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Complement ActivationComplement C3Complement System ProteinsComplement C4Complement Pathway, AlternativeComplement Membrane Attack ComplexComplement Pathway, ClassicalComplement C1qComplement C3bComplement C5Receptors, ComplementComplement C3aComplement Inactivator ProteinsComplement Factor BComplement C9Complement C5aComplement C3dComplement C2Complement Factor HComplement Inactivating AgentsComplement C4bComplement C1Receptors, Complement 3bComplement C3-C5 ConvertasesComplement C3cComplement C6Complement Hemolytic Activity AssayAntigens, CD55Complement Activating EnzymesAnaphylatoxinsComplement C4b-Binding ProteinProperdinComplement Factor DCobra VenomsComplement C3b Inactivator ProteinsComplement Pathway, Mannose-Binding LectinAntigens, CD59Receptors, Complement 3dComplement C4aMannose-Binding LectinComplement Fixation TestsComplement C8Complement C7Complement Factor IComplement C3 Convertase, Alternative PathwayComplement C1 Inactivator ProteinsReceptor, Anaphylatoxin C5aComplement C1sHemolysisComplement C5bAntigens, CD46Complement C1rComplement C1 Inhibitor ProteinAntigen-Antibody ComplexMannose-Binding Protein-Associated Serine ProteasesOpsonin ProteinsCollectinsImmunoglobulin GZymosanPhagocytosisComplement C5a, des-ArginineNeutrophilsImmunoglobulin MBlood Bactericidal ActivityProtein BindingErythrocytesMolecular Sequence DataAntibodies, MonoclonalImmune Complex DiseasesLectinsMice, Inbred C57BLAntibodiesMacrophage-1 AntigenAmino Acid SequenceGenetic Complementation TestRabbitsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayMacular DegenerationCryoglobulinsMice, KnockoutLupus Erythematosus, SystemicBlood ProteinsGlomerulonephritisAutoantibodiesSerumDisease Models, AnimalReperfusion InjuryHemoglobinuria, ParoxysmalPeptide FragmentsKidney GlomerulusImmunity, InnateGlomerulonephritis, MembranoproliferativeMannansHemolytic-Uremic SyndromeC-Reactive ProteinRecombinant ProteinsInflammationFluorescent Antibody TechniqueDose-Response Relationship, ImmunologicSurface Plasmon Resonance
ProteinsPathwaysInhibitorClassical PathwayInhibitionAlternative pathwayConvertaseSystemicDysregulationCascadeAntibodiesProteinInhibitorsInflammationHemolyticSYSTEMMembranePhagocytosisSerumTherapeuticAssayNeutrophilsPathogensAtypicalLectin pathway activationContributesLysisCoagulation systemsActivatesAlternate pathwayLacking complement componentsOccursApoptotic cellsComponents includingProperdinHemolysisReceptorsAntibodyRole of complementDeficienciesPatients lacking coCytotoxicEculizumabDeficiencyPeptideAssaysFragmentsDiseasesVitroImmunoglobulinMechanismsExtracellularAutoimmuneMiceGeneticReceptor
Proteins17
  • The complement system as understood today is a multimolecular system composed of more than 32 proteins and consisting of serum proteins, serosal proteins, and cell membrane receptors that bind to complement fragments. (medscape.com)
  • The complement system consists of 7 serum and 9 membrane regulatory proteins, 1 serosal regulatory protein, and 8 cell membrane receptors that bind complement fragments. (medscape.com)
  • To evaluate the association between lupus severity and cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPs) or low complement proteins C3 and C4. (escholarship.org)
  • 99th percentile of healthy) and complement proteins C3 and C4 were determined using flow cytometry and turbidimetry, respectively. (escholarship.org)
  • Therefore, we are investigating the possible modulatory effects that cartilage proteins may have on complement. (lu.se)
  • A certain level of complement activation is a prerequisite for efficient and 'silent' disposal of dying cell debris, since complement proteins function as strong opsonins, but a tight balance must be maintained to prevent full-blown activation against self-antigens. (lu.se)
  • The complement system is a family of plasma proteins that mediates humoral immune surveillance. (ashpublications.org)
  • Activation of the different pathways is mediated by pathway-specific proteins that recognize molecular patterns on pathogens. (ashpublications.org)
  • The article mentions, "Complement activation may occur early during SARS-CoV-2 infection by the direct interaction of viral proteins with mannose- binding lectin and ficolin pathway. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • The complement system consists of more than 35 soluble and cell-bound proteins, 12 of which are directly involved in the complement pathways. (dadamo.com)
  • The complement system involves a complex cascade of proteins that enhance the body's innate immune system", shares Majowicz. (selectscience.net)
  • 10 This distinction is not absolute because genetic defects in complement proteins have been identified in secondary TMA. (jrheum.org)
  • Two GPI-anchored proteins (CD55&CD59) normally function as complement regulatory proteins. (aacc.org)
  • In PNH patients these two complement regulatory proteins are absent or partially expressed on red blood cells. (aacc.org)
