• Calcium ions act as versatile messengers, regulating numerous cellular processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, and gene expression. (nature.com)
  • They act as signaling molecules, regulating cellular processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • The extrinsic pathway is mediated by a variety of death receptor ligands, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Fas ligand (FaSL), that trigger apoptosis by binding to cell surface receptors. (cdc.gov)
  • We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)
  • The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
  • Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
  • created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
  • Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
  • found that the JNK pathway activated apoptosis in anterior cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • when Eiger was absent from posterior cells in the wing imaginal disc, apoptosis in anterior cells ceased, indicating that Eiger might signal at long range. (elifesciences.org)
  • Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
  • The best studied is apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death used by all multicellular organisms to eliminate cells that are damaged, no longer needed or which might become a threat to the organism. (edu.au)
  • We use a combination of biochemical, cell biology, structural biology and medicinal chemistry approaches to understand the precise molecular mechanisms that control apoptosis. (edu.au)
  • Complementary projects in the lab focus on autophagy, a cell survival process that has significant cross-talk with apoptosis. (edu.au)
  • There is some evidence that Bcl-2 pro-survival proteins (which normally keep cells alive by inhibiting the cell death program of apoptosis) are expressed at unusually high levels in melanoma compared to normal melanocytes. (edu.au)
  • Communication between the cell survival pathway of autophagy and the cell death pathway of apoptosis is crucial for determining the best outcome for the cell, and ultimately its fate. (edu.au)
  • The first is to use an in vivo approach to analyse transgenic mice in which the autophagy regulator known as Beclin has been engineered to either disrupt or enhance its regulation by key components (i.e. proteins) of the apoptosis pathways. (edu.au)
  • This unit will cover how key signalling pathways in cells transduce extracellular signals to regulate gene expression and cellular processes such as growth and apoptosis. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Many studies on the cancer-killing activity of 125 I seeds radiation mainly focused on its ability to trigger apoptosis, which is the most well-known and dominant type of cell death induced by radiation. (hindawi.com)
  • However our results showed some unique morphological features such as cell swelling, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and plasma membrane integrity, which is obviously different to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • We found besides apoptosis that 125 I seed radiation killed colorectal cancer cell via inducing paraptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • This form of cell death is fundamentally different from apoptosis and lacks some distinct characteristics of apoptosis such as DNA fragmentation, pyknosis, or caspase activation and cleavage [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that RP11-789C1.1 inhibited the proliferation of GC cells and promoted the apoptosis of GC cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we aim to identify the key molecules and signaling pathways by analyzing the RNA-seq data. (researchsquare.com)
  • The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death, and tumour formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • When groups of proteins communicate with each other, they create a pathway . (kidshealth.org)
  • In addition, a PPI network can be modeled as an undirected graph, where vertices represent proteins and edges represent interactions between proteins, to prioritize disease associated genes or pathways and to understand the modus operandi of disease mechanisms [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Study biologically important molecules including DNA, RNA and proteins, as well as the molecular events that govern cell function. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Lee's research team continues to study the role of plasmodesmal proteins in plant communication. (udel.edu)
  • The team discovered that as two types of cancer cells reproduced and created more crowded conditions in the test site, these cells secreted certain proteins that encouraged migration. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The second approach is to isolate actin-associated proteins using molecular and biochemical techniques, to characterize their function in vitro, and to use these as probes to dissect cytoskeletal function in living plant cells. (purdue.edu)
  • This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms that regulate aberrant circEHMT1 expression and its role in the pathogenesis of DR. METHODS: In this study, retinal microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to a high glucose (HG) environment, and subsequently, tube formation and intercellular junction proteins were evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
  • These signals are transmitted to specific targets within the cell by intracellular signalling pathways that employ post-translational modifications, particularly phosphorylation. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Intracellular signalling pathways: covering the major pathways in cells (MAPK, PI3K-AKT, mTOR, JAK-STAT, SMAD, IKK-NF- k B, Wnt), their components and key roles of protein kinases and phosphatases. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • This pathway plays a prominent role in inter- and intracellular communication and subversion can lead to cancer, fibrosis vascular disorders and immune diseases. (lu.se)
