• An important way of regulation is provided by proteolytic cleavage of several of these receptors, leading to either a gain or a loss of platelet function. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, the ability of SPARC to protect fibrillar collagens from proteolytic degradation was investigated in vitro , potentially adding a new collagen chaperone function to SPARC. (dtu.dk)
  • Collagen binding also results in the proteolytic cleavage of a tyrosine phosphorylated 60 kDa C-terminal fragment (CTF), and a 60 kDa ECD fragment. (rndsystems.com)
  • Endostatin, a 183 amino acid proteolytic cleavage fragment corresponding to the C-terminus of collagen 18, has been the subject of investigation by a number of laboratories because of its anti-tumor activity with no toxic side effects (O'Reilly et al. (justia.com)
  • A fluorescent biosensor designed to monitor the proteolytic processing of CD44 by live cell imaging demonstrates that cleavage of the CD44 extracellular domain is enriched in the retracting rear ends of invasive tumor cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Based on the size of the degradation products found by Western blot analysis, it is likely that in addition to MMPs, other proteolytic enzymes able to digest type II collagen are also active. (rug.nl)
  • Conclusions: The results confirm the usefulness of synthetic heterotrimeric collagenous peptides in the folded and unfolded state as mimics of the natural substrates collagen and gelatin, respectively, to gain a better a insight into the proteolytic mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The C-terminal end of the alpha1 chain of collagen type XVIII contains the ENDOSTATIN peptide, which can be released by proteolytic cleavage. (lookformedical.com)
  • Stultz CM., Insight into the Degradation of Type-I Collagen Fibrils by MMP-8. (mit.edu)
  • The purpose of the present study was to determine relationship between disease activity, systemic markers of cartilage degradation, urinary C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type II collagen (uCTX-II), and bone degradation, urinary C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type I collagen (uCTX-I), structural progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and potential therapeutic efficacy of type II collagen (COLLII) in combination with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate (GC). (springer.com)
  • When recombinant SPARC was incubated with type I or type III collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-9, collagen degradation was completely inhibited. (dtu.dk)
  • Furthermore, inhibition of fibrillar collagen degradation by SPARC adds a new chaperone function to SPARC which may play additional roles in the contribution to increased collagen deposition leading to a pro-fibrotic and tumorigenic environment. (dtu.dk)
  • Serum markers of collagen degradation, collagen synthesis, and their ratio were not elevated in aged rats with task performance. (cdc.gov)
  • The presence of collagen degradation products in the human vitreous supports the hypothesis that enzymatic breakdown is most likely an active process in this extracellular matrix. (rug.nl)
  • Because type II collagen (Col2) is a major structural component of cartilage, several tests have been developed to measure Col2 degradation. (ut.ee)
  • CPII is a measure of collagen synthesis and C2C is a measure of collagen degradation in cartilage. (equithrive.com)
  • We have identified the residues required for the adhesion of both proMMP-13 and MMP-13 to one of these, Toolkit peptide II-44, which contains the canonical collagenase cleavage site. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Thick and hyaline collagen fibers are found, as well as lymphatic ectasia and pilosebaceous atrophy that extends to the hypodermic region (Fig. 2). (cdlib.org)
  • The apparently normal skin from the patient with scleroderma shows histological signs of the disease, with thick collagen fibers and lymphatic ectasia. (cdlib.org)
  • It has a special configuration that gives particular elastic properties to protein: collagen fibers are located in the extracellular matrix and have the capacity to increase or reduce their volume according to the degree of compression to which they are subjected. (springer.com)
  • Local alterations in collagen density were clearly seen, allowing us to obtain three-dimensional information regarding the organization of the mammary stroma, such as radiating collagen fibers that could not have been obtained using classical histological techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, local cell invasion was found predominantly to be oriented along certain aligned collagen fibers, suggesting that radial alignment of collagen fibers relative to tumors facilitates invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consistent with this observation, primary tumor explants cultured in a randomly organized collagen matrix realigned the collagen fibers, allowing individual tumor cells to migrate out along radially aligned fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The presentation of these tumor-associated collagen signatures allowed us to identify pre-palpable tumors and see cells at the tumor-stromal boundary invading into the stroma along radially aligned collagen fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is a term used to define the direction within the skin along which the skin has the least flexibility and corresponds to the alignment of the collagen fibers within the dermis. (medscape.com)
