Comminuted distal femur fractures complications for comminuted fractures fractures comminuted. Medical search. Frequent questions

Supracondylar femur fractures require anatomically stable internal fixation for best results. (medscape.com)
however, fixation is difficult because of the wide canal, the thin cortex, and the relatively poor bone quality of the distal femur. (medscape.com)
Most surgical failures are caused by inadequate fixation of fracture fragments. (medscape.com)
The more comminuted the fracture and the poorer the quality of bone, fixation, or reduction, the worse the prognosis. (medscape.com)
Physical and biological aspect of fracture healing with special reference to internal fixation. (ijoro.org)
Evolution of internal fixation of long bone fractures. (ijoro.org)
The mainstay of surgical management for distal femur fractures is retrograde nailing or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). (teachmesurgery.com)
In certain cases, external fixation may be used in severe comminuted or open fractures. (teachmesurgery.com)
The management of a peri-prosthetic distal femur fracture is more complex, and may require intramedullary nailing, open reduction internal fixation, revision to a long stem prosthesis, or a distal femoral replacement. (teachmesurgery.com)
Open reduction internal fixation is often the preferred method in the presence of an intact and stable prosthesis, while long stem revision or distal femoral replacement is more commonly employed when the femoral component is loose. (teachmesurgery.com)
From Jan 2017 to Dec 2019, 357 patients with per/intertrochanteric femur fractures underwent surgery by closed reduction and internal fixation, of whom 12 patients were indentified with rare preoperative imaging features, the lesser trochanter was almost equally bisected. (researchsquare.com)
The proximal part of the lesser trochanter connected to the head-neck fragment and attached by the psoas major tendon, while the distal part of the lesser trochanter connected to the femoral shaft and attached by the tendon of the iliac muscle.These fractures were irreducible by a closed maneuver and were reduced with limited assistance by some devices, and short intramedullary nails were used for fixation of these fractures. (researchsquare.com)
Soft tissue release and short cephalomedullary nail fixation for this fracture pattern provide stable fixation and allow early exercise. (researchsquare.com)
The rigid intramedullary interlocking nail is a valuable option for the fixation of femoral shaft fractures in an adolescent age group with a good union rate and minimal complications. (ijrsms.com)
Intramedullary nail fixation (IMN) and plate internal fixation (PL) are the two mainstay treatments for tibial fractures, but agreement on the best internal fixation for distal tibial fractures is still controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
The optimal type of internal fixation for treatment of a distal radius fracture is still under debate. (biomedcentral.com)
Use of IMN for fracture fixation has been shown that there is limited interference of the device with the soft tissue around the fracture, but the technique of placement is difficult and the learning curve is long. (biomedcentral.com)
BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using a Polarus humeral nail for treatment of a humeral shaft fracture according to fracture. (koreamed.org)
Last few decades has seen increasing trend towards operative management of femoral shaft fractures in paediatric patients but opinion regarding optimal method of fixation of these fractures remains divided [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
External fixation, although producing acceptable results, is fraught with many complications as is plate osteosynthesis and rigid intramedullar nailing which may also require a second major surgery for removal of implant [ 13 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Definitive fixation of open tibia fractures: Does reopening the traumatic wound increase complication rates? (psu.edu)
Surgeons should consider patient activity level preoperatively, bone mineral density, and fracture morphology when deciding on fixation strategies. (bvsalud.org)
Although the concept of internal fixation dates back to the mid-1800s, Lister introduced open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) of patella fractures in the 1860s. (medscape.com)
Early surgical fixation initially was complicated by many obstacles, such as infection, poorly conceived implants and techniques, metal allergy, and a limited understanding of the biology and mechanics of fracture healing. (medscape.com)
Fractures with less than an anatomic reduction and less rigid fixation (ie, those with large gaps and low strain via external fixator, casting, and intramedullary [IM] nailing) heal with callous formation or secondary healing with progression through several different tissue types and eventual remodeling. (medscape.com)
Anatomic reduction and absolute stabilization of a fracture by internal fixation alter the biology of fracture healing by diminishing strain (elongation force) on the healing tissue at the fracture site. (medscape.com)
Absolute stability with no fracture gap (eg, via open reduction and internal fixation using interfragmental compression and plating) presents a low strain and results in primary healing (cutting cone) without the production of callus. (medscape.com)
There are certainly some complications that you never considered would develop that surprise you but in general, the surgeon can improve and limit the number of problems through a better understanding of fracture biomechanics and experience with a wide variety of patients, fixation techniques and postoperative environments. (vin.com)
I have seen a few acetabular fractures treated with internal fixation and an Ehmer sling develop marked periarticular fibrosis and dramatically reduced extension with a poor long term result. (vin.com)
Supplemental medial small fragment fixation adds stability to distal femur fixation: A biomechanical study. (stanford.edu)
INTRODUCTION: Bridge plating of distal femur fractures with lateral locking plates is susceptible to varus collapse, fixation failure, and nonunion. (stanford.edu)
Eight femurs underwent fixation with lateral locked plates alone and were matched with eight femurs treated with dual plating: lateral locked plates with supplemental medial small fragment non-locking fixation. (stanford.edu)
Treatment is either immobilization or surgical fixation depending on fracture displacement and integrity of the extensor mechanism. (orthobullets.com)
View of Is Fusion Mandatory with Spinal Fixation of Traumatic Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures? (pdfplayer.org)
and soft tissue healing similar to internal fixation of limb fractures. (pdfplayer.org)
It also restores length, alignment, and rotation-all vital principles of fracture fixation. (passmed.uk)
External fixation is a valuable tool in the surgeon's arsenal for acute open fracture management. (passmed.uk)
Indications for external fixation are grossly contaminated open fractures with extensive soft-tissue compromise, the Type IIIA-C injuries, and when immediate fixation is needed for physiologically unstable patients. (passmed.uk)
The aim of this project was to investigate the biomechanical performance of the recently developed anterior variable angle locking plates vs tension band wiring used for fixation of simple and complex patella fractures. (aofoundation.org)
The specimens with simple fractures were pairwise assigned for fixation with either tension band wiring through two parallel cannulated screws, or an anterior variable angle locking core plate. (aofoundation.org)
16] However, the risk of developing osteonecrosis has been suggested with delayed fixation after fracture displacement. (faoj.org)
Open reduction internal fixation techniques were used for definitive fixation of the comminuted talar fractures. (faoj.org)

