Compared to control rats or rats. Medical search. Frequent questions

Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. (hindawi.com)
To test this hypothesis, basal extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the nucleus accumbens as well as the effects of repeated ethanol pretreatment on the basal release of these transmitters were examined in alcohol-preferring (P), alcohol-nonpreferring (NP), and genetically heterogeneous Wistar rats. (aspetjournals.org)
In ethanol-naive rats, significant line differences were observed with high basal 5-HT release in P rats, low 5-HT release in NP rats, and intermediate 5-HT levels in Wistar rats. (aspetjournals.org)
Ethanol pretreatment decreased basal extracellular 5-HT levels in P rats whereas increasing 5-HT efflux was seen in the Wistar and NP lines. (aspetjournals.org)
In addition, ethanol pretreatment increased extracellular DA concentrations in Wistar and P rats, but not in NP rats. (aspetjournals.org)
Isolated male Wistar rat lungs were perfused in a recirculatory model in the presence of 5-nmol/liter relaxin (n = 17) or vehicle alone (n = 14). (nih.gov)
Wistar rats) [155], failed to influence food intake during a 1 h ad libitum feeding period, moderate to high doses of CBD (4.4 mg·kg −1 , i.p. [58]. (researchgate.net)
Male rats of Wistar strain were used in the study. (nih.gov)
To characterize the change(s) in mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1-7 and their associated proteins in the brain of "physiologically" aged Wistar rats. (frontiersin.org)
Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 equal groups of negative control, ACR model (10 mg/kg b.wt. (biomedcentral.com)
Forty-eight adult Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n=12): physical stress (PSG), variable stress (VSG), ligature (LG) and control (CG) and then started the test of physical stress (restraint and exposure to cold) and variable stress (exposure to flashing light, isolation, examination of the oral cavity, congested environment, the smell of blood and noise). (bvsalud.org)
In the present investigation protection against Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) - induced hepatocacinogenesis was investigated in Wistar rats by the decoction using the medium term bioassay of Ito, based on a two-step model of hepatocarcinogenesis. (who.int)

Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups (6 rats per group). (researchgate.net)
Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague‑Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 twice a week for eight weeks. (spandidos-publications.com)
Adult Sprague Dawley rats (either sex) weighed 200-300 gm were obtained from Central Animal House facility at Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab (India). (researchsquare.com)
In this experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), acupuncture, and fluoxetine groups. (medscimonit.com)
A cardiac fibrosis model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats through a subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO, 5 mg/kg/d). (dovepress.com)

Here, we have compared the efficiency of four different methods of islet cell aggregation. (unige.ch)
Methods: Rats received Bleomycin (or Saline as control) intratraceally and were longitudinally scanned at baseline, day 3, 7, 14 and 21 and 28 after Bleomycin administration. (lu.se)

In male rats, TRAP significantly increased hippocampal neurogenesis, while in females, TRAP increased granule cell layer width. (nature.com)
The results demonstrated that propofol-induced impairment in spatial learning and memory of rats and promoted oxidative stress, neuronal injury and apoptosis in rat hippocampal tissues. (degruyter.com)
Hippocampal and frontal cortical 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were significantly reduced in MDMA pre-treated rats, without any change in [(3)H]paroxetine binding or plasma corticosterone levels. (erowid.org)
After behavioral tests were completed, serum, feces, and hippocampal tissue of rats were collected. (medscimonit.com)