  • Two biomarkers that are commonly researched are Carboxypropeptide of Type II Collagen (CPII) and Collagenase Cleavage Neoepitope of Type II Collagen (C2C). (equithrive.com)
  • In SDS/PAGE, all collagen type I preparations showed a protein band [alpha 1s(I)] migrating between alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) as well as a band [alpha 2s(I)] migrating in front of alpha 2(I). The collagenous nature of the pepsin-stable alpha 1s(I) protein was clearly demonstrated by digestion with human-leucocyte-derived collagenase, immunoblotting with antibodies against collagen type I and amino acid analysis. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Background: Whereas mutations affecting the helical domain of type I procollagen classically cause Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), helical mutations near the amino (N)-proteinase cleavage site have been suggested to result in a mixed OI/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)-phenotype. (amrita.edu)
  • Methods: We performed biochemical and molecular analysis of type I (pro-) collagen in a cohort of seven patients referred with a clinical diagnosis of EDS and showing only subtle signs of OI. (amrita.edu)
  • Our aim is to report a rare case of bullous scleroderma, studying the presence of fibronectin and collagens type I, III and XVIII in sclerodermic skin. (cdlib.org)
  • Indirect immunofluorescence measured by laser confocal microscopy allows quantitative determination of fibronectin and collagens type I, III and XVIII. (cdlib.org)
  • This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called matrix metallopeptidase 2, whose primary function is to cut (cleave) a protein called type IV collagen. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Type IV collagen is a major structural component of basement membranes, which are thin, sheet-like structures that separate and support cells in many tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The MMP2 gene mutations that cause MONA completely eliminate the activity of the matrix metallopeptidase 2 enzyme, preventing the normal cleavage of type IV collagen. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An observational retrospective study, 1-year follow-up, on 104 patients with OA (nodular osteoarthritis of the hand, erosive osteoarthritis of the hand, EOA, osteoarthritis of the knee or hip) who were treated with GC or glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and collagen type II (GCC). (springer.com)
  • The dominant collagen of this tissue is type II collagen (COLLII), together with smaller quantities of other collagens (IX, XII). (springer.com)
  • DDR1, also known as CAK, CD167a, RTK6, and TrkE, is a 120-140 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the discoidin-like domain containing subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases and serve as receptors for collagen. (rndsystems.com)
  • As an example, in basal keratinocytes migrating across the dermal matrix the enzyme is invariably expressed and cleaves fibrilliar collagen type I. It was shown that the interaction of the α 2 β 1 integrin with dermal collagen mediates induction of MMP-1 in keratinocytes at the onset of healing and that the activity of MMP-1 is needed to initiate cell movement. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Serum concentration and activity of the bone formation markers carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were not different between the 2 groups. (avma.org)
  • MMP9 has a gelatin-binding domain consisting of three fibronectin type II units, a catalytic domain containing the zinc-binding site, a proline-rich type V collagen-homologous domain and a hemopexin-like domain. (thermofisher.com)
  • Further, MMP9 degrades type IV and V collagens. (thermofisher.com)
  • Although the mechanisms mediating the effects of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on breast carcinoma development in vivo are largely unknown, contributing factors may be adhesion mediated signaling and mechanical signals imparted on mammary epithelial cells from surrounding type-I collagen-rich stroma, either directly or across basement membrane proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human donor eyes were used for immunohistochemistry to detect the possible presence of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-induced type II collagen breakdown product col2-3/4C-short in the vitreous. (rug.nl)
  • Western blot and slot blot analyses were used to further identify vitreal type II collagen breakdown products in three age groups with average ages of 25, 45, and 65 years. (rug.nl)
  • Purified type II collagen was cleaved by MMPs that are known to occur naturally in the vitreous to elucidate what possible type II collagen breakdown products could thus be formed in the human vitreous. (rug.nl)
  • Using Western blot analysis, a range of type II collagen breakdown products was found, mostly in younger eyes, but none of these products contained the neoepitope that characterizes the col23/4C-short molecule. (rug.nl)
  • Digestion of purified type II collagen by MMPs did not give the same breakdown products as found in the vitreous. (rug.nl)