It is also important to look for any evidence of an open fracture , which occurs in 5-10% of cases. (teachmesurgery.com)
Any evidence of an open fracture needs to be managed accordingly. (teachmesurgery.com)
An open fracture is when a bone breaks in such a way that bone fragments stick out through the skin or a wound penetrates down to the broken bone. (crortho.com)
Most distal femur fractures are not operated on right away - unless the skin around the fracture has been broken (open fracture). (crortho.com)
Primary bone defects result from high-energy trauma, which can produce an open fracture with extensive soft tissue damage, osseous comminution and even extrication of bone fragments. (fortuneonline.org)
The development of a tibial nonunion is closely related to the type and severity of the injury, but other factors may play a role, such as degree of fracture comminution, open fracture, degree of soft tissue injury, medical comorbidities, and patient lifestyle (tobacco use, nutritional status, medications). (fortuneonline.org)
The use of skeletal traction should be reserved only for selected open fracture types (i.e., pelvis fractures and very proximal femur fractures) and if used, it should only be for a short selected time. (passmed.uk)
This is called an open fracture and needs urgent surgery. (renoortho.com)

The distal femur is funnel-shaped, and the area where the stronger diaphyseal bone meets the thinner and weaker metaphyseal bone is prone to fracture with direct or indirect trauma. (medscape.com)
Supracondylar femur fractures usually occur as a result of low-energy trauma in osteoporotic bone in elderly persons or high-energy trauma in young patients. (medscape.com)
They occur both in younger patients (as the result of high energy trauma) or in older patients (from low energy trauma as a pathological fracture secondary to osteoporosis or malignancy). (teachmesurgery.com)
As most cases present following a fall or trauma , differentials include tibial plateau fractures , haemarthrosis , or tibial shaft fractures . (teachmesurgery.com)
We provide expert orthopedic trauma care for patients with complex fractures throughout the body as well as treating nonunions (fractures that do not heal post-operatively), malunions (improper alignment after a fracture) and in correcting orthopedic deformities. (englewoodortho.com)
The trauma and fracture orthopedic surgeons at Newport Orthopedic Institute offer expert care for all aspects of traumatic musculoskeletal injuries, including inpatient and outpatient orthopedic surgical care and rehabilitation. (newportortho.com)
While many fractures can be treated by general orthopedic surgeons, some can benefit from fracture specialists such as Newport Orthopedic Institute's trauma and fracture care team. (newportortho.com)
At Newport Orthopedic Institute, our orthopedic trauma surgeons are experienced in providing comprehensive trauma and fracture care for patients who have experienced a traumatic event such as a fall, accident or injury. (newportortho.com)
A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture. (wikipedia.org)
The rationale behind their use subsequently led to application even in revision arthroplasty with great loss of bone stock, as well as in trauma surgery, for extremely comminuted fractures with poorly vascularized fragments, where traditional osteosynthesis cannot be applied. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Disruption of the endosteal and periosteal blood supply occurs with the initial trauma, and maintaining adequate blood supply to the fracture site is essential for healing. (medscape.com)
In this podcast, James talks with Dr Nicholas Maluga about the initial fracture assessment and management priorities for patients with trauma and fractures. (onthewards.org)
It is essential to have a basic understanding of initial assessment and the management priorities in patients with trauma and fractures. (onthewards.org)
Fracture in children usually are the result of trauma from motor vehicle accidents, falls or child abuse. (nursingipd.com)
Patella Fractures are traumatic knee injuries caused by direct trauma or rapid contracture of the quadriceps with a flexed knee that can lead to loss of the extensor mechanism. (orthobullets.com)
On the other hand, achievement of solid fusion reduces risk of re-kyphosis and implant failure.Methods: Study was prospectively conducted on 40 patients with T10-L2 traumatic burst fractures, assigned into 2 equal groups: a fusion and a non-fusion group.Results:Mean age of patients was 37.2 years with minimal male predominance.Fall from height was the most common mode of trauma (62.5%) followed by RTAs. (pdfplayer.org)
Generally, scaphoid bone fractures result from indirect trauma when an individual falls onto the outstretched hand with a hyperextended and radially deviated wrist. (passmed.uk)
Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading. (radiopaedia.org)
Comminuted talar fractures are commonly the result of high-energy trauma. (faoj.org)
Comminuted talar fractures are commonly the result of high-energy trauma and associated with multiple injuries. (faoj.org)

Non-operative management requires a long period of immobilisation and non-weight bearing, however is sometimes indicated for fractures with minimal displacement in a non-ambulatory or very co-morbid patient. (teachmesurgery.com)
The likelihood of a second break in the pelvic ring (type 3 injury) increases with a greater degree of joint diastasis or fracture displacement at the primary injury site. (radiologykey.com)
Careful, close follow-up is mandatory to ensure that fracture displacement or joint subluxation does not occur during healing. (crimestriketv.com)
Patient activity must be modified postoperatively to prevent fracture displacement and additional complications. (bvsalud.org)
In general, simple fracture configurations, with minimal displacement and located within the diaphysis in young patients can potentially be adequately splinted if they are distal to the elbow or stifle. (vin.com)
Any fracture pattern can be seen, but the displacement of all components must be less than 1 cm, except anatomic neck fractures, to be considered in this group according to Neer's concept. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
concluded, generally in 2 to 3 weeks, a program to regain shoulder motion is started as for fractures with minimal displacement and anatomic neck fractures. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
Fig 3a-b Articular displacement at the central aspect of the patella (a) and rotation (b), both measured between the proximal and distal fragments after 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 cycles and featuring complex fractures fixed by either anterior variable angle locked plating or tension band wiring in terms of mean and standard deviation. (aofoundation.org)
Minor fractures with minimal displacement do very well with nonsurgical treatment. (renoortho.com)