  • Most of these genes provide instructions for making proteins that help regulate a part of the body's immune response known as the complement system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Autoantibodies cause the condition by altering the activity of proteins involved in regulating the complement system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Unlocking the Mysteries of the Immune System: new Roles of complement proteins in Diabetes and Cancer. (lu.se)
Pathways10
  • Activation of the complement pathways. (medscape.com)
  • However, both the initiation pathways and the pathogenic significance of complement activation in MN are poorly understood. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • Here, we show that components from all three complement pathways (alternative, classical and lectin) are found in renal biopsies from patients with MN. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • The complement system is the first line of defence against pathogen infection and can be activated by the classic, alternative and lectin pathways. (herts.ac.uk)
  • Complement can be triggered by one of three distinct pathways: the classical pathway (CP), alternative pathway (AP), or lectin (LP) pathway. (ashpublications.org)
  • Although complement is one of the first lines of defense against infection, hyperactivity of specific pathways has been described in numerous autoimmune and inflammatory disease settings. (ashpublications.org)
  • Complement activation , triggered by neuraminidase , and the participation of different activation pathways were analyzed by Western blot . (bvsalud.org)
  • Pulmonary findings were consistent with significant deposits of terminal complement C5b-9, C4d, and MBL associated serum protease in the microvasculature consistent with sustained systemic activation of complement pathways [7] . (acquaintpublications.com)
  • A further complicating factor is the cross-talk between complement, neutrophils, and coagulation pathways in the pathophysiology of TMA. (jrheum.org)
  • Activation of the complement system occurs through the classical (CP), lectin (LP), or alternative (AP) pathways. (jrheum.org)
Inhibitor6
  • Various complement-mediated renal disorders are treated currently with the complement inhibitor eculizumab. (nih.gov)
  • Recent evidence and clinical similarities suggest a link to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, a disease of excessive activation of the alternative complement pathway effectively treated with a complement inhibitor, eculizumab. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In addition, we demonstrate that the infectious stage of T. cruzi inhibits the lectin pathway activation and complement killing expressing the complement C2 receptor inhibitor trispanning (CRIT) protein. (herts.ac.uk)
  • Here, we report in vitro testing of peptide inhibitor of complement C1 (PIC1) in assays of immune complex-mediated complement activation in human sera and assays for NET formation by human neutrophils. (realtalifesciences.com)
  • Peptide Inhibitor of Complement C1 (PIC1) Rapidly Inhibits Complement. (realtalifesciences.com)
  • We found very high levels of expression of the central complement protein, C3, and complement inhibitor CD59 in human pancreatic islets. (lu.se)
Classical Pathway7
  • Recently we have studied the ability of an enzymatically modified form of LDL (E-LDL), obtained by treatment with trypsin and then cholesterol esterase, to activate C1, the complex that triggers activation of the classical pathway of complement. (europa.eu)
  • The classical pathway triggers pathogenic complement activation in membranous nephropathy. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • Proximity ligation assays to directly visualize complement assembly in the tissue reveal dominant activation via the classical pathway, with a close correlation to the degree of glomerular C1q-binding IgG subclasses. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • Our study shows that, in MN, complement is primarily activated via the classical pathway and targeting complement components such as C3 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • Activation of the classical pathway (CP) of complement is often associated with autoimmune disorders in which disease pathology is linked to the presence of an autoantibody. (ashpublications.org)
  • Based on an article by Maurizio Costabile, the classical complement activation is measured by the 50 % complement hemolytic assay ( CH 50) which tests the functional capacity of serum complement components of the classical pathway to lyse sheep red blood cells pre- coated with rabbit anti-sheep red blood cell antibody [3] . (acquaintpublications.com)
  • The production of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG during approximately the second week of the disease may further activate the complement system via the classical pathway whereas IgA can trigger the MBL pathway per Dr. Marcus Bossman's article [4] . (acquaintpublications.com)