  • This work package utilises our large islet RNA data sets as well as a new human islet cell encyclopedia generated by single-cell RNA sequencing, and focuses on miRNA translation pathways, membrane receptor and intracellular Ca2+ signalling pathways. (lu.se)
  • Called neural networks, these computers are loosely modeled after the interconnected web of neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain. (popsci.com)
  • 2017. Drebrin mediated microtubule-actomyosin coupling steers two-stroke nucleokinesis and migration pathway selection in cerebellar granule neurons . (kcl.ac.uk)
  • This study investigated the role of TIGAR in DNA damage response (DDR) induced by genotoxic drugs and hypoxia in tumor cells. (nature.com)
  • The mutational inactivation of the TP53 gene in tumor cells has been reported to affect not only tumor cells but also the surrounding cells in the tumor microenvironment and to promote tumor-stromal activation and subsequent tumor growth ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In lots of tumor cells these inter-receptor communications have already been from the resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors [18]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • By studying tumor cells in a three-dimensional environment that resembles human tissue, the researchers were able to determine how these activities begin. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They found that cells in this surgical margin acted as niches of recurrence where non-malignant glia were broadcasting pro-growth signals that influenced the tumor cells to regrow. (ucsf.edu)
  • The tumor microenvironment consists of various cell types and fibroblasts in the tumor tissue, called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which play pivotal role in tumor progression ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a number of physiological and pathological processes, including gene transcription and translation, chromatin modification, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and oncogenic and tumor-suppressive signals in cancer 6 . (researchsquare.com)
  • Using Biochemical Systems Theory (BST), this article attempts to model and characterize dopaminergic cell death and understand pathophysiology of progression of PD. (amrita.edu)
  • Identify targetable mechanisms and pathways underlying initiation and progression of SIDD. (lu.se)
  • They actively participate in cellular signaling pathways, communicating with other cellular components through various mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • We further focused our interest on the molecular mechanisms that underlie 125 I seeds radiation-induced paraptosis on colorectal cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • She participates in multidisciplinary projects to decipher cell mechanisms rewiring in cancer. (routledge.com)
  • Jung-Youn Lee, UD professor of plant molecular and cellular biology, focuses her research on understanding the mechanisms of plant cell communication. (udel.edu)
  • Additionally, free radical content was sustained after ozonated CNPs were suspended in cell culture media, indicating that mechanisms other than oxidative stress may drive CNP mediated cell responses. (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptotic pathways of cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • In the intrinsic pathway, several adverse factors act upon mitochondria to cause loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in leakage into the cytosol of cytochrome C (Cyto C), which together with apoptotic protease activating factor 1 forms the apoptosome that activates caspase-9. (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Eiger is produced in apoptotic cells and, through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, is able to propagate the initial apoptotic stimulus. (elifesciences.org)
  • We also show that during coordinated cell death of hair follicle cells in mice, TNF-α is expressed in apoptotic cells and is required for normal cell death. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
  • To explore whether apoptotic cells could communicate with other cells, Pérez-Garijo et al. (elifesciences.org)
  • found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
  • Only more recently has it become clear that apoptotic cells are the source of signals that can have profound effects on their neighbors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Moreover, the expression of AIP1 is specifically inhibited in paraptosis cells, while it is not affected in apoptotic cells [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The pathway communicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to the cell nucleus, resulting in the activation of genes through the process of transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • When prompted by peptide signals, stem cells in the meristem develop into any of the plant's organs - roots, leaves, or flowers, for example. (rdworldonline.com)
  • These signals generally work like a key (the peptide) fitting into a lock on the surface of a cell (the protein receptor). (rdworldonline.com)
  • The cells of our body integrate signals from multiple stimuli in order to mount appropriate physiological responses. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Unlike a brick wall, however, plant cells are also linked by fine thread-like nano-tunnels called plasmodesmata, through which cells transmit various signals and messages to share. (udel.edu)
  • Obviously, when the channels are closed off, no signals would be transmitted, isolating the cells from getting any messages from their neighbors," said Lee. (udel.edu)
