Acquired immunityAntibodiesInhibitorPhagocytosisPathogenInflammationProteinProteinsCytokinesMoleculesMyeloid-derived suppressor cellsTerminal complement complexXanthomonasMechanismsCytotoxicCytotoxicityPathwaysPhenotypeInnate immunityModulationActivationProteolyticAntibody-mediatedProinflammatoryCellsGenomeResponsesInhibitionConvertaseInflammatoryComponentVirulenceFunctionsPrimarilyBindTherapiesReceptorsBacteriaTranscriptionMalariaTissuesSystemFunctionReactionType
Acquired immunity1
- The actions of the complement system affect both innate immunity and acquired immunity. (dadamo.com)
Antibodies9
- The Fc portion of antibodies in immune complexes can be bound by C1q of the classical complement pathway, which eventually leads to the release of C5a and C3a. (hindawi.com)
- Binding of the Fc portion of the antibodies to FcR leads to activation of effector cells and further release of proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, mediators of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (hindawi.com)
- PRR on myeloid cells can be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but also indirectly by secondary mechanisms such as complement activation and circulating antibodies (Abs), resulting in cytolytic and phagocytic effector mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
- Complement activation predicts adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/or anti-phospholipid antibodies. (hss.edu)
- The induced IgG and IgM antibodies were able to stimulate various Fc-mediated effector mechanisms associated with protection against malaria, including phagocytosis, release of reactive oxygen species, production of IFN-γ as well as complement activation and fixation. (nature.com)
- In addition, these antibodies can also mediate several host effector functions. (researchsquare.com)
- Peripheral nerve damage of either the myelin or axon is mediated by an immune cascade involving cytokines, monocytes, and complement-fixing antibodies. (nursingcenter.com)
- Anti-PrP antibodies targeting epitopes in the C-terminal domain induce currents, and cause degeneration of dendrites on murine hippocampal neurons, effects that entirely dependent on the effector function of the N-terminus. (elifesciences.org)
- NP antibodies are not associated with protection through neutralizing activity, but VRP vaccination results in NP antibodies possessing Fc-mediated antibody effector functions, such as complement activation (ADCD) and antibody-mediated cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). (cdc.gov)
Inhibitor6
- Empaveli (pegcetacoplan) is a complement inhibitor used to treat adult patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). (rxlist.com)
- RLS-0071 is the Company's lead dual-action complement and innate inflammatory inhibitor peptide in development for AE-COPD, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and other rare and acute inflammatory diseases. (businesswire.com)
- The drug is a second-generation complement inhibitor with dual activities, ie, it acts on complement component C5 and prevents release of C5a and formation of C5b-9 as well as inhibits leukotriene B4 (LTB4) activity, both of which are part of the immune/inflammatory response. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
- A phase 2 trial was designed that gave a signal, and then the landmark REGAIN trial was our first complement inhibitor targeting the fifth protein of the complement cascade. (medscape.com)
- It's an analog of eculizumab - the original complement inhibitor. (medscape.com)
- Ravulizumab is a complement inhibitor, but it's engineered so that the dosing interval is every 8 weeks rather than every 2 weeks for patient convenience. (medscape.com)
Phagocytosis2
- Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. (frontiersin.org)
- Antibody effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement deposition, and antibody-dependent phagocytosis, play a critical role in immunity against multiple pathogens, particularly in the absence of neutralizing activity. (harvard.edu)
Pathogen3
- Finally, we transferred the disaggregated PtoDC3000 effector arsenal into Pseudomonas fluorescens and show that their cooperative action was sufficient to convert this rhizosphere-inhabiting beneficial bacterium into a phyllosphere pathogen. (nature.com)
- Fig. 4: Effectors are sufficient for converting a beneficial strain into a pathogen. (nature.com)
- Chapter 2 also discusses how NK cells are activated in response to intracellular infections, and how a local inflammatory response and induced cytokines and chemokines can bring more effector cells and molecules to the site of an infection while preventing pathogen spread into the blood. (nih.gov)
Inflammation5
- Proteolytic cascades trigger blood clotting, fibrinolysis, and complement activation, while proteases released upon leukocyte degranulation are integral to the processes of inflammation and immunity. (nih.gov)