Inhibition10
  • In aHUS patients, effective complement inhibition was demonstrated by significant reductions of CH50, APH50, C3d and sC5b-9 levels, whereas C5a levels were only reduced significantly after 6 months' treatment. (nih.gov)
  • In this review we discuss current evidence that complement activation contributes to progression of CKD, how complement could cause renal inflammation and whether complement inhibition would slow progression of renal disease. (wjgnet.com)
  • Mutagenesis was performed to study the effect of factor D (FD) inhibition on C3 convertase-induced FB cleavage, complement-mediated. (lu.se)
  • These results suggest that FD inhibition can effectively block complement overactivation induced by FB gain-of-function mutations. (lu.se)
  • Homozygosity for the complement factor H Y402H polymorphism, which is thought to reduce complement inhibition, was associated with less frequent SIRS/sepsis (the adjusted odds ratio for the homozygous variant complement factor H Y402H [CC] carriers was 0.3, 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.7, p = .005). (figshare.com)
  • In several instances, PA-dPEG24 achieved complete inhibition with complement effector levels equivalent to background. (realtalifesciences.com)
  • Inhibition of Complement Activation, Myeloperoxidase, NET Formation And Oxidant. (realtalifesciences.com)
  • The role of complement in ependymal damage induced by neuraminidase was analyzed in vivo in two rat models of complement blockade systemic inhibition of C5 by using a function blocking antibody and testing in C6-deficient rats . (bvsalud.org)
  • We know that uncontrolled activation of the complement pathway is responsible for many devastating diseases, and through the development of the first two complement inhibitors - SOLIRIS and ULTOMIRIS - we have shown the transformative impact of C5 inhibition on several of these diseases," said John Orloff, M.D., Executive Vice President and Head of Research & Development at Alexion. (businesswire.com)
  • Exposure of endothelial cells to anti-b2GPI antibodies and their corresponding peptides leads to the inhibition of endothelial cell activation, as shown by decreased expression of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule, and vascular cell adhesion molecule and of monocyte adhesion. (medscape.com)
Alternative pathway4
  • Depending on the nature of complement activators, the classic pathway, the alternative pathway, or the more recently discovered lectin pathway is activated predominantly to produce C3 convertase. (medscape.com)
  • Complement activation was assessed by analysing the haemolytic complement function of the classical (CH50) and the alternative pathway (APH50), C3 and the activation products C3d, C5a and sC5b-9 prior to, 3 and 6 months after eculizumab treatment. (nih.gov)
  • The alternative pathway (AP) of complement consists of C3, factor B, factor D and properdin, which amplifies AP activation. (karger.com)
  • and regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway. (jax.org)
Convertase4
  • In the first phase, a series of specific interactions leads to formation of intrinsic complement proteinase, termed C3 convertase. (medscape.com)
  • Properdin, a positive regulator of the complement system, has recently been reported to bind to certain pathogenic microorganisms, to early or late apoptotic and necrotic cells, and to particular live human cell lines, thus providing a platform for de novo convertase assembly and complement activation. (utoledo.edu)
  • T. cruzi infectious stages resist complement-mediated killing by expressing surface receptors, which dissociate or prevent C3 convertase formation. (herts.ac.uk)
  • CD55 also called the decay accelerating factor (DAF) prevents the formation and augments instability of C3 convertase essential for complement activation. (aacc.org)
Systemic6
  • Our study suggests that systemic complement activation levels in OSCC patients may be useful to assess disease progression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Objective: To determine the impact of genetic variability in complement activation on early development of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in general pediatric critical care. (figshare.com)
  • A genotype that permits vigorous complement activation to an infectious or inflammatory insult may offer protection from development of systemic inflammation. (figshare.com)
  • Misguided or excessive complement activation is involved in many common diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis and age-related macula degeneration. (lu.se)
  • Abstract: Two major aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis that have yet to be targeted therapeutically are immune complex-initiated complement activation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation by neutrophils. (realtalifesciences.com)