  • When auxin, the hormone that drives the formation of the lateral root tissue, signals to the plant cells that a new root is ready to form and emerge, it also tells those cells directly overlying the newly forming root to start producing PDLP5. (udel.edu)
  • These paracrine (cell extrinsic) signals stimulated the activator protein (AP1) pathway, leading to mesenchymal transition, therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. (ucsf.edu)
  • Pro-growth signals from the tumor microenvironment, as well as the cell-intrinsic response to radiation therapy, drove the mesenchymal shift through a stress-response pathway mediated by AP1. (ucsf.edu)
  • These activated STATs form hetero- or homodimers, where the SH2 domain of each STAT binds the phosphorylated tyrosine of the opposite STAT, and the dimer then translocates to the cell nucleus to induce transcription of target genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Changes in the genes (our genetic "blueprints") in the RAS pathway cause the RASopathies. (kidshealth.org)
  • The objective of this work is to identify dysregulated genes and pathways of ccRCC temporally according to systematic tracking of the dysregulated modules of reweighted Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks. (hindawi.com)
  • Finally, gene compositions of altered modules were analyzed, and pathways enrichment analyses of genes in altered modules were carried out based on Expression Analysis Systematic Explored (EASE) test. (hindawi.com)
  • We successfully identified dysregulated genes and pathways of ccRCC in different stages, and these might be potential biological markers and processes for treatment and etiology mechanism in ccRCC. (hindawi.com)
  • While the transfer of already existing genes from one cell to another characterized an earlier phase of the field of biotechnology, synthetic biology involves the design, assembly, synthesis, or manufacture of new genomes, biological pathways, devices or organisms not found in nature. (cdc.gov)
  • A second capability of synthetic biology involves the re-design of existing genes, cells or organisms for the purpose of gene therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • Modification of existing genes in living animal and human cells is enabled by engineered nucleases such as meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases, and the CRISPR-Cas system. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 10 ] The protein products of the HLA genes are critical components of cell-to-cell communication in the immune system. (medscape.com)
  • A genome-wide study in a northern European population replicated the association of SLE with susceptibility genes related to B-cell receptor pathway signaling, as well as confirmed the association of SLE with genes at the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5)-TNPO3 locus. (medscape.com)
  • We present a rate equation model for the TGF-β pathway in endothelial cells together with novel measurements. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, the biological functions of circEHMT1 and its potential regulatory factor, eIF4A3, in microvascular endothelial cells under HG conditions were also assessed. (bvsalud.org)
  • RESULTS: It was revealed that HG condition decreased circEHMT1 and eIF4A3 expressions and reduced ZO-1, Claudin-5, and Occludin levels in retinal microvascular endothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • With access to thirty years' worth of GBM's, the scientists were able to present novel cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic targets as well as a single-cell multi-omics atlas of GBM under therapy. (ucsf.edu)
  • This was the first time that researchers were able to comprehensively map intra-cellular signaling in the tumor-anatomical niches of recurrent GBM and identify novel cell-extrinsic therapeutic targets. (ucsf.edu)
  • The binding of various ligands, usually cytokines, such as interferons and interleukins, to cell-surface receptors, causes the receptors to dimerize, which brings the receptor-associated JAKs into close proximity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Current knowledge states that different cell types communicate by ligand-receptor interactions: hormones, growth factors, and cytokines are released into the extracellular space and act on receptors, which are often expressed in a cell-type-specific manner. (gencat.cat)
  • In this paper, we propose that lncRNA-miRNA interactions, analogous to receptor-ligand interactions, are responsible for cell-type-specific outcomes. (gencat.cat)
  • A team of plant geneticists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) has identified a protein receptor on stem cells involved in plant development that can issue different instructions about how to grow depending on what peptide (protein fragment) activates it. (rdworldonline.com)
  • FEA2 is an important receptor in the CLAVATA signaling pathway, which is known to activate stem cells. (rdworldonline.com)
  • The molecular underpinnings common to and connecting these disorders are not known, but may include shared genetic risk factors ( 1 , 8 ), regulation of brain cations ( 9 , 10 ), or common receptor signaling events that activate pain ( 11 ), inflammation ( 12 ), or oxidative ( 13 ) pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, alterations in key molecular pathways such as for example WNT/-catenin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are normal to HCC development [4-6]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Correction to: Nature Communications, published online 27 March 2023 In the Acknowledgements section of this article, the grant number relating to US National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium given for Li Ding was incorrectly given as U24CA210976 and should have been U24CA210972. (wustl.edu)