  • NOX1 and NOX4 protein expression and mRNA expression of NOX1, NOX4, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, and type I and III collagens in the Achilles tendon were determined. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the diabetic rat Achilles tendon, NOX1 protein expression and mRNA expression of NOX1, IL-6, MMP-2, TIMP-2, and type III collagen were significantly lower while type I collagen expression was significantly higher in the DHEA group than in the control group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collagen type IV molecules assemble to form a sheet-like network which is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of basement membranes. (lookformedical.com)
  • A fibrillar collagen consisting of three identical alpha1(III) chains that is widely distributed in many tissues containing COLLAGEN TYPE I. It is particularly abundant in BLOOD VESSELS and may play a role in tissues with elastic characteristics. (lookformedical.com)
  • The alpha subunits of collagen type VI assemble into antiparallel, overlapping dimers which then align to form tetramers. (lookformedical.com)
  • A fibrillar collagen found widely distributed as a minor component in tissues that contain COLLAGEN TYPE I and COLLAGEN TYPE III. (lookformedical.com)
  • Several forms of collagen type V exist depending upon the composition of the subunits that form the trimer. (lookformedical.com)
  • Collagen type XI is heterotrimer containing alpha1(XI), alpha2(XI) and alpha3(XI) subunits. (lookformedical.com)
  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) has two main components: type II collagen, which you can think of as the road system, and a proteoglycan network, which you can think of as buildings and houses. (equithrive.com)
  • The mechanism is autoimmune, with production of autoantibodies against a component of type VII collagen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To investigate if this specific cleavage has pathological relevance in fibrotic disorders, we developed a competitive ELISA targeting the generated neo-epitope on the released fragment and quantified it in serum from patients with lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy subjects. (dtu.dk)
  • A soluble form of CD206 is generated by cleavage of the full-length protein, and it can be detected in in vitro macrophage cell culture supernatants and in mouse serum. (fishersci.com)
  • uC2C is a Col2 cleavage neoepitope in urine. (ut.ee)
  • Together, these data suggest that cleavage of SPARC at a specific site, which modulates collagen binding, is a physiological mechanism increased during pathogenesis of lung cancer. (dtu.dk)
  • DDR1 oligomerization enhances collagen binding and also modulates collagen fibrillogenesis. (rndsystems.com)
  • The discoidin-like domain mediates binding to collagens I-V. DDR1 selectively recognizes the triple helical structure of collagen. (rndsystems.com)
  • One of the main difficulties in studying the mechanism of action of these matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) derives from the physicochemical properties of the natural triple-helical collagen, which makes ii difficult to handle. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • At the moment there are 28 different identified types of collagen. (springer.com)
  • This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (lookformedical.com)
  • Deposition of collagen and proliferation of smooth muscle cells are the response to chronic inflammation and injury of the submucosa leading to fibrosis and thickening of the submucosa and the smooth muscle layers of the bowel wall. (bmj.com)
  • 1) Immune mediated damage near infected endothelial cells leads to collagen exposure, fibrin deposition, platelet activation, endothelial activation, and release of ultra-high molecular weight vWF from endothelial cells and platelets. (cdc.gov)
  • Partial amino acid sequencing of alpha 1(I) and alpha 1s(I) identified alpha 1s(I) as a shortened alpha 1(I) chain due to a specific cleavage site between residues Leu95 and Asp96 which is in close vicinity to the hydroxylysine-derived crosslink at position 87. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The matricellular protein SPARC (secreted proteome acidic and rich in cysteine) is known to bind collagens and regulate fibrillogenesis. (dtu.dk)
  • Collagen is a "protein of youth", which constitutes over 30% of the mass of human protein and up to 70% of skin proteins. (colwayinternational.com)
  • Native Collagen Gold supplements the skin with the "protein of youth", gradually and non-invasively, without the need for injection. (colwayinternational.com)
  • We also discovered a second binding site near the N terminus of collagen II (starting at helix residue 127) in Toolkit peptide II-8. (cam.ac.uk)
  • the most abundant collagen-derived peptide [5-7]. (researchgate.net)
  • Cleavage of SPARC at a single peptide bond, increases the affinity for collagens up to 20-fold. (dtu.dk)
  • The flow-dependent adhesion of platelets to those and other extracellular matrix components is stabilized by a panel of integrins, including integrin α 2 β 1 , α IIb β 3 , and α 6 β 1 (adhesive platelet population), while the initial activation of platelets is achieved by signaling via the collagen/laminin receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI). (frontiersin.org)
  • The dermal distribution and amounts of collagens and in the scleroderma patient are similar to normal skin. (cdlib.org)