To assess the developmental neurotoxicity of more realistic TRAP exposures, we exposed male and female rats during gestation and early postnatal development to TRAP drawn directly from a traffic tunnel in Northern California and delivered to animals in real-time. (nature.com)
These differences were not present in female rats with the same postnatal hyperoxia exposure. (frontiersin.org)
Visceral organ cross-sensitization was induced in adult female rats via transurethral infusion of protamine sulfate (PS) into the urinary bladder or infusion into the colon of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). (aspetjournals.org)
Also, purslane exerted anti-fertility effect in female rats by disrupting ovulation and female fertility hormones [ 18 ], while it diminished aging alterations in female reproductive system in aged mice [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This study was aimed at investigating the effects of quercetin on mRNA expression and activity of critical enzymes in homocysteine metabolism in rats fed a methionine-enriched diet. (hindawi.com)
Based on the data, correlation networks for depression and excess fatigue rats revealed the abnormality of nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism , arginine metabolism , cholesterol metabolism , tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine metabolism in depression rats, and in excess fatigue rat alterations of energy metabolism , nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and lecithin metabolism . (rsc.org)

0.05) increased by 59.6 and 45.8%, respectively, by simvastatin compared to those of control. (karger.com)
0.05) in MDMA pre-treated rats compared with saline controls, without any change in locomotion. (erowid.org)
0.05) in the PCV and haemoglobin level of test groups compared with the control. (academicjournals.org)
0.05 compared with the control or group A. (bmj.com)
0.05) vs. control. (lu.se)

Saline injected rats served as control (n=5). (cdc.gov)

Here we show that PNN abundance within the Arc is markedly reduced in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat model of T2D, compared with normoglycaemic rats, correlating with altered PNN-associated sulfation patterns of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans in the MBH. (nature.com)
To investigate the effect of simvastatin on glucose homeostasis in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
Diabetic rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. (hindawi.com)
the simvastatin intervention rats had a higher FPG compared to the diabetic rats and were more easily be induced to diabetes at the end of 4 weeks, FPG level of simvastatin treatment rats was increased compared with diabetic model rats after 12 weeks. (hindawi.com)
The target of the present study is to investigate the effect of simvastatin on FPG in STZ-induced diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
The effect of rosuvastatin and simvastatin therapy (10 mg/kg) for 5 weeks on blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-retinal barrier (BRB), and cardiac muscle permeability of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was studied. (diabetesjournals.org)
The volume of distribution of 250-, 70-, and 40-kDa dextrans in the cerebral tissue of diabetic rats were significantly increased. (diabetesjournals.org)
The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-diabetic effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) and biotin supplementations in type 2 diabetic rats. (cambridge.org)
The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. (cambridge.org)
5) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with both CrPic and biotin. (cambridge.org)
0·05) in diabetic rats treated with biotin and CrPic, particularly with a combination of the supplements. (cambridge.org)

L1 ascend the trachea, pass into the digestive system after being swallowed by the host rat, and exit the body through feces ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
These bacteria may be spread through contact with rat saliva, urine or feces. (wikipedia.org)

The rats were given i.p. either one of hallucinogens or saline 30 min before the test. (erowid.org)
On post-natal day (PND) 28, Lister-hooded rats received either MDMA (15 mg/kg i.p.) or saline (1 ml/kg i.p.) twice daily for 3 days. (erowid.org)
m-CPP caused hypolocomotion in the open-field and decreased both the percentage entries into, and time spent in, the open arms of the elevated plus-maze to a comparable extent in MDMA and saline pre-treated rats. (erowid.org)
The total lung volume increased significantly (p=0.001) and dose-dependently compared to Saline control, although the functional lung volume decreased due to development of lesions (oedema or fibrotic tissue formation). (lu.se)

In young postnatal day 12 (P12) rats, at least 4 d of deprivation were required to significantly weaken L4-L2/3 synapses. (jneurosci.org)
When whiskers are deprived by trimming or plucking in adolescent rats [postnatal day 7 (P7) to P60], L2/3 neurons in deprived barrel columns lose responsiveness to their deprived principal whisker, whereas L4 neuronal responses are unaffected. (jneurosci.org)
F1 neonates prior to selection for mating received test or control material beginning on postnatal day 21. (europa.eu)