I went to a hospital which is located to near my home and met doctor , after watching my x ray doctor said its a compound fracture nd asked me to have an road fitment surgery. (bigresource.org)
Compound Fracture occurs when the skin around the fractured bone breaks. (almuderis.com.au)
Open or compound fracture - The skin may be pierced by the bone or by a blow that breaks the skin at the time of the fracture. (nursingipd.com)

The goal in treating supracondylar femur fractures, as in treating any periarticular fracture in a weightbearing bone, is restoration of a stable limb for functional, pain-free ambulation. (medscape.com)
Fractures proximal to knee replacements may be caused by notching of the anterior cortex when the surgeon placed the prosthesis or may be secondary to the stress riser effect of the interface between the rigid metal and soft bone. (medscape.com)
[ 18 , 19 ] The treating physician must also be aware of the potential for pathologic fractures through metastatic lesions or primary bone tumors in this area. (medscape.com)
Every bone in the human body is susceptible to a fracture, this is especially the case as we get older and degenerative joint disease sets in or if a patient suffers a traumatic injury or undergoes a severe life-threatening accident with multiple broken bones. (englewoodortho.com)
A fracture is a broken bone. (crortho.com)
The distal femur is where the bone flares out like an upside-down funnel. (crortho.com)
The bone can break straight across (transverse fracture) or into many pieces (comminuted fracture). (crortho.com)
Sometimes these fractures extend into the knee joint and separate the surface of the bone into a few (or many) parts. (crortho.com)
Because they damage the cartilage surface of the bone, intra-articular fractures can be more difficult to treat. (crortho.com)
Elderly people with distal femur fractures typically have poor bone quality. (crortho.com)
In many cases of distal femur fracture, however, a cast or brace cannot correctly line up the bone pieces because shortened muscles pull the pieces out of place. (crortho.com)
Knee fracture refers to fractures of any of the parts of bone involved in the joint itself. (patient.info)
Your thighbone (femur) is the longest and strongest bone in your body. (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)
When there is a break anywhere along this length of bone, it is called a femoral shaft fracture. (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)
The pieces of bone may line up correctly or be out of alignment (displaced), and the fracture may be closed (skin intact) or open (the bone has punctured the skin). (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)
In this type of fracture, the bone has broken into three or more pieces. (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)
Spiral Fracture: one part of the bone has been twisted at the break point. (crimestriketv.com)
Stress fractures are tiny cracks in a bone. (crimestriketv.com)
Closed-wedge (CW) and open-wedge (OW) high tibial osteotomy (HTO) are extra-articular surgery, which aim to shift the mechanical axis from medial to slightly lateral and reduce the overload in the medial compartment of the If you have or suspect you have fractured a finger, you should rest your hand and not perform any activities that could cause the broken ends of the bone to move on one another. (crimestriketv.com)
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. (wikipedia.org)
In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. (wikipedia.org)
Although bone tissue contains no pain receptors, a bone fracture is painful for several reasons: Breaking in the continuity of the periosteum, with or without similar discontinuity in endosteum, as both contain multiple pain receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal, or malunion, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. (wikipedia.org)
One form of malunion is the malrotation of a bone, which is especially common after femoral and tibial fractures. (wikipedia.org)
The natural process of healing a fracture starts when the injured bone and surrounding tissues bleed, forming a fracture hematoma. (wikipedia.org)
Smokers generally have lower bone density than non-smokers, so they have a much higher risk of fractures. (wikipedia.org)
A bone fracture may be diagnosed based on the history given and the physical examination performed. (wikipedia.org)
The tibia is an important weight bearing bone in the lower limb, which articulates proximally with the femur at the knee and distally with the talus at the ankle. (biomedcentral.com)
When a fracture happens, bone union is delayed and nonunion often occurs. (koreamed.org)
All patients with open fractures, pathological fractures, metabolic bone disease or neuromuscular disorders were excluded from search. (biomedcentral.com)
On the initial and follow-up bone single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images with a 9-month interval, radioactivity of growth plate in the right proximal femur was much lower than that of the left femur, suggesting a further increasing of leg-length discrepancy (LLD) in the future. (bvsalud.org)
LESSONS: This case emphasizes that quantitative analysis of growth plate activity using bone single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography could predict LLD and help us decide when and which limb should be operated on for pediatric patients with lower limb fractures. (bvsalud.org)
In younger patients, these fractures can result from high-energy impacts like car crashes, often leading to breaks that extend into the knee joint and shatter the bone into multiple pieces. (almuderis.com.au)
The lower part of the thigh bone (femur) forms the upper part of the knee joint, while the top part of the shinbone (tibia) supports the lower part of the knee joint. (almuderis.com.au)
The ends of the femur are covered with a smooth surface called articular cartilage, which cushions the bone and facilitates knee movement. (almuderis.com.au)
Distal Femur Fractures are categorised based on the way the bone breaks and the severity of the break. (almuderis.com.au)
Transverse Fractures occur when the bone breaks straight across the femur. (almuderis.com.au)
Comminuted Fractures result from the bone breaking into many pieces. (almuderis.com.au)
If the fracture has fragmented the bone into many small pieces above the knee joint, it is generally not pieced back together. (almuderis.com.au)
In cases where the fracture may heal slowly, such as in elderly patients with poor bone quality, a bone graft may be used to facilitate the formation of the callus. (almuderis.com.au)
In more severe instances, when the fracture is too complicated and the bone quality is too poor to repair, the fragments are removed and the bone is replaced with a knee replacement implant. (almuderis.com.au)
Immobilization by casting, bracing, or splinting a joint above and below the fracture was used for most long bone fractures - except femur fractures, for which traction was the mainstay of treatment. (medscape.com)
Although this process has been called secondary bone union or indirect fracture repair, it is the natural and expected way fractures heal. (medscape.com)
In this model, cutter heads of the osteons reach the fracture and cross it where bone-to-bone contact exists. (medscape.com)
It is ideal to immobilize the joints above and below the fractured bone to reduce motion at the interface to a minimum. (vin.com)
Clinicians should consider the patient's conformation as well as the location and bone fractured and think about how effective coaptation might be in effectively achieving bone splintage as apposed to limb splintage. (vin.com)
Common fractures that can be confidently treated with coaptation include: isolated diaphyseal radial or ulnar fractures (not both), one, two or three metacarpal / tarsal fractures, minimally displaced tibial crest avulsions, greenstick fractures of the tibial diaphysis and some non-articular talus and tarsal bone fractures. (vin.com)
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx , F x , or # ) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. (wikipedia.org)
Stages in Fracture Repair: The healing of a bone fracture follows a series of progressive steps: (a) A fracture hematoma forms. (wikipedia.org)
A fracture is a break in a bone. (msdmanuals.com)
Most fractures result from a single, significant force applied to normal bone. (msdmanuals.com)
Pathologic fractures occur when mild or minimal force fractures an area of bone weakened by a disorder (eg, osteoporosis, cancer, infection, bone cyst). (msdmanuals.com)
A hematoma forms at the fracture site, and a small amount of bone in the distal fracture fragments is resorbed. (msdmanuals.com)
If a fracture line is not evident initially (eg, in some nondisplaced fractures), one typically becomes evident about 1 week after the injury as this small amount of bone is resorbed. (msdmanuals.com)
The reparative phase ends with clinical union of the fracture (ie, when there is no pain at fracture site, the injured extremity can be used without pain, and clinical examination detects no bone movement). (msdmanuals.com)
A 2- 2-cm portion of distal extensor retinaculum is harvested and secured to the ulnar osseous groove using small bone anchors. (dnahelix.com)
1. A fracture is a break in the continuity of the bone. (nursingipd.com)
Closed or simple fracture - The bone is broken, but the skin is not lacerated. (nursingipd.com)
Transverse fracture - The fracture is at right angles to the long axis of the bone. (nursingipd.com)
Greenstick fracture - Fracture on one side of the bone, causing a bend on the other side of the bone. (nursingipd.com)
Comminuted fracture - A fracture that results in three or more bone fragments. (nursingipd.com)
Fractures occur when the resistance of bone against the stress being exerted yields to the stress force. (nursingipd.com)
Bend Fracture - is characterized by the bone bending to the breaking point and not straightening without intervention. (nursingipd.com)
Buckle fracture - results from compression failure of the bone, with the bone telescoping on itself. (nursingipd.com)
Non-fusion obviates the need for bone grafting and hence reduces blood loss and operation time, preserve better segmental motion and avoid donor site complications. (pdfplayer.org)
In addition, non-fusion avoids bone harvest complications, saves high cost of synthetic bone substitutes and reduces duration of surgery and blood loss. (pdfplayer.org)
A greenstick fracture is a fracture in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and breaks. (passmed.uk)
Some clinical features of a greenstick fracture are similar to those of a standard long bone fracture - greenstick fractures normally cause pain at the injured area. (passmed.uk)
Greenstick fractures are stable fractures as a part of the bone remains intact and unbroken so this type of fracture normally causes a bend to the injured part, rather than a distinct deformity, which is problematic. (passmed.uk)
The scaphoid bone is the most commonly fractured carpal bone. (passmed.uk)
Fractures are most often localized in the middle third of the scaphoid bone. (passmed.uk)
Pain when applying pressure to the anatomical snuffbox is highly suggestive of a scaphoid bone fracture. (passmed.uk)
A distal radius fracture is a break of the larger bone of the wrist. (renoortho.com)
The distal radius is the largest support bone of the wrist. (renoortho.com)
We present the case of a stable patient with multiple long bone injuries and a comminuted talar fracture, the subsequent management and outcome, and review the current literature for management of comminuted talar fractures. (faoj.org)
We present the case of a stable patient with multiple long bone injuries and a comminuted talar fracture. (faoj.org)