  • The cleavage of dermal collagen provides keratinocytes with a mechanism to maintain their directionality during reepithelialization (Pilcher et al. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • To investigate whether enzymatic collagen breakdown is an active process in the human vitreous. (rug.nl)
  • It recognizes a specific, well-known site in the tropocollagen molecule where its binding locally perturbs the triple helix, allowing the catalytic domain of the active enzyme to cleave the collagen α chains sequentially, at Gly(775)-Leu(776) in collagen II. (cam.ac.uk)
  • MMP9 is secreted as a 92kDa zymogen and cleavage of pro-MMP9 results in the active enzyme with a molecular weight of 82kDa. (thermofisher.com)
  • Interestingly, we found epithelial YT signaling to be actively involved in extracellular matrix remodeling in the fibrotic lung epithelium through modulation of lysyl oxidase expression, a collagen crosslinking enzyme. (lu.se)
  • A biosynthetic precursor of collagen containing additional amino acid sequences at the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the polypeptide chains. (lookformedical.com)
  • A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, the specific residues upon which collagen recognition depends within and surrounding this locus have not been systematically mapped. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The process of thrombus formation is considered to be initiated by von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to exposed collagen or laminin in the damaged vessel wall, followed by shear-dependent platelet binding to VWF through the glycoprotein (GP)Ib-V-IX complex ( 1 , 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • They are found in many cell types and are involved in the maintenance and regulation of cell shape and behavior, including PLATELET ACTIVATION and aggregation, through many different signaling pathways and differences in their affinities for collagen isoforms. (lookformedical.com)
  • To pull off this look you need a perfectly toned torso, a pert bust and flawless skin without any hint of spots or wrinkles from the cleavage right down to the naval. (express.co.uk)
  • Sculptra will make a huge difference to cleavage wrinkles. (express.co.uk)
  • Native collagens are anti-aging products that, unlike thousands of creams, do not fight against the effects but strike at the cause of wrinkles. (colwayinternational.com)
  • The unique cleavage site might provide important information about the collagen I molecule embedded in the calcified matrix of human bone. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Conversely, both fibronectin and collagen XVIII are increased in scleroderma skin, suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of bullous scleroderma. (cdlib.org)
  • Collagen was extracted from human adult bone by limited pepsin digestion and collagen types were purified by consecutive salt precipitation first under neutral and then under acid conditions. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Extracellular regions of CD206 include an N-terminal cysteine-rich (CR) domain that binds sulfated glycoproteins, a fibronectin II (FNII) domain that binds collagens, and eight carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) that bind sugars like mannose and fucose with high affinity. (fishersci.com)
  • As elsewhere on the human body, the abdominal skin is transgressed by Langer lines, also called cleavage lines. (medscape.com)
  • Collagen Shampoo The Gentle shampoo is suitable for washing of all hair types. (schoeneglattehaut.de)
  • Dermo-epidermal cleavage, fibrosis and inflammation are the main histological findings. (cdlib.org)
  • Our data provide clear evidence that a shortened alpha 1-derived collagen chain can be extracted from human adult bone whereas it is hardly found in human skin. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Collagen VI (COL6) is highly expressed in adipose tissue, upregulated in the obese state, and enriched in breast cancer lesions and is a stimulator of mammary tumor growth. (jci.org)
  • Here, we have described a cleavage product of the COL6α3 chain, endotrophin (ETP), which serves as the major mediator of the COL6-mediated tumor effects. (jci.org)
  • Imaging of the tumor-stromal interface in live tumor tissue ex vivo was performed with multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy (MPLSM) to generate multiphoton excitation (MPE) of endogenous fluorophores and second harmonic generation (SHG) to image stromal collagen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, we observed and defined three tumor-associated collagen signatures (TACS) that provide novel markers to locate and characterize tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In circular dichroism, the proportion of thermally labile collagen molecules was proportional to the amount of shortened alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) chains, respectively. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Castration decreased nNOS and α-actin expression and increased collagen expression, p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) phosphorylation, as well as caspase 3 cleavage. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We further used cleavage under target and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) to identify the exact motif sequences on the genome where complexes containing YT bind in the normal and fibrotic lung epithelial. (lu.se)