  • This review aims to provide an assessment of the nature and extent of complement involvement in TMA associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and scleroderma renal crisis. (jrheum.org)
Dysregulation2
  • A number of studies imply that there is a link between progression of DR and complement dysregulation (3). (msu.edu)
  • The role of complement dysregulation on vascular endothelial cells has been well established in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and target organ injury. (jrheum.org)
Cascade11
  • The complement system functions as an interactive sequence, with one reaction leading to another in the form of a cascade. (medscape.com)
  • Measurements and Main results: A total of 299 children were genotyped for functional polymorphisms in the complement activation cascade. (figshare.com)
  • Conclusions: Functional polymorphisms in the complement activation cascade modify the risk for early SIRS/sepsis in general pediatric critical care. (figshare.com)
  • The site within the complement cascade at which sensitization was effected was the membrane attack pathway. (duke.edu)
  • Finally, we provide evidence that CP activity in CAD patients terminates prior to activation of the terminal cascade, supporting the hypothesis that the primary route of RBC destruction in these patients occurs via extravascular hemolysis. (ashpublications.org)
  • Complement activation results in an enzymatic cascade leading to the production of opsonins and anaphylatoxins responsible for clearing pathogens and initiating inflammation. (ashpublications.org)
  • Why is it important that complement activation always takes place after physical association of the target with early components in the complement cascade? (assignment-writer.com)
  • Activation of the complement cascade, with the formation of the effector MAC unit, results in cytotoxic and cytolytic reactions. (dadamo.com)
  • The main functions of the complement cascade and its role in the acute inflammatory reaction are summarized in Table 1. (dadamo.com)
  • The complement system is an enzyme cascade that helps defend against infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Collectively, our data provide evidence that activated microglia and complement cascade c1q signaling in the hippocampus may account for synaptic loss and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of neuroinflammation induced by repeated LPS injections. (imperial.ac.uk)
Antibodies4
Protein10
  • C-reactive protein (CRP, not shown) leads to classic pathway activation analogous to lectin pathway activation by MBL and ficolins. (medscape.com)
  • We found already that fibromodulin and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) are potent activators of complement. (lu.se)
  • The viral nucleocapsid protein binds to a mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2), a key protease of the MBL pathway leading to overactivation of the complement system and worsening of lung injury. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • The complement system is a tightly regulated, cascading protein network representing a key component linking the innate and humoral immune systems. (jrheum.org)
  • 7 - 9 A TMA is called "primary" when a genetic or acquired defect in a complement protein is identified (as in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome [aHUS]) or "secondary" when occurring in the context of another disease process or factor such as infection, autoimmune disease, malignancy, or drugs. (jrheum.org)
  • The complement system is a tightly regulated, cascading protein network that performs multiple roles in homeostasis and disease prevention and is a key component of both the innate and the humoral immune systems. (jrheum.org)
  • Repeated LPS injections induced an up-regulation of complement system protein c1q and distinct microglial phenotype with an enrichment of the complement-phagosome pathway. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In normal red blood cells, the small blue arrows attached to the red blood cells surface represent the GPI-anchor needed for the expression of CD59 complement regulatory protein. (aacc.org)
  • Affected individuals may have particularly low levels of a protein called complement component 3 (or C3) in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 2019) Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein initiates cancer stem cells through activation of Jagged1-Notch3 signaling. (lu.se)
Inhibitors2
  • We are studying how apoptotic cells are recognized by C1q and complement inhibitors and what are functional consequences of these interactions. (lu.se)
  • Advancements in the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of aHUS paved the way for the successful development of anticomplement therapies (complement C5 inhibitors), which have revolutionized the treatment of aHUS. (jrheum.org)
Inflammation8
  • By blocking the cleavage of C5, this monoclonal antibody prevents cell damage caused by complement-mediated inflammation. (nih.gov)
