meiotic4
- Meiosis begins with DNA replication and meiotic crossing over. (wikipedia.org)
- Mammalian oocytes are maintained in meiotic prophase arrest for a very long time-months in mice, years in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- However, as the oocyte grows, these proteins are synthesized, and meiotic arrest becomes dependent on cyclic AMP . (wikipedia.org)
- In the oocyte, cyclic GMP prevents the breakdown of cyclic AMP by the phosphodiesterase PDE3, and thus maintains meiotic arrest. (wikipedia.org)
Occurs1
- Oocyte meiosis, important to all animal life cycles yet unlike all other instances of animal cell division, occurs completely without the aid of spindle -coordinating centrosomes . (wikipedia.org)
Cycles1
- METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent their first oocyte retrieval cycles at CITIC-Xiangya between January 2016 and November 2019, and the associated fresh and thawed embryo transfer cycles up to November 30, 2020. (bvsalud.org)
Development1
- In vivo development was assessed after transfer of injected oocytes to the oviducts of recipient mares. (bioone.org)
Cells1
- The granulosa cells produce a small molecule, cyclic GMP , that diffuses into the oocyte through the gap junctions. (wikipedia.org)
Important1
- An important resource for any model organism is a near-complete reference genome from which a multitude of scientific questions can be answered. (cshlpress.org)
Numbers1
- The numbers of oocytes and embryos obtained were unrestricted. (bvsalud.org)
Production1
- Physiology of gut carbonate production by marine fish - roles of hypoxia and sex hormones. (exeter.ac.uk)
Metaphase arrest1
- In Xenopus laevis , for example, this classical MAP kinase cascade has been shown to play a crucial role in meiotic cell cycles during oocyte maturation, metaphase arrest of unfertilized eggs, and early embryonic development ( 5 , 7 , 9 - 13 , 15 - 18 , 26 , 32 ). (rupress.org)
Genes3
- Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in genome-wide gene expression profiling by the development and application of large scale sequencing technique, which can easily show more differential expressional genes in different traits, such as gender. (hindawi.com)
- A total of 1,410 sequences were confirmed to be related to reproduction and key genes involved in sex differentiation and maturation were identified for the first time in turbot ( AR , AMH , SRY -related genes, CYP19A , ZPG s, STAR FSHR, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
- candidate-gene strategy An experimental approach in which knowledge of the biochemistry and/or physiology of a trait is used to draw up a list of genes whose protein products could be involved in the trait. (fao.org)
Developmental biology1
- Beneficiaries of this initiative will be those who are interested in the various problems represented by the needs given above, such as infertility, contraception, environmental, aging and disease effects upon female germ cells, birth defects, as well as the fundamental developmental biology of human oocytes. (nih.gov)
Secondary2
- The primary oocyte turns into a secondary oocyte in mature ovarian follicles. (wikipedia.org)
- Secondary outcomes include the total number of retrieved metaphase II oocytes, average daily dose of gonadotropin, total gonadotropin dose and duration of ovarian stimulation, cycle cancellation rate, top quality embryos rate, blastocyst formation rate, embryo implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate and endometrial thickness on trigger day. (bvsalud.org)
Dominant1
- The oocytes compete with one another to become the dominant follicle and eventually ovulate to be released as an egg capable of being fertilized. (medscape.com)
Functional1
- Principle Invesigator on a collaborative application submitted to the BBSRC Proteomics and Cell Function Initiative entitled Identification and functional analysis of meiosis-specific chromatin binding proteins from chordates. (ncl.ac.uk)
Embryonic1
- In Xenopus laevis egg cell cycle extracts that mimic early embryonic cell cycles, activation of MAP kinase and MAP kinase kinase occurs in M phase, slightly behind that of maturation promoting factor. (rupress.org)
Observations2
- There is much evidence that substantial differences exist among the species for a number of experimental and observational parameters, such that increased knowledge about human oocytes must be obtained directly through experiments and observations on human oocytes. (nih.gov)
- Both of these collaborations enable me to test in mouse oocytes observations I have made in the ascidian. (ncl.ac.uk)
Primary3
- The primary outcome is the number of oocytes retrieved. (bvsalud.org)