Complications following a distal femur fracture include malunion (more common for fractures that have been plated), non-union (can occur in up to 19%, most common in the metaphyseal area), and secondary osteoarthritis , especially those with intraarticular extension of the fracture. (teachmesurgery.com)
Fractures of the thighbone that occur just above the knee joint are called distal femur fractures. (crortho.com)
Distal femur fractures most often occur either in older people whose bones are weak, or in younger people who have high energy injuries, such as from a car crash. (crortho.com)
Fractures of the distal femur most commonly occur in two patient types: younger people (under age 50) and the elderly. (crortho.com)
Soft tissue infection or osteomyelitis may occur with open fractures. (patient.info)
Type 1 injuries include avulsion fractures that occur at tendinous attachment sites, such as the anterosuperior and anteroinferior iliac spines, ischial tuberosity, and iliac crest. (radiologykey.com)
These fractures occur commonly in children before closure of the corresponding physis (cartilage plate) and athletes secondary to forcible muscular contraction. (radiologykey.com)
These fractures do not affect the joints in the hand, but they cause immense pain and discomfort by The extra-articular manifestations of RA can occur at any age after onset. (crimestriketv.com)
Intraoperative trochanteric fractures during primary and revision total hip arthroplasty typically occur during femoral canal preparation and component placement. (bvsalud.org)
Distal femur fractures occur when the thighbone (femur) breaks just above the knee joint. (almuderis.com.au)
Distal femur fractures typically occur for different reasons in younger patients (under 50) and the elderly. (almuderis.com.au)
Nonunions are estimated to occur in 2% to 15% of all tibial fractures. (fortuneonline.org)
Because of the resilience of the soft tissue of children, fracture occur more often than soft tissue injuries. (nursingipd.com)
Greenstick fractures occur most often during infancy and childhood when bones are soft. (passmed.uk)
Undisplaced linear fractures that extend into the humeral head can occur. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
Neurovascular injury can occur in this type of fracture because the shaft may be displaced into the axilla. (teachmeorthopedics.info)