Different concentrations of HWI (4.5, 6.75, 9.0 mg mL -1 ) or vehicle or furosemide (13 mg kg -1 ) were orally administrated (n = 6 per group) to hydrated rats and their urine output was monitored hourly for 6 h. (scialert.net)
A novel metabonomic method based on fast liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry ( UFLC / MS-IT-TOF ) was applied to study the metabolic changes of plasma and urine in depression and excess fatigue rats. (rsc.org)
Ethyl N2-acetyl- L -argininate and N -methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide ( 2-PY ) (or N -methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide ( 4-PY )) were down-regulated, leucylproline and pantothenic acid were up-regulated remarkably both in urine of depression and excess fatigue rats. (rsc.org)
The concentration of kynurenic acid and N2-succinyl- L -ornithine was low in urine of depression rats compared with control rats. (rsc.org)

This disagrees with the often-repeated statistic that there are more rats than people in the five boroughs of New York City (8.5 million in 2023), with some estimates putting the number of rats far higher at as many as five rats per person (33.6 million). (wikipedia.org)
Values are mean (SD) for five rats. (bmj.com)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether astaxanthin confers a neuroprotective effect against glutamate stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia-induced apoptotic or necrotic cell death in primary cultures of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). (molvis.org)
In this study, we investigate the influence of AST against glutamate- and hypoxia-induced apoptosis, as well as oxidative stress-induced necrosis, in primary rat RGC cultures. (molvis.org)
Malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured from rat lung tissues and cardiac blood samples. (ersjournals.com)
Elevation in markers of oxidative stress, alterations in other monoamines were observed in injured rats, whereas vinpocetine treated rats showed significant recovery with improved alterations in cognitive and motor functions and also restored traumatic brain injury induced biochemical alterations. (researchsquare.com)

namely, performances before and after experimental treatment were compared, and also it were compared performance of experimental subjects and that of subjects in control groups. (bvsalud.org)
Subjects of the Experimental Group showed a lower preference for SS alternative compared to their own performance prior to the Training Phase and compared to control subjects, but such differences did not achieve statistical significance. (bvsalud.org)
Once again, Subjects of the Experimental Group showed a smaller preference for SS alternative compared with control subjects. (bvsalud.org)

The present study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of APE on CCl4‑induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
Organ coefficients, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hexadecenoic acid (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen type III (PCIII), hydroxyproline (Hyp), glutathione (GSH‑Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) levels were measured in rats with hepatic fibrosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Pathological assessment of CCl4‑induced fibrotic livers revealed a significant reduction of liver injury and development of hepatic fibrosis in rats treated with APE (2.6 and 5.2 g/kg). (spandidos-publications.com)
The mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of cystathionine β -synthase and cystathionine γ -lyase were upregulated after quercetin, methionine, or quercetin plus methionine treatment and a more significant increase was observed for hepatic cystathionine β -synthase in the methionine plus quercetin treated rats, suggesting an interaction between methionine and quercetin. (hindawi.com)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey and Aloe vera extract on Aspirin-induced liver damage in albino rats. (academicjournals.org)
The objective of our pilot study was to determine whether ultrafine elemental carbon particles translocate to the liver and other extrapulmonary organs following inhalation as singlet particles by rats. (cdc.gov)
Group I consisted of 10 "healthy" controls, Opioid peptides are neuroactive sub- age- and sex-matched with the liver cir- stances that are found in the central nervous rhosis and HE patients to control for these system and in peripheral tissues [9]. (who.int)
In previous studies, garlic has been shown to protect, rat liver against DEN-induced carcinogenesis. (who.int)
whether a decoction of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus and Smilax glabra ubhibits glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) expression in rat liver. (who.int)
DEN control group showed well-preserved reticulin framework of normal liver, which confirms that HA , has not yet progressed up to HCC. (who.int)

This study demonstrates detrimental mitochondrial and muscular outcomes in the adult male rat exposed to postnatal hyperoxia. (frontiersin.org)
A total of twenty four adult male albino rats weighing between 100 and 150g were divided into six groups. (academicjournals.org)