  • Complement activation occurs in progressive chronic kidney disease and may contribute to the chronic inflammation that is characteristically found in the kidney. (wjgnet.com)
  • It is therefore possible that inhibiting complement activation would reduce inflammation, lead to reduced fibrosis and preservation of renal function. (wjgnet.com)
  • Joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common chronic inflammatory disease that causes long-term suffering and disability in 1% of our population, is a complex process also involving complement activation. (lu.se)
  • The complement system is also activated, and chemo-attracted neutrophils cause local inflammation and tissue damage. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Ig-E-mediated food allergy involves the binding of food allergens to Ig-E molecules leading to the activation of effector cells releasing histamine (immediate response) followed by allergic inflammation with increased leukotrienes, platelet activating factor (PAF), and IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The complement system is a potent mechanism for initiating and amplifying inflammation. (dadamo.com)
  • The inflammation, thrombin activation, and erythrocyte lysis caused by primary injury could promote the formation of brain edema, which is associated with poor outcome, and could cause more severe and durable injury [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
Hemolytic2
  • Complement factor B (FB) mutant variants are associated with excessive complement activation in kidney diseases such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), C3 glomerulopathy and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). (lu.se)
  • This is a case of saddle pulmonary embolism in a healthy 20 years old COVID-19 patient who had significant elevation of 50 % complement hemolytic Assay with negative COVID-19 testing by PCR and positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody. (acquaintpublications.com)
SYSTEM31
  • The complement system is an integral part of the innate immune system but also augments adaptive immune responses. (wjgnet.com)
  • Complement, a complex system of enzymes and regulators endowed with multiple biological activities (opsonisation, chemoattraction of leukocytes, cell lysis, cell activation), is a major component of innate defence against pathogens. (europa.eu)
  • This study aimed to investigate the activation of the complement system in OSCC patients as potential biomarker. (oncotarget.com)
  • Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, has to evade complement system killing and invade the host cells to progress in infection. (herts.ac.uk)
  • Our findings establish that the complement lectin pathway recognizes T. cruzi and provide molecular insights into how the infectious stage inhibits this activation to resist complement system killing. (herts.ac.uk)
  • Together these results demonstrate that PA-dPEG24 can inhibit immune complex activation of the complement system and NET formation. (realtalifesciences.com)
  • The complement system has been increasingly recognized to play a pivotal role in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. (realtalifesciences.com)
  • Complement system activation contributes to the ependymal damage induced by microbial neuraminidase. (bvsalud.org)
  • some reports implicate the complement system as a cause of these injuries . (bvsalud.org)
  • These results demonstrate that the complement system contributes to ependymal damage and death caused by neuraminidase . (bvsalud.org)
  • The complement system is an agent pro-inflammatory host defense mechanism that is part of both the night and adaptive immunity. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • Per Richard Stienm [1] , on UpToDate, the complement system plays a vital role in instructing the adaptive immune response and removal of damaged cells, tissue regeneration, and angiogenesis. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • According to an article in the American Journal of medicine and critical care by Marcus Bossman, MD at Boston University school of medicine, the complement system is suspected to have a critical role during the development of COVID-19. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • SC5b-9 (terminal complement complex) is a measurement of complement system activation. (cdc.gov)
  • The complement system helps clear pathogens from an organism. (dadamo.com)
  • The actions of the complement system affect both innate immunity and acquired immunity. (dadamo.com)
  • The complement system influence the activity of numerous cells, tissues and physiological mechanism of the body. (dadamo.com)
  • Anaphylatoxins are proteolytic products of the serine proteases of the complement system: C3a, C4a and C5a. (dadamo.com)
  • Additionally, in some gene therapy trials in which high doses of AAV vectors were administered systemically, toxicities related to the activation of the complement system have been reported. (selectscience.net)