Although surgical risks were avoided, the patient was exposed to the risks of prolonged bedrest, including pulmonary complications, deep venous thrombosis , pressure injuries , disuse osteoporosis, and generalized muscle atrophy and deconditioning. (medscape.com)
Traumatic events such as car accidents, sports injuries or falls often involve a direct blow or twisting of a specific body part, causing pain, swelling, inflammation or other serious complications. (englewoodortho.com)
Distal femur fractures in younger patients are usually caused by high energy injuries, such as falls from significant heights or motor vehicle collisions. (crortho.com)
Stable pelvic fractures ( Fig. 15.34 ) do not disrupt the osseous ring formed by the pelvis and sacrum (type 1 injuries) or disrupt it in only one place (type 2 injuries), whereas unstable fractures ( Fig. 15.35 ) completely disrupt the ring in two or more places (type 3 injuries). (radiologykey.com)
Type 2 injuries (single break in the pelvic ring) include ipsilateral fractures of the superior and inferior pubic (ischiopubic) rami, fracture of the pubic body adjacent to the symphysis, subluxation of one sacroiliac joint ( Fig. 15.37 ) or the pubic symphysis, and a fracture paralleling the sacroiliac joint ( Fig. 15.38 ). (radiologykey.com)
Type 3 injuries (double breaks in the pelvic ring) include straddle fractures (vertical fractures of both superior pubic and ischiopubic rami or unilateral vertical rami fractures associated with symphyseal diastasis) ( Fig. 15.39 ) and injuries with complete disruption of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring (e.g. (radiologykey.com)
Pelvic fractures are frequently associated with severe soft tissue injuries, including vascular lacerations, compression or disruption of peripheral nerves, and perforation of the urinary bladder, urethra, rectosigmoid, and anus. (radiologykey.com)
Patients with open fractures, polytrauma and neurovascular injuries were excluded. (ijrsms.com)
Our board-certified rehabilitation specialists develop personalized plans to help people recover from complex injuries, such as articular fractures. (crimestriketv.com)
Fractures of the distal tibial metaphysis, diaphysis, and adjacent diaphysis are commonly seen in road traffic accidents or sports injuries. (biomedcentral.com)
These metadiaphyseal fractures are distinct in terms of their management from articular impaction "pilon" type fractures and middle third diaphyseal injuries [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Femoral shaft fractures are high energy injuries to the femur that are associated with life-threatening injuries (pulmonary, cerebral) and ipsilateral femoral neck fractures. (orthobullets.com)
These fractures can sometimes be accompanied by other injuries due to the forceful nature of the impact. (almuderis.com.au)
In the elderly, weakened and fragile bones due to degeneration can lead to distal femur fractures even with lower-force injuries, like a fall from standing. (almuderis.com.au)
Pins use smaller incisions and are usually used for less serious injuries or in kids with wrist fractures. (renoortho.com)
In the literature, the timing for treatment of comminuted talar fractures remains controversial, even in the presence of multiple injuries. (faoj.org)
These injuries are treated in descending order from most life threatening, and the definitive treatment of talar fractures may be staged. (faoj.org)
Multiple Injuries were sustained including a left open intra-articular comminuted supracondylar femur fracture, right femoral shaft fracture, right intertrochanteric hip fracture, right tibial plateau fracture, and a left closed talar body and neck fractures. (faoj.org)
Figure 2 During his secondary survery, radiographs were taken that revealed a closed talar comminuted fracture among his other injuries. (faoj.org)

Intra-articular fractures are wrist fractures that affect the wrist joint. (crimestriketv.com)
Intra-articular Fractures extend into the knee joint and separate the bone's surface into multiple pieces. (almuderis.com.au)
In cases where there are many pieces or severe intra articular fractures, a CT(Computed Tomography) Scan is ordered to help guide surgical treatment. (renoortho.com)

Even if the fracture is repaired with a plate, so you would not necessarily be able to see the individual fragments being reduced, there is a greater risk of failure and complications after the procedure. (crimestriketv.com)
Instead, a plate or rod will be fixed at both ends of the fracture without directly repositioning the numerous small fragments in between. (almuderis.com.au)
It protects the soft tissues around the zone of injury by preventing further damage from mobile fracture fragments. (passmed.uk)

What is a Distal Radius Fracture? (renoortho.com)
How is a Distal Radius Fracture Diagnosed? (renoortho.com)
To diagnose a distal radius fracture, your doctor may use a physical examination and imaging tests. (renoortho.com)
Preoperative x-ray of distal radius fracture. (renoortho.com)