IR lungs displayed significantly elevated W/D ratios after IR compared with control lungs (p = 0.001). (nih.gov)

We used the avridine arthritis rat model to evaluate the tissue response in the synovial, interstitial and subcutaneous tissues after implant insertion. (lu.se)
Despite the relatively rapid wound healing, however, tissues damaged during periodontal and implant surgery are continuously challenged by bacterial infection in the oral cavity, necessitating meticulous maintenance of oral hygiene and additional plaque control. (spandidos-publications.com)

To test this hypothesis, rats were given bilateral IgG-192-saporin injections, which predominantly targets cholinergic BF neurons. (sri.com)

RGC viability in each condition was evaluated and compared with controls. (molvis.org)

Brain and lung tissue samples showing Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus ), Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2019-2022. (cdc.gov)
First, to date, evidence on monoaminergic differences between high and low P rats is based largely on ex vivo, whole-tissue measures of DA and 5-HT rather than extracellular measures of transmitter release. (aspetjournals.org)
The tissue response to titanium and polyethylene was also vastly different in arthritic synovial tissue compared with control tissue. (lu.se)
In this study we examine the effect on contralateral tissue protein levels, in a model of unilateral UVB irradiation, as the contralateral side is commonly used as a control. (lu.se)
Control tissue was collected from naïve rats. (lu.se)
Control tissue was collected from na{\"i}ve rats. (lu.se)

Each of these PNN-associated changes is reversed following a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) at a dose that induces sustained diabetes remission in male ZDF rats. (nature.com)
1992) that chloroquine treatment of rats eventually would lead to infertility by resulting in late germ cell developmental with depletion of spermatids (Abayomi O, 1992).This suggested the requirement for the quinine to occupied a place as a male contraceptive agent in humans (Osinubi et al. (researchgate.net)
1. Background of Male Contraception Clear evidence observed that women instead of men are paying interestingly for birth control. (researchgate.net)
Compared to control rats, male rats exposed to 14 days of postnatal hyperoxia then aged to 1 year demonstrated higher skeletal muscle fatigability, lower muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity, more mitochondrial damage, and higher glycolytic enzyme expression. (frontiersin.org)
Juvenile and adult and male and female Lewis rats (Rattusnorvegicus) were inoculated with MAA. (medworm.com)
A total of 32 male rats were subdivided into 4 groups: control (group I), MTX treated (group II), MTX+CRV treated (group III), and MTX+PE treated (group IV). (ersjournals.com)
The object of present study is to investigate the effects of 50 GHz microwave frequency electromagnetic fields on reproductive system of male rats. (nih.gov)
We conclude that these radiations may have a significant effect on reproductive system of male rats, which may be an indication of male infertility. (nih.gov)
All P1 and F1 (P2) male and female animals received test or control material daily for at least 10 weeks prior to mating, throughout the mating period, and until the day prior to euthanasia. (europa.eu)
Thompson's team used two groups of male laboratory rats. (worldhealth.net)

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether postnatal hyperoxia exposure in rats could recapitulate the skeletal and metabolic phenotype of premature birth, and to characterize the subcellular metabolic changes associated with postnatal hyperoxia exposure, with a secondary aim to evaluate sex differences in this model. (frontiersin.org)
During exposure, rats were confined in Plexiglas cages with drilled ventilation holes for 2 h a day for 45 days continuously at a specified specific absorption rate of 8.0 x 10(-4) W/kg. (nih.gov)
After the last exposure, the rats were sacrificed immediately and sperms were collected. (nih.gov)
Compared with individual exposures, co-exposure aerosols produced greater acellular and cellular oxidants detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and in vivo immune-spin trapping (IST), as well as synergistically increased lavage neutrophils, lavage proteins and inflammation related gene/protein expression. (cdc.gov)
Co-exposure induced a significantly greater respiratory function decline compared to individual exposure. (cdc.gov)
Developing and studying the co-exposure scenario in a standardized and controlled fashion will enable a better mechanistic understanding of how environmental exposures result in adverse outcomes. (cdc.gov)