  • C3 cleavage may result in formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), the cytotoxic component of the complement system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore, a clearer understanding of the role of the complement system in TMA associated with other conditions will help to identify patients who would benefit from these therapies. (jrheum.org)
  • 8 , 11 - 14 Numerous stimuli can drive the activation of the complement system, including apoptotic debris, pathogens, and antibody-antigen complexes, in addition to ischemia-reperfusion injuries associated with organ transplantation. (jrheum.org)
  • Our work implicates that complement system may be a therapeutic target for developing therapies to prevent or treat cognitive disorders related to neuroinflammation or other disease conditions including neurodegenerative disease per se. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Acidosis activates complement system in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • The complement system must be carefully regulated so it targets only unwanted materials and does not damage the body's healthy cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A specific mutation in one of the complement system-related genes, CFHR5 , has been found to cause C3 glomerulopathy in people from the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutation in the C3 and CFH genes, as well as other complement system-related genes, have been found to cause the condition in other populations. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Several normal variants (polymorphisms) in complement system-related genes are associated with an increased likelihood of developing C3 glomerulopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The genetic changes related to C3 glomerulopathy "turn up," or increase the activation of, the complement system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Studies suggest that uncontrolled activation of the complement system also causes the other health problems that can occur with dense deposit disease, including acquired partial lipodystrophy and a buildup of drusen in the retina. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers are working to determine how these associated health problems are related to overactivity of the complement system. (medlineplus.gov)
Membrane7
  • It is also emerging as an important factor in atherosclerosis: complement activation, and formation of the terminal C5b-9 membrane attack complex of complement were shown to occur in atherosclerotic lesions. (europa.eu)
  • The complement molecule effecting cytotoxicity was the membrane attack complex. (duke.edu)
  • However, the precise mechanisms of complement-mediated synaptic loss remain unclear, and the role of the lytic membrane attack complex (MAC) is unexplored. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • By inhibiting cold agglutinin-mediated complement deposition on the cellular membrane, TNT003 prevents RBCs from being phagocytosed. (ashpublications.org)
  • The lead PIC1 derivative, PA-dPEG24, was able to dose-dependently inhibit complement activation initiated by multiple types of immune complexes (IC), including C1-anti-C1q IC, limiting the generation of pro-inflammatory complement effectors, including C5a and membrane attack complex (sC5b-9). (realtalifesciences.com)
  • The assembly of the complement membrane attack complex on the ependymal epithelium of rats injected with neuraminidase was analyzed by immunohistochemistry . (bvsalud.org)
  • The complement membrane attack complex immunolocalized on the ependymal surface in rats injected intracerebroventricularly with neuraminidase . (bvsalud.org)
Phagocytosis3
Serum4
Therapeutic4
Assay2
  • 0.0001) and sC5b-9 ( p = 0.01) concentrations in OSCC patients were determined using the validated multiplex complement assay. (oncotarget.com)
  • Therefore, we used a functional complement assay, the modified Ham test, to analyze sera of women with classic or atypical HELLP syndrome, pre-eclampsia with severe features, normal pregnancies, and healthy nonpregnant women. (johnshopkins.edu)
Neutrophils1
Pathogens1
  • 4 , 13 Complement plays a crucial role in host defense against foreign bodies by promoting phagocyte-mediated clearance of cell debris through activation of an inflammatory response, opsonization of pathogens, and lysis of susceptible bacteria and cells. (jrheum.org)
Atypical1
Lectin pathway activation1
  • Furthermore, lectin pathway activation by T. cruzi required the MBL-associated serine protease 2 (MASP2) activity resulting in C2 factor cleavage. (herts.ac.uk)
Contributes2
  • Thus, in SLE complement acts as a double edge sword and while its genetic deficiency leads to SLE, complement also contributes to development of symptoms since there are immune complexes deposited in tissues and these activate complement. (lu.se)