- The complement system is a potent mechanism for initiating and amplifying inflammation. (dadamo.com)
- In this review we discuss current evidence that complement activation contributes to progression of CKD, how complement could cause renal inflammation and whether complement inhibition would slow progression of renal disease. (wjgnet.com)
- Complement activation occurs in progressive chronic kidney disease and may contribute to the chronic inflammation that is characteristically found in the kidney. (wjgnet.com)
- It is therefore possible that inhibiting complement activation would reduce inflammation, lead to reduced fibrosis and preservation of renal function. (wjgnet.com)
Protein3
- Complement component 3, often simply called C3, is a protein of the immune system that is found primarily in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
- Pathogenesis of Erwinia amylovora , the causal agent of fire blight, requires injection of the effector protein DspE into host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). (actahort.org)
- Modulation of effector protein activity by proteases provides a critical layer of posttranslational control that enables rapid enzymatic regulation of target proteins. (nih.gov)
Proteins3
- First, the proteolytic component of the convertase, Bb, is removed by complement regulatory proteins having decay-accelerating factor (DAF) activity. (wikipedia.org)
- Published in the Genetics Society of America journal Genetics , the paper explains that TAL effectors are proteins secreted by Xanthomonas bacteria when they infect various plant species. (genengnews.com)
- The complement system consists of more than 35 soluble and cell-bound proteins, 12 of which are directly involved in the complement pathways. (dadamo.com)
Cytokines2
- These anaphylatoxins promote release of proinflammatory cytokines and serve as chemoattractants for effector cells. (hindawi.com)
- The innate immune response by myeloid cells occurs as a succession of events starting at signaling through cytosolic or surface PRRs, followed by effector responses including the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antibacterial peptides and degranulation ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Molecules3
- IgG molecules exert both pro- and antiinflammatory effector functions based on the composition of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain glycan. (jci.org)
- Here, we report that IgG Fc sialylation of human monoclonal IgG1 molecules impairs their efficacy to induce complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC). (jci.org)
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of effector molecules of the lectin complement pathway with graft and patient survival after kidney transplantation. (uit.no)
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells2
- In this way, it complements sunitinib-induced suppression of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. (urologytimes.com)
- Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were reduced, while complement genes (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Terminal complement complex2
- It also limits terminal complement complex formation on target membranes, interferes with the ability of the specific host antibody to bind to a target antigen, and modulates the ability of B cells to produce antibody. (nursingcenter.com)
- We've demonstrated that by targeting a membrane attack complex, or the terminal complement complex, we've been able to improve patients' well-being. (medscape.com)
Xanthomonas1
- Here, we show, through a combined systematic analysis of the TAL effector complement of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanisms3
- 11 - 14 Upon ligation of CD20, RTX triggers various effector mechanisms, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). (haematologica.org)
- ReAlta's therapeutic peptides leverage these virus-derived mechanisms to rebalance complement and inflammatory processes in the body. (businesswire.com)
- Immunomodulatory for both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms, it inhibits complement activity by binding the first component of complement, neutralizing C3a and C5a, thought specific to antibody. (nursingcenter.com)
Cytotoxic3
- Activation of the complement cascade, with the formation of the effector MAC unit, results in cytotoxic and cytolytic reactions. (dadamo.com)
- The result of cytotoxic complement reaction may be beneficial for the body (elimination of the infectious agent or damaged cells) or harmful (damage to autologous normal cells by immunopathological reactions). (dadamo.com)
- Recipient origin T cells expressed cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory genes consistent with an effector cell phenotype whereas donor origin T cells are likely quiescent expressing oxidative phosphorylation genes relative to recipient T cells. (biorxiv.org)