We performed the TRE assay five times and calculated the mean e value for each rat. (bmj.com)

Group 3 and 4 were given, IM quinine 10mg/kg body weight + water + rat chow and graded proportions of extract of Telfairia occidentalis of 4.5g, and 6.0g, respectively. (researchgate.net)
Overall, the present findings highlight the efficacy of T. parthenium water extract in controlling the inflammatory pathways that occur during cortical-spreading depression. (researchgate.net)
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of carvacrol (CRV) and pomegranate extract (PE) on MTX induced lung injury in rats. (ersjournals.com)
aspirin was administered to rats in Group C and 1.0ml of Aloe vera was administered to rats in Group D, rats in Group E were administered Aloe vera extract only while rats in Group F were administered with 100mg/kg of aspirin, 1.0ml of Aloe vera and 1.0ml of honey. (academicjournals.org)
The antioxidant effects of Portulaca oleracea seeds extract (POS) and its fertility-enhancing effects were inspiring to evaluate the protective potential and pinpoint the mechanisms and molecular targets of the UPLC-MS fingerprinted POS extract on ACR-induced testicular toxicity in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
A study on the protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in acute alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was evaluated. (bvsalud.org)

The classical three-point bending and impact tests were carried out for three rat bone groups: control (SHO), the humerus of animals under the conditions of established osteopenia (OVX), and bones of rats receiving nesfatin-1 after ovariectomy (NES). (mdpi.com)
Metabolites which were important for the classification in the three groups of rats were selected as potential biomarkers and identified by MS n information achieved from UFLC / MS-IT-TOF analysis. (rsc.org)
Groups treated with aspirin had the highest WBC count of 5.83× 103 (±0.03) while the control group had the lowest WBC count of 2.7× 103 (±0.03). (academicjournals.org)
The team introduced stress to both groups of rats via electrical shocks to their tails. (worldhealth.net)

A rat model of propofol-induced brain injury was established with or without the treatment of esketamine. (degruyter.com)
In this study, we evaluated MAA-induced uveitis in rats as a potential model for JIA-uveitis. (medworm.com)
Klarik Z, Tamas R, Toth E, Kiss F, Kovacs EL, Jäckel M, Furka I, Nemeth N. Intra and postoperative evaluations of microcirculation and micro-rheological parameters in a rat model of musculocutaneous flap ischemia-reperfusion. (scielo.br)
and methanol ( Ratheesh and Helen, 2007 ) extracts of arial parts of this plant have been shown to possess marked anti-inflammatory action when tested against rat carregeenan-induced paw edema model. (scialert.net)
In the animal model, palatal wound closure was significantly enhanced in rats treated with Tβ4. (spandidos-publications.com)

P and NP rats also show distinct differences with regard to brain DA transmission. (aspetjournals.org)
We here report that ATP levels, the energy currency of brain cells, show a surge in the initial hours of spontaneous sleep in wake-active but not in sleep-active brain regions of rat. (jneurosci.org)
Esketamine activated the mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B/phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K) signaling pathway in propofol-administrated rats. (degruyter.com)
Overall, esketamine mitigates propofol-induced cognitive dysfunction and brain injury in rats by activating mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling. (degruyter.com)
We tested mRNA and protein expression levels of rat SIRT1-7, and the levels of associated proteins in the brain using RT-PCR and western blotting. (frontiersin.org)
Traumatic brain injury in rats produced significant deteriotation of cognition and motor functions. (researchsquare.com)

Uveitis, arthritis, ANA status, levels ofinflammatory biomarkers, histopathology, and joint tomographic images were assessed in relation to age and sex and comparedwith nonuveitic controls. (medworm.com)