  • Our studies revealed that extracellular vesicles such as exosomes associate with immunoglobulins in plasma and activate complement pathway, which contributes to the increase in retinal vascular permeability in diabetes. (msu.edu)
Lysis2
Coagulation systems2
  • Model depicting the putative crosstalk between the complement and coagulation systems as a new pathogenetic mechanism that exacerbates myocardial injury in ARVC. (bioacademy.gr)
  • Per Wolfeam Ruf on his publication on 'the blood', complement and coagulation systems play a role in eliminating perivascular and intravascular microorganisms in the process of cold Immuno- thrombosis [2] . (acquaintpublications.com)
Activates1
  • Here, we present the first evidence that T. cruzi activates the complement lectin pathway. (herts.ac.uk)
Alternate pathway2
  • Binding of factor H to C3b increases its inactivation by factor I. Properdin stabilizes it, preventing its inactivation by factors H and I. The alternate pathway does not result in a truly nonspecific activation of complement because it requires specific types of compounds for activation. (medscape.com)
  • Alternate pathway activation occurs when components of microbial cell surfaces (eg, yeast walls, bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharide [endotoxin]) or immunoglobulin (eg, nephritic factor, aggregated IgA) cleave small amounts of C3. (msdmanuals.com)
Lacking complement components1
Occurs1
  • Anemia occurs as a result of autoantibody-mediated CP activation on the surface of the erythrocyte, leading to the deposition of complement opsonins that drive extravascular hemolysis in the liver. (ashpublications.org)
Apoptotic cells1
  • Further we aim to study handling of apoptotic cells and DNA from various sources by complement, in relation to autoimmune diseases . (lu.se)
Components including1
  • Per Maurizio, individual complement components including complement 3 and complement 4 can be quantified, however, this does not provide any information as to the activity of the pathway. (acquaintpublications.com)
Properdin1
  • Finally, we have determined for the first time that the physiological forms of human properdin can selectively recognize surfaces and enhance or promote complement activation, which is in agreement with the reported role for properdin as a complement initiator. (utoledo.edu)
Hemolysis2
Receptors6
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Fleeting activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors sensitizes cortical neurons to complement attack. (duke.edu)
  • Excitotoxicity, triggered by excessive activation of glutamate receptors, has been implicated in neuronal death following diverse insults, including ischemia and seizures. (duke.edu)
  • We found that fleeting activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors sensitizes neurons but not astrocytes to complement attack. (duke.edu)
  • Different fragments, released from individual components during complement activation, operate by a non-cytolytic mechanism through specific receptors present on various cell types. (dadamo.com)
  • From the functional standpoint, complement receptors can be divided into two types: the adherent type and the other receptors. (dadamo.com)
  • The second group of receptors reacts with small complement fragments (C4a, C3a, C5a) as well as with C1q, Ba, Bb and factor H. Stimulation of these receptors results in various biological effects (chemotaxis, secretion of vasoactive amines, mediators of the inflammatory and anaphylactic reaction etc. (dadamo.com)
Antibody4
  • Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by glomerular immune complexes containing complement components. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • During classical complement is activation by antigen-antibody complex, CH 50 will be high while complement component deficiencies result in low CH 50. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • This autoantibody is an IgG complement-fixing antibody that reacts with RBCs in the colder areas of the circulation. (medscape.com)
  • Heparin prevents antiphospholipid antibody-induced fetal loss by inhibiting complement activation. (medscape.com)
Role of complement3
  • Here, we set out to test the role of complement . (bvsalud.org)
  • Yet, a great deal of complexity exists around the role of complement in TMA associated with other diseases. (jrheum.org)
  • Defining the role of complement in TMA in these conditions will help to guide timely diagnosis and management. (jrheum.org)
Deficiencies1
  • [ 2 ] However, complete complement deficiencies are quite rare and account for only a tiny percentage of SLE cases. (medscape.com)
Patients lacking co1
  • Many molecules including complement are involved in the recognition of dying cells as shown by phenotype displayed by patients lacking complement component, for example deficiency of C1q leads in 95% cases to SLE. (lu.se)
Cytotoxic1
  • The result of cytotoxic complement reaction may be beneficial for the body (elimination of the infectious agent or damaged cells) or harmful (damage to autologous normal cells by immunopathological reactions). (dadamo.com)