  • After decades of research, important mechanistic details of overactivation or abnormal activation of oncogenic signaling pathways remain unresolved. (unige.ch)
  • Abnormal levels of neurosteroids impairs cell survival, likely leading to nerve cell death . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The abnormal buildup of cholesterol in the brain probably also contributes to the death of nerve cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Abnormal communications produce pathways that allow enteric bacteria to pass between the proximal and distal bowel. (medscape.com)
  • Insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar, is made in pancreatic beta cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • Oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase helps maintain normal cholesterol levels in the brain and, by producing neurosteroids through altering existing hormones within the pathway, regulates the effects of neurosteroids on the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: Altogether, eIF4A3 regulates circEHMT1 expression, thereby affecting microvascular endothelial cell injury and tube formation. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, mitochondrial fusion promotes resistance to stress-induced cell death, while fission is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. (nature.com)
  • The EGFR system plays an important role in cell proliferation, survival and migration and its own altered activity continues to be implicated in the development and growth of several tumors including HCC [7]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • A series of functional experiments revealed the effect of RP11-789C1.1 on the proliferation of GC cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the team's animal studies, the researchers found that applying two existing drugs -- Tocilizumab and Reparaxin -- blocked the receptors that enable cancer cells to get their relocation orders. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They compared the expression of signal receptors to that of their known ligands, between the different cell populations sequenced. (ucsf.edu)
  • It was found that QDs interact with scavenger receptors, and enter cells via a clathrin coated pit mediated pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • We found that 125 I seeds radiation activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and could trigger paraptosis-like cell death. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, inhibitor of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway could inhibit paraptosis-like cell death induced by 125 I seeds radiation. (hindawi.com)
  • Our data suggest that 125 I seeds radiation can induce paraptosis-like cell death via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • We found that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway involved the modulation of 125 I seeds radiation-induced paraptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • 2015. Capping protein integrates multiple MAMP signalling pathways to modulate actin dynamics during plant innate immunity. (purdue.edu)
  • Results showed that TIGAR was increased and relocated to the nucleus after epirubicin or hypoxia treatment in cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • The Cdk5-AMT signal pathway involved in regulation of DDR by TIGAR defines a new role of TIGAR in cancer cell survival and it suggests that TIGAR may be a therapeutic target for cancers. (nature.com)
  • We have previously reported that TIGAR plays a pro-survival role in cancer cells through increase PPP flux 19 . (nature.com)
  • Intercellular communication is essential for the development of specialized cells, tissues, and organs and is critical in a variety of diseases including cancer. (gencat.cat)
  • TP53‑deficiency in cancer cells is associated with robust stromal activation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The role of exosomes collected by ultracentrifugation were also analyzed as mediators of p53 expression in cancer cells and APJ expression in fibroblasts. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • APJ expression in fibroblasts co‑cultured with p53‑suppressed colon cancer cells (HCT116 sh p53 cells) was significantly lower than in control colon cancer cells (HCT116 sh control cells). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNA 5703 enriched in exosomes derived from HCT116 sh p53 cells inhibited APJ expression, and inhibition of miR‑5703 diminished APJ suppression in fibroblasts caused by cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • APJ suppression from a specific microRNA in cancer cell‑derived exosomes induced CAF‑like properties in fibroblasts. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Alterations in signaling pathways are implicated in cancer. (unige.ch)
  • For example, increased expression of LINC00958 attributes to cell metastasis in gastric cancer 7 . (researchsquare.com)
  • In our study, we analyzed the effects of the knockdown of LINC00958 in endometrial cancer cells by using the RNA-seq data. (researchsquare.com)
  • This process is often deregulated in cancer cells, allowing them to survive and proliferate when otherwise they should be eliminated. (edu.au)
  • Within the last years, interreceptor crosstalk has received significant attention as an important aspect in understanding the increasingly complex signaling networks operating within normal and cancer cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Within this review we summarize the crosstalk between EGFR Efaproxiral and other signaling pathways that might be highly relevant to liver cancer development and treatment. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • How this is achieved is a central area of research and has relevance to other examples of cellular migration such as cancer cell metastasis. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • 2017. The drebrin/EB3 pathway drives invasive activity in prostate cancer . (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and accounts for approximately 60% to 70% of all renal tumors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The link between stem cells and cancer cells as well as the strategy to take advantage of the body's immune system to better understand and tackle this disease is especially intriguing to me. (dkfz.de)