Carcinogenic potential in study 1 was scored by comparing the number, area and staining intensity of GST-P positive foci and number of cells/cm2 of the foci in the livers of rats treated with the decoction (test 1 and test 2) or garlic (positive control, control 2) for 10 weeks with those of the corresponding group (control 1 ) of rats given DEN and distilled water. (who.int)

BF adenosine (ADO), γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), and glutamate levels were then determined via microdialysis from intact, freely behaving rats following oral ALM, ZOL or VEH. (sri.com)

Moreover, knocking down BDNF partially reversed esketamine-mediated activation of the mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling pathway and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in propofol-induced rats. (degruyter.com)

Information on the reproductive toxicity of IPA is available from an oral gavage study, conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 416 and in compliance with GLP in rats. (europa.eu)
Additionally, the reproductive toxicity of IPA was assessed in a one-generation study in rats, conducted according to a method equivalent to OECD Test Guideline 415 and in compliance with GLP. (europa.eu)

Serum and lung specimen analyses demonstrated that MDA, TOS and OSI levels were significantly greater in group II relative to controls. (ersjournals.com)
MTX treatment results in rat lung oxidative damage that is partially counteracted by pretreatment with either CRV or PE. (ersjournals.com)
The 13C retained in the lung at 0.5 h postexposure was about 70% less than predicted by rat deposition models for ultrafine particles, and did not change significantly during the 24-h postexposure period. (cdc.gov)

In 2023, another study by pest control company MMPC using Auerbach's methodology estimated that the rat population has since increased to nearly 3 million. (wikipedia.org)

Intensive-dose statin therapy provides a significant benefit for preventing cardiovascular events compared with moderate-dose statin therapy [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Significant systemic hypertension developed in chronically NO-blocked rats compared to controls. (jci.org)
The present study observed significant reductions in serum levels of AST, ALT, HA, LN, PCIII and Hyp in APE‑treated (2.6 and 5.2 g/kg) rats, indicating the significant hepatoprotective effects of APE. (spandidos-publications.com)
When this happened, the prebiotic group showed a significant increase in REM sleep cycles when compared to the control group. (worldhealth.net)
The Spearmans rank correlation coefficients between the source control collection efficiencies and the standard metrics ranged from 0.03 to 0.68 and were significant in all but two cases. (cdc.gov)

At the end of the stretch protocol, isometric force deficits were 26% larger in S rats compared to L rats and 17% smaller in L rats compared to control. (cdc.gov)

The simvastatin intervention rats were fed with simvastatin during the experiment process, and the simvastatin treatment rats were fed with simvastatin after diabetes rats were induced. (hindawi.com)
These data indicate that simvastatin intervention rats may cause hyperglycemia by impairing the function of islet β cells and have an adverse effect on glucose homeostasis, especially on FPG level. (hindawi.com)
Toward this goal, we observed the different effect between simvastatin intervention rats and simvastatin treatment rats, especially on FPG levels of various periods. (hindawi.com)
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (atorvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin) on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its active metabolite EXP-3174 in rats. (karger.com)
The total body clearance (CL/F) of losartan after oral administration with simvastatin was significantly decreased (by 34.8%) compared to that of controls. (karger.com)
Consequently, the absolute bioavailability (F) of losartan after oral administration with simvastatin was significantly increased by 59.4% compared to that of control. (karger.com)

Benefits include the ability of 3D to provide a more physiologically relevant environment, for the generation of uniform, size-controlled spheroids with organ-like microarchitecture and morphology. (unige.ch)

In order to investigate whether the AAE/acoustic enrichment ameliorates ARHL when it was initiated after the manifestation of HL, 16-month-old Fischer 344/NHsd rats (n=5) were exposed to the non-traumatic noise (4-20 kHz and 80 dB SPL), for 12 hours/day for 3 months. (cdc.gov)

This study has evaluated the diuretic potential of R. graveolens leaves in rats using a Hot Water Infusion (HWI). (scialert.net)