Cytotoxicity1
- CD20-transduced T cells with and without co-transferred T-cell receptor were efficiently eliminated by complement dependent cytotoxicity induced by therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. (haematologica.org)
Pathways2
- Its activation is required for both classical and alternative complement activation pathways. (wikipedia.org)
- Analyses of signaling pathways identified JNK and p38 MAPK as antagonistic effectors of cellular senescence. (uzh.ch)
Phenotype1
- Five of the 12 dspF mutants failed to complement the virulence phenotype of the dspF knockout. (actahort.org)
Innate immunity2
- It plays a central role in the complement system of vertebrate animals and contributes to innate immunity. (wikipedia.org)
- The complement system is an essential component of the innate immunity. (uit.no)
Modulation1
- Modulation of effector T cell responses by local depletio. (au.dk)
Activation6
- C3 plays a central role in the activation of the complement system. (wikipedia.org)
- Sialylated IgG Fc domains have antiinflammatory properties that are attributed to their ability to increase the activation threshold of innate effector cells to immune complexes by stimulating the upregulation of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB). (jci.org)
- Once triggered, an acute exacerbation of COPD is driven by neutrophil effectors including myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, NETosis, and complement activation, and this underlying pathogenesis leads to poorer quality of life for patients and an increased risk of death. (businesswire.com)
- Different fragments, released from individual components during complement activation, operate by a non-cytolytic mechanism through specific receptors present on various cell types. (dadamo.com)
- Complement activation is known to occur in many diverse renal diseases, including glomerulonephritis, thrombotic microangiopathies and transplant rejection. (wjgnet.com)
- Recipient macrophages were characterized by inflammatory activation and donor macrophages by antigen presentation and complement signaling. (biorxiv.org)
Proteolytic1
- Anaphylatoxins are proteolytic products of the serine proteases of the complement system: C3a, C4a and C5a. (dadamo.com)
Antibody-mediated1
- The phenomenon of antibody-mediated target cell destruction by non-sensitized effector cells. (bvsalud.org)
Proinflammatory1
- Thus, impairment of CDC represents an FcγR-independent mechanism by which Fc-sialylated glycovariants might limit proinflammatory IgG effector functions. (jci.org)
Cells7
- Deposited immune complexes can activate complement and effector cells. (hindawi.com)
- Moreover they induce the upregulation of activating FcR on effector cells. (hindawi.com)
- The complement system influence the activity of numerous cells, tissues and physiological mechanism of the body. (dadamo.com)
- It is designed to expand the population of CD8+CD28+ central/effector memory T cells. (urologytimes.com)
- Regulatory T cells (Treg) control mitochondrial function and cytokine production by CD4 + effector T cells (Teff) in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes by supporting T helper (Th)17 or Th1 cytokine production, respectively. (diabetesjournals.org)
- They explained that EAC is a model of allergic eye disease that is primarily driven by effector Th2 cells and mast cells. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
- they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
Genome1
- It claims the technology will complement its own meganuclease platform for genome engineering. (genengnews.com)
Responses2
- The complement system is an integral part of the innate immune system but also augments adaptive immune responses. (wjgnet.com)
- Recruited and inflammatory macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils expressing interferon-, autoimmune-, and complement-related genes might contribute towards pro-fibrotic inflammatory lung responses following airborne biohazard exposures in setting of autoimmune arthritis and could be predictive and/ or targeted to reduce disease burden. (cdc.gov)
Inhibition1
- Over the next couple of decades, there was work looking at the role of complement inhibition in experimental models. (medscape.com)
Convertase1
- In the alternative complement pathway, C3 is cleaved by C3bBb, another form of C3-convertase composed of activated forms of C3 (C3b) and factor B (Bb). (wikipedia.org)
Inflammatory3
- The second group of receptors reacts with small complement fragments (C4a, C3a, C5a) as well as with C1q, Ba, Bb and factor H. Stimulation of these receptors results in various biological effects (chemotaxis, secretion of vasoactive amines, mediators of the inflammatory and anaphylactic reaction etc. (dadamo.com)