  • It will also provide an understanding of how disruption of these pathways can lead to diseases such as cancer and stroke. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • This pathway for nuclear access was first discovered in the team's research on cancer metastasis and is likely involved in other diseases as well. (israelnationalnews.com)
  • Pathway Databases and Network Resources in Cancer. (routledge.com)
  • Mathematical Models of Signalling Pathways and Gene Regulation Involved in Cancer. (routledge.com)
  • Single-Cell Analysis in Cancer. (routledge.com)
  • Researchers have discovered a biochemical signaling process that causes densely packed cancer cells to break away from a tumor and spread the disease elsewhere in the body. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We found that it was not the overall size of a primary tumor that caused cancer cells to spread, but how tightly those cells are jammed together when they break away from the tumor," said lead author Hasini Jayatilaka, a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins' Physical Sciences-Oncology Center. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Nevertheless, they said the discovery contributes to a promising new focus for cancer research: disrupting the biochemical activity that prods cancer cells to spread through the body. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The two key drivers of metastasis, Wirtz said, are cancer cells' tendency to reproduce at a rapid rate and their ability to move through surrounding tissue until they reach the bloodstream, where they can then hitch a ride to spread the disease to other parts of the body. (sciencedaily.com)
  • IL-6 and IL-8 seem to deliver a message to cancer cells, telling them to move away from the densely populated primary tumor," said lead author Jayatilaka, who recently earned her doctorate in chemical and biomolecular engineering as a member of Wirtz's lab team and earlier received her undergraduate degree from Johns Hopkins' Whiting School of Engineering. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In our eight-week experiment, when we used these two drugs together, the growth of the primary tumor itself was not stopped, but the spread of the cancer cells was significantly decreased," Jayatilaka said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It is rare to find such a wide-ranging perspective on this topic in one volume and this collection of papers will be valuable to investigators interested in many aspects of cell biology, genetics, and cancer. (cshlpress.com)
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. (mdpi.com)
  • Previous studies have shown that extracellular α-synuclein aggregates can activate microglial cells, induce inflammation and contribute to the neurodegenerative process in PD. (lu.se)
  • Patient-pathway analysis identified gaps in the alignment of services with where people seek care. (who.int)
  • Epirubicin, a DNA damaging anticancer agent and CoCl 2 , which was used to imitate hypoxia condition, was applied to induce DNA damage in TIGAR knockdown HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
  • This may also explain the conundrum of why there do not appear to be stem cells in the pancreas," Alonso added. (umassmed.edu)
  • Pathways that control plant stem cells can be modified to make plants generate bigger fruits or more seeds. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Plant growth and development depend on structures called meristems - reservoirs in plants that contain stem cells. (rdworldonline.com)
  • We think the way this stem cell signaling pathway works is fundamental to all plants," Jackson says. (rdworldonline.com)
  • We have shown that, in theory, the pathways that control stem cells can be modified to make bigger fruits or more seeds. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Tracing Stem Cell Differentiation with Single-Cell Resolution. (routledge.com)
  • Brain stem The brain's functions are both mysterious and remarkable, relying on billions of nerve cells and the internal communication between them. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These studies therefore shed light on a conserved pathway in the modulation of tissue development. (elifesciences.org)
  • This will provide the first physiological readout to determine how important these interactions are in crosstalk between the pathways. (edu.au)
  • Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus , the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1) is the only currently known active autonomous transposon in humans, and its retrotransposition may cause deleterious effects on the structure and function of host cell genomes and result in sporadic genetic diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Topics covered include cell structure and function, DNA replication and the flow of genetic information, enzyme function, metabolism and physiology of microorganisms, plants, and animals. (sfu.ca)
  • The KEGG and GO analyses indicated 'Human T − cell leukemia virus 1 infection' and 'Hippo signaling pathway' were the main affected biological processes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Results from this work will significantly advance our understanding of how the interplay between cell death and cell survival is regulated, which is still poorly understood despite its considerable biological importance. (edu.au)