- The number of cryopreserved mature oocytes was the primary outcome. (bvsalud.org)
- Using an in vitro model consisting of dissociated primary cultured mouse neurons we demonstrate abnormal pre- and post-synaptic marker expression after a clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia exposure conducted during neuron development. (preprints.org)
Cell5
- Each of them contains a single oocyte (immature ovum or egg cell). (wikipedia.org)
- The collaboration is between the Cell and Developmental Physiology Group at Newcastle and the Proteomics facility at Durham run by Professor Toni Slabas. (ncl.ac.uk)
- Homer HA, McDougall A, Levasseur M, Herbert M. Restaging the spindle assembly checkpoint in female mammalian meiosis I . Cell Cycle 2005, 4 (5), 650-653. (ncl.ac.uk)
- To examine the possible role of MAP kinase in the in vitro cell cycle, we depleted the extracts of MAP kinase by using anti- Xenopus MAP kinase antibody. (rupress.org)
- not only can gene expression be manipulated and lineages traced at single-cell and whole-tissue levels, but complete population counts of all cell types are possible. (stanford.edu)
Time2
- The number of oocytes decreases to approximately 2-3 million at birth and decreases again to 300,000 by the time of puberty. (medscape.com)
- In the meantime, economic values of growth rate, time and age of maturation, body shape, and carcass composition are related to their sexual development in some edible fish species [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human5
- This RFA, Genetics and Physiology of Human Oocytes, is related to the priority area of family planning. (nih.gov)
- BACKGROUND The overall goal of this RFA is to stimulate and support research on the gain of knowledge of genetic and physiological regulatory mechanisms in human oocytes. (nih.gov)
- and there are dramatic new technological advances that can be applied to human oocytes. (nih.gov)
- The results of studies generated by this RFA are expected to substantially advance our knowledge base of the genetic and physiological mechanisms that regulate the developmental program of human oocyte maturation. (nih.gov)
- Homer HA, McDougall A, Levasseur M, Murdoch AP, Herbert M. RNA interference in meiosis I human oocytes: Towards an understanding of human aneuploidy . (ncl.ac.uk)
Female1
- capacitation The final stage in the maturation process of a spermatozoon, taking place inside the female genital tract as the sperm penetrates the ovum. (fao.org)
Begin1
- Once your testing is completed, you will then begin working closely with our nurse practitioners to coordinate your upcoming ART cycle. (chestervetclinic.com)
Entry1
- Like in the mock-treated extracts, the periodic activation and deactivation of MPF occurred normally in the MAP kinase-depleted extracts, suggesting that MAP kinase is dispensable for the normal M phase entry and exit in vitro. (rupress.org)
Results1
- HN - 2012 MH - Agenesis of Corpus Callosum UI - D061085 MN - C10.500.34 MN - C16.131.666.34 MN - C23.300.08 MS - Birth defect that results in a partial or complete absence of the CORPUS CALLOSUM. (nih.gov)
Mouse2
- Homer HA, McDougall A, Levasseur M, Murdoch AP, Herbert M. Mad2 is required for inhibiting securin and cyclin B degradation following spindle depolymerisation in meiosis I mouse oocytes . (ncl.ac.uk)
- Homer HA, McDougall A, Levasseur M, Yallop K, Murdoch AP, Herbert M. Mad2 prevents aneuploidy and premature proteolysis of cyclin B and securin during meiosis I in mouse oocytes . (ncl.ac.uk)
Mature1
- Once a month, one of the ovaries releases a mature egg (ovum), known as an oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
Current1
- Current available techniques for high-throughput sequencing have been implemented in a number of species, including fish, to obtain a proper description of the transcriptome. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies1
- A growing number of in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the gut microbes and its complex metabolites can regulate host metabolic and immune responses through the mTOR pathway, and result in disorders of host phys-iological functions. (preprints.org)
Quality1
- The number and quality of a woman's oocytes declines with age. (medscape.com)
Culture1
- For in vitro culture of follicles, there are various techniques to optimize the growth of follicles, including the use of defined media, growth factors and three-dimensional extracellular matrix support. (wikipedia.org)
Model1
- An important resource for any model organism is a near-complete reference genome from which a multitude of scientific questions can be answered. (cshlpress.com)