Rats injected with ISO exhibited severe interstitial cardiac fibrosis and perivascular fibrosis, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, and increased NOX activity. (dovepress.com)
Results: MRI scans showed increased signal (oedema) at day 3-7 and again at day 21 (fibrosis) in the lungs of Bleomycin exposed rats. (lu.se)

However, a 2023 study estimates that there are approximately 3 million rats in New York, which is close to a third of New York's human population. (wikipedia.org)
However, a 2014 study by Jonathan Auerbach, which was reported in the Royal Statistical Society's Significance magazine, estimated that there were closer to 2 million rats in the city. (wikipedia.org)
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) on the wound healing of rat palatal (RP) mucosa and related cellular properties. (spandidos-publications.com)
A multigeneration study to ascertain the toxicological effects of Great Lakes salmon fed to rats: Study overview and design. (cdc.gov)
This study examined the long-term change in serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neuronal function and 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist-induced behaviour following treatment of young rats with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). (erowid.org)
Therefore, it was used as a positive control in the present study. (who.int)
In study 1, the short-term effects of the decoction on GST-P+ expression in rat hepatocytes were investigated. (who.int)

Urinary pH, specific conductivity, specific gravity, Na + , K + , Cl¯ levels and creatinine clearance were determined (with the highest dose and control). (scialert.net)
A single dose of 73 mg/kg CRV was administered intraperitoneally to rats in group III on Day 1 of the investigation. (ersjournals.com)
Decoction dose 1(4g/kg body weight/day) corresponding to the normal therapeutic dose, was administered to the test group of rats, while dose 2, was given to the test 2 group of rats, provided a higher dose (6g/kg body weight/day). (who.int)

Pharmacokinetic parameters of losartan and EXP-3174 in rats were determined after oral and intravenous administration of losartan (9 mg/kg) without and with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (1 mg/kg). (karger.com)
To evaluate the effect of two models of chronic stress in rats and their association with induced periodontitis on hematological parameters: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit (Ht), erythrocytes (Hm), hemoglobin (Hg) and leukocytes (Lk). (bvsalud.org)
The stress associated with periodontitis is able to modify blood parameters in rats. (bvsalud.org)

1989. Hexachlorobenzene-induced hyperthyroidism and osteosclerosis in rats. (cdc.gov)

Additionally, P1 and F1 (P2) females received test or control material during gestation, lactation, and until the day prior to euthanasia, following weaning of their offspring on day 21 postpartum. (europa.eu)

Our results provide novel insights in the complex metabolic mechanisms occurring in depression and excess fatigue rats. (rsc.org)
Results were also compared with native islets. (unige.ch)
The results showed that the AAE/acoustic enrichment group showed significantly smaller ABR threshold shifts at 4 and 8 kHz and fewer numbers of deteriorated OHC (apoptotic, necrotic, and missing OHCs) compared to the deprived animals. (cdc.gov)
The results showed that the "vector" for ARHL was essentially stopped by the introduction of AAE and by 13 weeks of the treatment, the control group had 10-20 dB larger ABR threshold shifts at 20-40 kHz compared to the AAE group. (cdc.gov)
The selection of control group is crucial, as the use of an inadequate group may strongly affect the results. (lu.se)

The mechanisms by which statins may affect glycemic control have been under discussion [ 14 ], but not clear. (hindawi.com)