  • These artificial cell systems have the potential to increase understanding of biological and cellular processes, while also having potential applications in healthcare technologies. (europa.eu)
  • Reactome: A Free and Reliable Database to Analyze Biological Pathways. (routledge.com)
  • This communication sought to further investigate nanoparticle/cell interactions, ensuing toxicity and cellular responses within biological systems. (cdc.gov)
  • In vivo experiments verified the effect of RP11-789C1.1 on the biological behavior of a GC cell line. (bvsalud.org)
  • Synthetic biology is playing an increasing role in the commercial bioeconomy as providers of biological designs, optimized biological molecules, laboratory suppliers of customer-specified DNA, RNA, enzymes and cell-cloning services, and in drug development. (cdc.gov)
  • In their recent article published in Trends in Cell Biology , Prof. Vladimir Katanaev and Dr Karolina Zielinska have overviewed the recent advances provided by information theory to the comprehension of oncogenic signaling pathways. (unige.ch)
  • The PDGF-BB-SOX7 axis-modulated IL-33 in pericytes and stromal cells promotes metastasis through tumor-associated macrophages. (tcd.ie)
  • In their study, published online May 26 in Nature Communications , the team also reported that the combined use of two existing drugs disrupts this process and appears to significantly slow cancer's tendency to travel, a behavior called metastasis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • At a fundamental level, we found that cell density is very important in triggering metastasis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The second approach is to use either the new gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 technology or mass spectrometric/proteomics approaches (or both) to undertake screens to identify factors that can inhibit the cell death that occurs as a consequence of disarming the autophagy pathway through deletion of Beclin. (edu.au)
  • Delineating the pathogenesis of ccRCC by investigating the gene and epigenetic changes and their effects on key molecules and their respective biologic pathways is of crucial importance for the improvement of current diagnostics, prognostics, and drug development [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
  • From each tumor biopsy, they performed single-nucleus RNA-seq which measures transcriptome-wide gene expression in individual cells, for thousands of cells at a time. (ucsf.edu)
  • Specific binding of miRNAs to lncRNAs may drive cell-type-specific signaling cascades and modulate biochemical feedback loops that ultimately determine cell identity and response to stress factors. (gencat.cat)
  • The knockdown of ATG9B expression in GBM cells suppressed TMZ-induced autophagy as well as TMZ-resistance. (nature.com)
  • The study found ER stress pathways actually send a signal to the cell nucleus, via an ER protein called ATF6 that says "proliferate. (umassmed.edu)
  • A study published in the journal Nature Communications has identified a new pathway that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses to enter the nucleus of a healthy cell, where it can then replicate and go on to invade other cells. (israelnationalnews.com)
  • HIV infection requires the virus to enter a cell and gain access to the well-guarded nucleus in order for the viral components to be integrated into the healthy cell's DNA. (israelnationalnews.com)
  • Akbari MR, Malekzadeh R, Nasrollahzadeh D, activates EGFR pathway signaling in the lung. (who.int)
  • Introduction to cell signalling: signalling networks, protein-protein interactions, protein phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, including charge and surface functional groups were found to play a role in nanoparticle-cell interactions. (cdc.gov)
  • At the same time, synthetic systems offer a powerful tool for studying cellular communication pathways and understanding cellular processes. (europa.eu)
  • The mimicking of cellular communication pathways and genetic information transfer in synthetic systems is an important target for researchers. (europa.eu)
  • Our study concludes that, rather than a genetic evolution, there is a phenotypic plasticity or transition which allows these cells to evade therapy. (ucsf.edu)
  • The first, a cytological and molecular genetic analysis of cell division, makes use of a large collection of maize meiotic mutants. (purdue.edu)
  • Within the last years the detailed characterization of critical molecular pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC has uncovered therapeutic targets that are being explored because of their effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of HCC [3,4]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • In Cellular biology, mitochondria and cellular signaling play crucial roles in maintaining the proper functioning of cells. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondria, often referred to as the cell's powerhouses, are responsible for energy production and actively participate in cellular signaling pathways. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)
  • One of the primary functions of mitochondria is energy production, making them often referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell. (nature.com)
  • Beyond their role in energy production, mitochondria actively participate in cellular signaling pathways. (nature.com)
  • One such pathway is the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondria exhibit dynamic behavior within cells, undergoing processes of fusion and fission. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, go beyond their primary role in energy production. (nature.com)
  • [1] pl. mitochondria ) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes , such as animals , plants and fungi . (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)
  • Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells ). (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling , cellular differentiation , and cell death , as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth . (wikipedia.org)
  • The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism , tissue , and cell type. (wikipedia.org)
  • A mature red blood cell has no mitochondria, [17] whereas a liver cell can have more than 2000. (wikipedia.org)
  • [20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)
  • Paraptosis is a kind of caspase-independent programmed cell death and is characterized by distinct cytoplasmic vacuolization derived from swelling endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria. (hindawi.com)
  • Previous study revealed that the protective effect of TIGAR in cell survival is mediated through the increase in PPP (pentose phosphate pathway) flux. (nature.com)
  • Cells possess distinct pathways that promote their survival or death. (edu.au)
  • activity (excitability) and promote cell survival and communication between nerve cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Often, each cell receives the new information and this intercellular communication is critical to the plant's survival. (udel.edu)
  • 1. The presence of nerve fibers in contact with touch, the "emotional touch", which is vital for the the skin surface skin cells (keratinocytes) survival and maintenance of our species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Previous generations of polymer protocells have been shown to allow diffusion based communication with small molecules and naked DNA strands - the project will expand upon this by investigating polymersomes as mRNA shuttles between distinct protocell populations. (europa.eu)
  • In the context of cell physiology, information theory provides a means to quantify the amount of information a given signaling pathway can reliably transmit. (unige.ch)
  • This will be achieved through the use of Bcl-2 protein-selective reagents, which were engineered in the Fairlie laboratory, to profile melanoma cell lines, as well as samples from patients. (edu.au)
  • The phosphopentose pathway (PPP), which converts glucose-6-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate for synthesis of nucleotides and NADPH to reduce DNA damage caused by ROS was reported to be activated in DDR 2 . (nature.com)
  • In the brain, oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase is involved in a pathway that converts cholesterol to hormones called neurosteroids. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The proposed approach is inspired by exosomes, cell-secreted vesicles that carry various macromolecules and facilitate intercellular communication. (europa.eu)
  • While scientists have recognized the process of root emergence for decades, how intercellular communication may drive this phenomenon was previously unknown. (udel.edu)
  • Cellular fate is controlled by multiple molecular pathways. (edu.au)
  • For example, studying the TNF-NF-kB pathway - a key cascade overactivated in many human cancers - with information theory highlighted the role of noise, dynamics and environment on the amount of transmitted information. (unige.ch)
  • 2014. The availability of filament ends modulates actin stochastic dynamics in live plant cells. (purdue.edu)
  • Importantly, the study also found that the key elements of this pathway are active in human beta cells too. (umassmed.edu)
  • Importantly, lncRNAs may have a cell-type-specific expression pattern. (gencat.cat)
  • Researchers at UMass Medical School have discovered a new pathway that triggers regeneration of beta cells in the pancreas, a key development that may aid in the development of diabetes treatments. (umassmed.edu)
  • The study, HIV-1-induced nuclear invaginations mediated by VAP-A, ORP3, and Rab7 complex explain infection of activated T cells , was the result of a collaboration of researchers from Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine in New York, researchers from the Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) of TUD Dresden University of Technology in Germany, and researchers from Italy. (israelnationalnews.com)
  • Chronic hyperglycemia stresses the brain, damages nerve cells, and harms both large and small blood vessels. (healthyplace.com)
  • An autonomic nerve pathway involves two nerve cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is connected by nerve fibers to the other cell, which is located in a cluster of nerve cells (called an autonomic ganglion). (msdmanuals.com)
  • By understanding the intricate communication pathways within the cell, we gain valuable insights into the complex and interdependent nature of cellular biology. (nature.com)
  • The proposed research project is strongly multidisciplinary, and involves a combination of polymer chemistry, nanomaterials engineering, cell biology, and imaging techniques. (europa.eu)
  • Systems Biology Approach to Study Heterogeneity and Cell Communication Networks in the Tumour Microenvironment. (routledge.com)
  • This process involves the transfer of electrons from molecules derived from food to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells. (nature.com)
  • These dynamic processes have been shown to influence cellular signaling pathways. (nature.com)
  • Processes inside the cell are made up of metabolic pathways. (reasons.org)
  • Furthermore, environmental estrogens, such as Bisphenol A, activate MCs in preclinical models but their impact on pain pathways or migraine is understudied. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have revealed a protein pathway that appears to have a direct impact on diseases, which opens up a new area for potential drug development," says Lorico. (israelnationalnews.com)
  • To further identify the potential signaling pathways after the knockdown of LINC00958 in Ishikawa cells, we performed the KEGG and GO analyses (Figure 2). (researchsquare.com)