- The main functions of the complement cascade and its role in the acute inflammatory reaction are summarized in Table 1. (dadamo.com)
- The inflammatory response to bacterial infection is the result of a complex interplay between bacterial products and host effector systems, such as the immune and complement systems. (lu.se)
Component2
- Complement component 3 has been shown to interact with Factor H. Deficiencies in C3 lead to genetic infections, usually fatal to the newborn. (wikipedia.org)
- Many of the current research projects that he leads have a translational component that aims to utilise information about the pathogen's effector gene complement to enable plant breeders to select and pyramid resistance. (britmycolsoc.org.uk)
Virulence2
- Although virulence is typically attributed to single pathogenic strains, here we investigated whether effectors secreted by a population of non-virulent strains could function as public goods to enable the emergence of collective virulence. (nature.com)
- Each coisogenic strain was individually unfit, but the metaclone was collectively as virulent as the wild-type strain on Arabidopsis thaliana , suggesting that effectors can drive the emergence of cooperation-based virulence through their public action. (nature.com)
Functions2
- Here, using a combination of electrophysiological, cellular, and biophysical techniques, we show that the flexible, N-terminal domain of PrP C functions as a powerful toxicity-transducing effector whose activity is tightly regulated in cis by the globular C-terminal domain. (elifesciences.org)
- This suggests that Fc-mediated effector functions may contribute to this vaccine's efficacy. (cdc.gov)
Primarily1
- In hL-PYK, the minimum chemical requirements for effector binding are the same as those identified for rM 1 -PYK (i.e., the l-2-aminopropanaldehyde substructure of the effector is primarily responsible for binding). (figshare.com)
Bind2
- CR1 on erythrocytes may bind circulating immune complexes (that had activated complement) and transport them to the liver where the immune complexes are partially degraded and thus become more soluble. (dadamo.com)
- It has the potential to bind many common pathogens and modulate a wide range of effectors of autoimmune disease. (nursingcenter.com)
Therapies2
- Thus, targeting deoxy-sphingolipid synthesis may complement the currently available therapies of diabetes. (uzh.ch)
- Today, we'll take a closer look at recently approved and emerging drug therapies, such as complement inhibitors , FcRn inhibitors , and other novel therapeutics. (medscape.com)
Receptors2
- From the functional standpoint, complement receptors can be divided into two types: the adherent type and the other receptors. (dadamo.com)
- The effector cell is a "killer" cell possessing Fc receptors. (bvsalud.org)
Bacteria1
- Comply with the most current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations for vaccinations against encapsulated bacteria in patients with altered immunocompetence associated with complement deficiencies. (rxlist.com)
Transcription2
- The license deal gives Cellectis rights to all uses of the transcription activator-like (TAL) effector IP in all fields. (genengnews.com)
- In recent years, this concept has been extended to susceptibility phenotypes in the context of transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors that target SWEET sugar transporters. (bvsalud.org)
Malaria2
- This study demonstrates for the first time there is synergy of complement, pre-existing immunity, and drug treatment in younger patients with symptomatic malaria in a high-transmission area. (biomedcentral.com)
- Using GIA, the present study aimed to assess the role of complement and pre-existing immunity in the response to malaria drug treatment in symptomatic patients living in a malaria high-transmission area of western Kenya. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissues1
- We have discussed the innate immune defense mediated by epithelia and by phagocytes and complement in the underlying tissues in Chapter 2. (nih.gov)
System2
- The complement system helps clear pathogens from an organism. (dadamo.com)
- For instance, IgG2a engages with complement system components through their Fc region 2 . (researchsquare.com)
Function1
- A broad antibody response was detected that included immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA subtypes with demonstrable Fc-mediated effector function targeting multiple viral antigens. (cdc.gov)
Reaction1
- The reaction is complement-independent. (bvsalud.org)
Type2
- We disaggregated the 36 type III effectors of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae strain PtoDC3000 into a 'metaclone' of 36 coisogenic strains, each carrying a single effector in an effectorless background. (nature.com)
- hence, the texture doesn't complement my skin type (combination-dehydrated). (rolandekarla.com)