Group 1 (control) were given clean drinking water and rat chow, group 2 were given intra-muscular (IM) quinine injection 10mg/kg body weight + water + rat chow. (researchgate.net)
While Group 5 were given rat chow + water + 6.0g of Telfairia occidentalis. (researchgate.net)
The THC group exhibited an impairment of the acquisition, as compared with the control group. (erowid.org)
In the presence of relaxin, the values obtained under IR conditions were significantly reduced compared with those in the vehicle-treated IR group, but not significantly different from those obtained in the control + relaxin group (p = 0.079). (nih.gov)
In Control group the flaps were repositioned and sutured back. (scielo.br)
Conversely, the TAC level was significantly reduced in group II when compared to the control group. (ersjournals.com)
A, B, C, D, E and F) of four rats each in a group, Rats in Group A served as control and were given water and feeds only. (academicjournals.org)
The control group was fed standard food. (worldhealth.net)
Under normal conditions, rats in the control group were found to spend less time in NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep than those that received the prebiotics. (worldhealth.net)
Compared with the control group, the expression of NOX2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Snail was increased in vivo and in vitro but decreased with TMZ treatment. (dovepress.com)
Additionally, fewer numbers of deteriorated OHCs were observed in the AAE group compared to the control group. (cdc.gov)
The control group was limited coexist in the central nervous system with to 10 because of cost considerations. (who.int)
During the post mortem of rats after nine monts, one hepatocellular adenoma (HA) was found in the DEN control group. (who.int)

Fig. 3: Effect of a single icv FGF1 injection on Arc PNN assembly and composition in ZDF rats. (nature.com)
Following injection of tetanus toxin into rat gastrocnemius muscle to produce hypertonia, plantar flexor muscles were allowed to shorten (S, n=5) without restraint or held lengthened (L, n=3) by splinting. (cdc.gov)

Rats were housed in wire-floored cages under a 12 h light-dark cycle for at least 7 days prior to treatment and were fed with standard laboratory chow and tap water ad libitum. (hindawi.com)
The animals were housed in the polyacrylic cages under controlled environment (room temperature 25 ± 2℃ and 60 ± 10% relative humidity) with 12h light/dark reverse cycle. (researchsquare.com)

Force during stretches of rat skeletal muscles after hypertonia at short and long lengths. (cdc.gov)

In these studies we investigated the effects of chronic inhibition of basal NO synthesis in the rat for a 2-mo period. (jci.org)

It is concluded that quercetin reduces serum homocysteine by increasing remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine in rats exposed to a methionine-enriched diet. (hindawi.com)

Conclusion: Children with SCA had lower TAC but higher TOS and OSI than matched controls. (bvsalud.org)

0.01) compared with animals in control 1. (who.int)

Effect of short-term ischemia on microcirculation and wound healing of adipocutaneous flaps in the rat 1 1 Research performed at Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary. (scielo.br)
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin as an antiestrogen: Effect on rat uterine peroxidase activity. (cdc.gov)
No effect was observed upon administration of muscimol to LA rats. (scirp.org)

Recombinant rat IL-7 induces the proliferation of PHA activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (biolegend.com)

We compared NDD-relevant neuropathological outcomes at postnatal days 51-55 in TRAP-exposed animals versus control subjects exposed to filtered air. (nature.com)

The body weight of rats was monitored weekly. (medscimonit.com)

Anatomy40

Organisms17

Diseases31

Chemicals and Drugs88

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science1

Health Care3

Wistar12

Sprague-Dawley5

Methods2

Hippocampal4

Female rats4

Metabolism2

0.055

Injected rats served1

Diabetic11

Feces2

Saline4

Postnatal day3

Urine4

Five rats2

Oxidative stress4

Experimental3

Hepatic4

Liver6

Adult male2

0.0011

Tissues2

Neurons1

Viability1

Tissue6

Male10

Exposure6

Assay1

Extract6

Groups4

Model5

Brain6

Biomarkers1

Livers1

Microdialysis1

Apoptosis1

Toxicity2

Lung3

Pest Control1

Significant5

Deficits1

Simvastatin6

Physiologically1

Fischer1

Infusion1

Fibrosis2

Study7

Dose3

Parameters3

19891

Gestation1

Results5

Glycemic control1

Group13

Injection2

Cages2

Skeletal1

Inhibition1

Serum1

Conclusion1

0.011

Effect3

Induces1

Animals1

Body weight1