Patients with open fractures fare worse than those with closed fractures. (medscape.com)
A total of 90 patients were studied, out of which 60 patients were with fracture distal femur and 30 patients were with proximal tibia fractures. (ijoro.org)
Out of 44 patients of distal femur fracture group 10 (22.72%) had infection where as in proximal tibia fracture group 4 (15.38%) out of 26 patients (all were operated by ORIF technique) had infection. (ijoro.org)
Varus deformity was found in 3 patients (6.66%) of distal femur fracture patients and 4 patients (15.38%) of proximal tibia fracture patients out of these 3 were operated by ORIF and 1 by MIPO. (ijoro.org)
Muscle wasting was found in 20 patients (40.44%) of distal femur fracture patients. (ijoro.org)
Limb shortening was found in 7 patients (15.90%) of distal femur fracture. (ijoro.org)
Limp shortening was present in 17 patients (38.60%) of distal femur fracture and 4 patients (15%) of proximal tibia fracture out of these 4 were operated by ORIF and 1 by MIPO. (ijoro.org)
Delayed Union was found in two patients (4.54%) of distal femur fracture patients. (ijoro.org)
Extension lapse was found in four patients (9.09%) of distal femur fracture and 1 patient (5.88%) of proximal tibia fracture. (ijoro.org)
Patients with distal femoral fractures of all ages do best when they can be up and moving soon after treatment (such as moving from a bed to a chair, and walking). (crortho.com)
compressive fractures of the articular surface, typically from extreme force such as fall from a height or being hit by a vehicle, although in patients with osteoporosis minimal force may be needed. (patient.info)
Another common type 1 injury represents a unilateral pubic ramus fracture (usually in the superior ramus) occurring in elderly patients after a fall or prosthetic hip replacement surgery and in athletes as stress fracture. (radiologykey.com)
The aim of this study is to report the outcome of an adolescent femur shaft fracture treated with a rigid intramedullary interlocking nail in North Indian patients. (ijrsms.com)
Initial femoral stem position in cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture in elderly patients is associated with early implant subsidence: a radiographic analysis. (gov.tw)
Risk factors for cut-out failure of Gamma3 nails in treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures: An analysis of 176 patients. (gov.tw)
BACKGROUND: Intramedullary (IM) nailing is widely performed in elderly patients with trochanteric fractures. (koreamed.org)
PURPOSE: Recent literature has noted incidences of subtrochanteric atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) in patients who have taken long-term bisphosphonates (BPs). (koreamed.org)
Present indications include all patients with femoral shaft fractures and open physis. (biomedcentral.com)
We included 73 femoral shaft fractures in 69 patients treated with retrograde flexible intramedullary nailing with a minimum follow up of 5 years. (biomedcentral.com)
On retrospective search of hospital records, we found 81 patients of femoral shaft fractures treated with flexible intramedullary nailing at our institute with a minimum follow up period of 5 years. (biomedcentral.com)
Of these 81 patients, 69 patients with 73 femoral shaft fractures were available for follow up. (biomedcentral.com)
In younger patients, high-energy impacts such as falls from heights or car accidents often result in fractures. (almuderis.com.au)
Appropriate splinting will assist with haemodynamic control as well as providing an analgesic affect, but remember that all patients with confirmed or highly suspected femoral fractures should have early consideration for regional analgesia (femoral nerve block, FNB or fascia iliaca block, FIB), upon arrival in the ED. (nsw.gov.au)
I enjoy the ongoing challenge of fracture repair and attempt to learn from complications that develop and then to apply that knowledge to the benefit of future patients. (vin.com)
It is indicated for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures and of femoral shaft fractures, in pediatric patients, with the exception of newborns and infants, and in adult patients with an appropriate medullary canal. (limbhealing.com)
The ideal treatment for patients with a thoracolumbar burst fracture remains controversial. (pdfplayer.org)
Methods: The study included a total of 77 patients aged over 70 years with an AO type 31-A1 or 31-A2 fracture. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
Surgical options may be considered for specific fracture patterns in younger patients. (orthojournalhms.org)
Fractures of the proximal humerus are seen in all age groups but are more common in older patients. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
Reduction of the fracture depends on an intact posteromedial periosteal sleeve in younger patients. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
Sometimes patients with wrist fractures can develop acute carpal tunnel syndrome with numbness in the thumb, index and middle fingers. (renoortho.com)

If the soft tissues (skin and muscle) around your fracture are badly damaged, or if it will take time before you can tolerate a longer surgery because of health reasons, your doctor may apply a temporary external fixator. (crortho.com)
Most femoral shaft fractures require surgery to heal. (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)
It is unusual for femoral shaft fractures to be treated without surgery. (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)
Diagnosis For more severe fractures, we perform surgery to precisely repair bones and joint damage. (crimestriketv.com)
Nowadays, the major challenge is to eliminate the rate of non-mechanical complications associated with surgery of that magnitude, namely the risk for wound dehiscence and necrosis, deep infection, as well as local recurrence of the tumor. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Indication for surgery in all cases was displaced femoral shaft fracture with open femoral physis. (biomedcentral.com)
Later, staged limb reconstruction surgery was undertaken as a definitive procedure that involved bifocal distraction osteogenesis involving the proximal tibia and femur along with docking of the corticotomised femoral fragment onto the tibial plateau to achieve knee arthrodesis. (bvsalud.org)
Surgery is crucial to minimise the risk of infection, which can lead to further complications and hinder the bone's healing process. (almuderis.com.au)
In my opinion, poor judgment and technical error during surgery are the cause of the majority of complications. (vin.com)
The most serious post-surgical complications are failure of the fused bones to unite (nonunion), which could require further surgery. (limbhealing.com)
Surgery for distal radius fractures may be required depending on the severity of break, location of the affected area and whether or not the fracture is displaced. (renoortho.com)
Distal radius fractures do not always require surgery. (renoortho.com)
However, due to the comminuted nature of the talar fracture, definitive surgery was delayed for three days post-injury. (faoj.org)

Knee fracture can result in neurovascular compromise or compartment syndrome. (patient.info)
with elbows straight, there is a high incidence of neurovascular complications due to the anatomic relationship of the brachial artery and nerves to the fracture site. (nursingipd.com)

Treatment of distal femur fractures using the less invasive stabilization system: surgical experience and early clinical results in 103 fractures. (ijoro.org)
To introduce the clinical features of and surgical techniques for a rare type of irreducible pertrochanteric femur fracture pattern with bisection of the lesser trochanter. (researchsquare.com)
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fractures associated with ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures and assess the surgical outcomes of a novel, closed intramedullary nailing surgical approach. (koreamed.org)
What are the surgical options for Compound Distal Femur Fracture? (almuderis.com.au)
Perhaps the most important aspect in the treatment of open fractures is the initial surgical intervention with irrigation and meticulous debridement of the injury zone. (passmed.uk)
Treatment can be conservative (e.g., wrist immobilization) or in certain cases surgical (e.g., proximal pole fracture). (passmed.uk)
Rarely, a three-part fracture is encountered involving the lesser or greater tuberosity as well as the surgical neck. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
4] Others have proposed that surgical treatment of talar fractures may promote revascularization to the talar body. (faoj.org)
Figure 3 CT scan further demonstrates the comminuted nature of the talar fracture, and allowed for better surgical planning pre-operatively. (faoj.org)

The classification is commonly used to classify distal femur fractures into extra-articular (type A), partial articular (type B), and complete articular (type C). (teachmesurgery.com)
In the unstable jumper's fracture ( Fig. 15.41 ), dissociation of the central portions of the sacrum from its lateral portions occurs by bilateral vertical sacral fractures, most commonly through the neural foramina representing the weakest points in the sacrum. (radiologykey.com)
Distal metadiaphyseal tibial fractures are commonly seen lower limb fractures. (biomedcentral.com)
C2 (~30%) and C7 (~20%) are the most commonly fractured levels 7 . (radiopaedia.org)