Eculizumab3
  • C3G patients presented increased C3d and consistently low C3 levels, reflecting ongoing complement activation and consumption at the C3 level, despite eculizumab treatment. (nih.gov)
  • A comprehensive complement analysis together with drug monitoring is required to distinguish mode of complement activation and efficacy of eculizumab treatment in distinct renal disorders. (nih.gov)
  • Patients with aHUS are currently treated with eculizumab while there is no specific treatment for other complement-mediated renal diseases. (lu.se)
Deficiency1
  • Complete deficiency of the early complement components C2, C4, and C1q results in SLE in 75%, 10%, and 90% of cases, respectively. (medscape.com)
Peptide5
  • BOSTON & COPENHAGEN, Denmark--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:ALXN) and Zealand Pharma A/S (NASDAQ:ZEAL) today announced a collaboration to discover and develop novel peptide therapies for complement-mediated diseases. (businesswire.com)
  • We are excited by the potential to explore different targets in the complement pathway and look forward to building on Alexion's more than 20 years of complement expertise with the development of next-generation peptide therapies in collaboration with Zealand Pharma, which may provide the opportunity to treat many additional diseases. (businesswire.com)
  • We believe that peptide-based therapies hold great promise in inhibiting complement activation. (businesswire.com)
  • Alexion's demonstrated expertise in treating rare and complement-mediated diseases makes this the ideal collaboration to advance Zealand's complement-focused peptide programs. (businesswire.com)
  • Under the terms of the agreement, Alexion and Zealand will enter into an exclusive collaboration for the discovery and development of subcutaneously delivered peptide therapies directed to up to four complement pathway targets. (businesswire.com)
Assays2
  • We aim to identify further molecules involved in the activation of complement in joints in RA with the goal of developing diagnostic assays for diagnosis, prognosis and follow up of treatment. (lu.se)
  • One application of our research are improved diagnostic assays such as recently commercialized test measuring complement activations products C4d. (lu.se)
Fragments2
  • These effects may involve either the whole complement, or only individual components or fragments. (dadamo.com)
  • This is mediated through fragments of complement components. (dadamo.com)
Diseases5
  • Complement activation is known to occur in many diverse renal diseases, including glomerulonephritis, thrombotic microangiopathies and transplant rejection. (wjgnet.com)
  • Insidious attack of cortical neurons by complement has been implicated in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. (duke.edu)
  • In collaboration with clinicians we are studying molecular mechanisms of complement involvement in these diseases. (lu.se)
  • Peptides offer a number of advantages, including being highly selective and potent, allowing low dosage volumes for ease of administration, and having the potential to treat a broad range of complement-mediated diseases. (businesswire.com)
  • 10 This review aims to provide an assessment of the nature and extent of complement involvement in the underlying pathophysiology of TMA associated with autoimmune diseases that will help to stratify patients for targeted therapy. (jrheum.org)
Vitro1
  • These in vitro findings predict that a fleeting excitotoxic insult could act synergistically with complement to destroy cortical neurons and accelerate neurological deterioration. (duke.edu)
Immunoglobulin1
  • The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is used to determine whether red blood cells (RBCs) have been coated in vivo with immunoglobulin, complement, or both. (medscape.com)
Mechanisms1
  • Mechanisms leading to T-cell activation in drug hypersensitivity. (bdbiosciences.com)
Extracellular1
  • During cartilage injury, large quantities of complement factors are exposed to components of extracellular matrix, which are liberated from cartilage by proteases. (lu.se)
Autoimmune1
  • In an antigen-specific autoimmune mouse model of MN, glomerular damage and proteinuria are reduced in complement-deficient mice compared with wild-type littermates. (leibniz-hki.de)
Mice1
  • Moreover, in a study using virus-infected C3 -/- mice, by Gralinski and colleagues, complement activation was assessed in SARS-CoV infection with C3 activation products in the lung as early as one day after SARS-CoV infection. (acquaintpublications.com)
Genetic1
Receptor2
  • Sensitization mediated by glutamate receptor activation required Ca(2+)(o) and generation of reactive oxygen species. (duke.edu)
  • Activated complement factor 3, specifically, stimulates platelets through C3a receptor signaling and thereby amplifies thrombus formation. (acquaintpublications.com)