Partial articular fractures can be further classified into sagittal fractures of lateral condyle, sagittal fractures of medial condyle, and coronal fractures. (teachmesurgery.com)
this is an avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial condyle immediately beyond the articular surface with the knee. (patient.info)
A lateral force vector characteristically causes transverse fractures of the pubic rami, vertical compression fractures of the sacrum, and fractures of the iliac wings, as well as pelvic instability caused by rotation of one or both hemipelvises (rotational instability). (radiologykey.com)
While medial and lateral dual plating has been described in clinical series, the biomechanical effects of dual plating of distal femur fractures have yet to be clearly defined. (stanford.edu)
The complex fracture pattern was characterized with a medial and a lateral proximal fragment, together with an inferomedial, an inferolateral, and an inferior fragment mimicking comminution around the distal patellar pole. (aofoundation.org)

An anteroposterior or posteroanterior force vector produces vertically oriented pubic rami fractures and disruption of the pubic symphysis and the sacroiliac joints, resulting in pelvic "dislocation" ("sprung" pelvis or "open book" injury). (radiologykey.com)
His clinical interests include nonunions, periarticular fractures, fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum, and infections. (stanford.edu)

Evaluation and initial management must be performed rapidly to prevent limb-threatening complications. (patient.info)
However, even in cases of lower limb fractures where the growth plate remains unaffected, overgrowth or shortening of the affected limb are encountered. (bvsalud.org)
Serious complications of fractures are unusual but may threaten life or limb viability or cause permanent limb dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)

A Hoffa fracture is a specific type of type B articular distal femoral fracture in which there is a fracture of the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles in the coronal plane. (teachmesurgery.com)
Yang CC, Tzeng YH, Wang CS, Lin CC, Chang MC, Chiang CC (2020, Oct). Untreated small posterior fragment of ankle fracture with early removal of syndesmotic screw is associated with recurrent syndesmotic instability. (gov.tw)

Pelvic fractures must be assessed for both stability and acetabular involvement. (radiologykey.com)

Radiographic and clinical results of modified 2-incision sinus tarsi approach for treatment of calcaneus fracture. (gov.tw)

On examination, there may be an obvious deformity , with associated swelling and ecchymosis of the distal thigh. (teachmesurgery.com)
The complications include pseudarthrosis, refracture, angular deformity, equinovarus and temporary peroneal nerve palsy in the FVFG group and in the group of compression-distraction technique, refracture, equinovarus and temporary peroneal nerve palsy. (fortuneonline.org)

DIAGNOSES: A comminuted fracture of the right femoral shaft was diagnosed by X-ray image. (bvsalud.org)

The overall incidence of tibial fractures is 51.7 per 100,000 a year, and the incidence of diaphyseal and distal tibia fractures is 15.7 and 9.1 respectively per 100,000 a year [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this type of fracture, the break is a straight horizontal line going across the femoral shaft. (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)
This type of fracture has an angled line across the shaft. (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)
A twisting force to the thigh causes this type of fracture. (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)

Severe comminuted type C3 fractures are expected to develop significant stiffness and posttraumatic arthritis. (medscape.com)
They will complain of severe pain in the distal thigh and an inability to weight bear . (teachmesurgery.com)
A femoral shaft fracture usually causes immediate, severe pain. (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)

Supracondylar femur fractures are becoming more common as the population ages. (medscape.com)

The intramedullary total femoral reconstruction (ITFR) was used successfully in a 62-year-old patient with myxoid liposarcoma of the thigh and post-radiation fracture nonunion of the proximal femur and osteonecrosis of the ipsilateral knee. (bvsalud.org)

Further subdivisions are made on the basis of the morphology and degree of comminution of the fracture: 43-A1 are non-comminuted extra-articular fractures, 43-A2 are wedge fractures, and 43-A3 are comminuted extra-articular fractures. (biomedcentral.com)

Fracture patterns included transverse (49), oblique (21), and communited (3) fractures. (biomedcentral.com)
Oblique Fracture - The fracture is diagonal to a bone's long axis. (nursingipd.com)

Aim of the study was to describe complications and problems in treating the fracture around knee joint by using LCP (locking compression plate). (ijoro.org)
There is also an increasing number of whom have a distal femur fracture related to a knee replacement (known as a peri-prosthetic fracture ). (teachmesurgery.com)
If the fracture extends intra-articular, then a knee effusion may be present (from haemarthrosis). (teachmesurgery.com)
these usually fracture when the knee is stressed. (patient.info)
Fractures around the knee are common in children, but the pattern of knee fractures differs. (patient.info)
Sixteen pairs of human anatomical knee specimens were used to simulate either two-part transverse simple AO/OTA 34-C1 or five-part complex AO/OTA 34-C3 patella fractures by means of osteotomies, with each fracture model being created in eight pairs. (aofoundation.org)

Doctors describe fractures to each other using classification systems. (peninsulaboneandjoint.com)
Classification systems of pelvic fractures combining the direction of the force that created the injury with the fracture pattern seen radiographically allow a highly specific injury description and are preferred by orthopedic surgeons ( Table 15.1 ). (radiologykey.com)

Conclusions: Proximal femoral nailing can be one of the primary treatment options for intertrochanteric hip fractures in the elderly. (journaltocs.ac.uk)

Neer divides proximal humeral fractures into six groups, as shown in Fig. 17-1 , and this concept is useful in considering the management of the injury. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
Displaced proximal humeral fractures. (teachmeorthopedics.info)

This is a relatively rare injury resulting from dislocation between the femur and tibia. (patient.info)
Fracture of the transverse process of L5 where the iliolumbar ligament attaches is a harbinger of an unstable pelvic injury. (radiologykey.com)
There were 53 males (57 fractures) and 16 females (16 fractures) in this series with an average age of 8.3 (range 4-15) years at the time of injury (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Distal femur fractures are confirmed through X-rays to assess the severity of the injury and any related damage. (almuderis.com.au)

The replacement of hematoma by this structural network adds stability to the fracture site. (medscape.com)

9 ], with a low incidence among total pertrochanteric fractures. (researchsquare.com)
an intraarticular fracture of the ulnar (volar) portion of the distal radiusdistal radiusThe pattern of incidence of wrist fracture is different from that of hip or vertebral fractures. (crimestriketv.com)

Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
It is relatively free of serious complications despite asymptomatic malalignment and LLD in significant percentage of fractures. (biomedcentral.com)
Flexible intramedullary nailing introduced for femoral fractures by Nancy group in 1982 [ 22 ], has become popular with many orthopaedic surgeons and remains the treatment of choice for these fractures at our institute due to its favourable results and lack of serious complications. (biomedcentral.com)
Closed fractures that do not involve blood vessels or nerves, particularly those that are quickly reduced, are least likely to result in serious complications. (msdmanuals.com)

The main goal of Englewood Orthopedic Associates is the healing of the fractured bones, as well as restoring the anatomic alignment of the joint surfaces to allow for recovery and return to maximum function and movement of the injured body part. (englewoodortho.com)
Neer's anatomic concept for standardizing the terminology of fractures of the proximal humerus. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
14] For all cases of talar fractures, treatment goals remains anatomic reduction, preservation of motion, joint stability, and minimization of complications. (faoj.org)

Treatment of both simple and complex patella fractures represents a challenging clinical problem. (aofoundation.org)
Recently, anterior variable angle locking plates have been developed for treatment of both simple and comminuted patella fractures (Fig 1). (aofoundation.org)
Fig 1a-c Core (a), three-hole (b), and six-hole (c) standard Variable Angle Locking Anterior Patella Plates 2.7 designed for treatment of simple and complex patella fractures. (aofoundation.org)
From a biomechanical perspective, anterior locked plating of both simple and complex patella fractures provides superior construct stability vs tension band wiring. (aofoundation.org)
The Variable Angle Locking Patella Plating System was developed to reduce complication rates. (aofoundation.org)

Two-part pertrochanteric femur fractures with bisection of the lesser trochanter have an irreducible fracture pattern with cortical locking and soft tissue incarceration. (researchsquare.com)

The majority of distal femur fractures are managed surgically . (teachmesurgery.com)

Malgaigne fracture, bucket handle fracture, and pelvic "dislocation") ( Fig. 15.40 ). (radiologykey.com)
Check for glenohumeral joint dislocation - Dislocations with associated isolated greater tuberosity fracture can be reduced under conscious sedation. (orthojournalhms.org)

Thoracolumbar burst fractures are one of the most common types of traumatic spinal fractures. (pdfplayer.org)
6. Fredø HL, Rizvi SA, Lied B, Rønning P, Helseth E. The epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine fractures: a prospective population study from Norway. (radiopaedia.org)

Greenstick fracture - is an incomplete fracture. (nursingipd.com)

The main fracture pathoanatomy of these cases included: The anterior fracture line passed along the intertrochanteric line to the medial lesser trochanter and bisected it into two equal parts from mid-level of the lesser trochanteric protrusion. (researchsquare.com)

10 ] reported four kinds of irreducible fractures, including a type in which the proximal fragment attached to a lesser trochanter was locked underneath the shaft fragment, bisected lesser trochanter with a locked proximal fragment, a posteromedial fragment overlapped at the fracture site, and a proximal fragment was flexed passively by the underlying lesser trochanter. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, in certain complex fractures and sometimes in subtrochantric fractures, with tendency for marked flexion of proximal fragment, closed reduction and its maintenance if often unsuccessful. (biomedcentral.com)

Two-part intertrochanteric femur fractures with bisection of the lesser trochanter were first reported by Moehring et al. (researchsquare.com)
The intertrochanteric fracture with a bisected lesser trochanter had the following pathoanatomical features: the main trochanter fracture line crossed the lesser trochanter and split it into two parts almost equally. (researchsquare.com)

All the fractures were united in an acceptable alignment and rotation. (ijrsms.com)
indicated when diminished distal pulses after gross alignment restored. (nsw.gov.au)
The Agile Nail is intended for insertion in the medullary canal of a femur for the alignment and the stabilization of fractures and for the correction of deformities. (limbhealing.com)

They have a higher risk for complications and take a longer time to heal. (crortho.com)

these fractures are often called insufficiency or fragility fractures. (msdmanuals.com)

A man in his 30s was involved in a road traffic accident (RTA) and sustained a grade-IIIA distal femur fracture with acute loss of distal two-third of the femur. (bvsalud.org)

It's more serious than a simple fracture, as there's a high risk of infection. (almuderis.com.au)

The knees with complex fractures were pairwise treated with either tension band wiring through two parallel cannulated screws plus circumferential cerclage wiring, or an anterior variable angle locking three-hole plate. (aofoundation.org)

An orthosis should not be used on fractures for longer than 30 days, nor positioned in greater than 30 degrees of flexion, as flexion contractures are likely to develop. (crimestriketv.com)

The adolescent age group with skeletal immaturity deserves special attention from the surgeons because of grave complications like avascular necrosis of the femur head and angular deformities. (ijrsms.com)
Skeletal weakness leads to fractures. (msdmanuals.com)
Dr. Goodnough has conducted research on the role of skeletal stem cells in fracture healing. (stanford.edu)
Topics have included the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on skeletal stem cells in fractures. (stanford.edu)

Anatomy34

Diseases65

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment64

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care17

Geographicals1

Fixation42

Open fracture8

Trauma20

Displacement9

Compound Fracture3

Bone76

Occur16

Injuries19

Intra-articular fractures3

Fragments3

Radius Fracture4

Patients31

Surgery13

Neurovascular2

Surgical9

Commonly4

Lateral5

Pelvis2

Limb3

Posterior2

Acetabular1

Calcaneus Fracture1

Deformity2

Right femoral shaft1

Tibia fractures1

Type of fracture3

Severe3

Supracondylar femur1

Thigh1

Comminution1

Oblique2

Knee6

Classification2

Elderly1

Humeral Fractures2

Injury4

Hematoma1

Incidence2

Serious complications4

Anatomic3

Patella5

Soft-tissue1

Surgically1

Dislocation2

Traumatic2

Greenstick1

Medial1

Proximal fragment2

Intertrochanteric2

Alignment3

Heal1

Fragility Fractures1

Acute1

Simple fracture1

Complex fractures1

Flexion1

Skeletal4