AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Coenzyme ACoenzymesOxidation-ReductionUbiquinoneCoenzyme A LigasesAcetyl Coenzyme ACobamidesCoenzyme A-TransferasesHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesMesnaNADKineticsNADPPantothenic AcidOxidoreductasesGlutathioneThioredoxinsGlutathione DisulfideEuryarchaeotaSulfhydryl CompoundsPropanediol DehydrataseElectron TransportMolecular Sequence DataMethanosarcina barkeriRiboflavinAlcohol OxidoreductasesAcetate-CoA LigaseOxidative StressAmino Acid SequenceMevalonic AcidHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsFlavin-Adenine DinucleotideCysteinePantetheineReactive Oxygen SpeciesPalmitoyl Coenzyme ACatalysisMethanobacteriumEscherichia coliMalonyl Coenzyme ALovastatinSubstrate SpecificityBinding SitesMitochondriaSpectrophotometryHydrogen PeroxideHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBacterial ProteinsDisulfidesElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyAntioxidantsElectrochemistryFlavinsModels, MolecularLiverPyridoxal PhosphateHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA-Reductases, NADP-dependentMethylmalonyl-CoA MutaseMethaneAcetatesAcyltransferasesDithiothreitolFlavin MononucleotideCorrinoidsNADH, NADPH OxidoreductasesAldehyde OxidoreductasesSpectrophotometry, UltravioletVitamin B 12Protein BindingThioredoxin-Disulfide ReductaseSimvastatinOxygenIron-Sulfur ProteinsProtein ConformationPhosphate AcetyltransferaseCloning, MolecularGlutaredoxinsGlutamate DehydrogenaseMutationModels, ChemicalSequence Homology, Amino AcidReducing AgentsPotentiometryOxidantsAnaerobiosisMethanosarcinaAlcohol DehydrogenaseOxo-Acid-LyasesHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA SynthaseBase SequenceApoenzymesRecombinant ProteinsMethyltransferasesEthanolamine Ammonia-LyaseHemeGlutaratesCrystallography, X-RayElectronsSpectrum AnalysisClostridium
EnzymesNADHReactionsUbiquinoneUbiquinolAltered redox statusNicotinamideElectronsReactive oxygenSupplementationRegulationReactionEnzymeSubstrateSeleniumMitochondrialOxidative stressSynthesisCoQ10NucleotideCofactorsElectron transfer2002EndogenousMetabolismOxidationThiolsAdenosineSupplementsMetabolicNucleic acids2016DeficiencyVitaminMechanismsProteinsHomeostasisDrugsReductionSporadicallyStateProteinFunctionDecreaseFormSymptomsImproveImportantDosageCompoundEnergyEffectContent
Enzymes4
  • The lysosomal membranes that separate those digestive enzymes from the rest of the cell contain relatively high concentrations of coenzyme Q 10 . (oregonstate.edu)
  • If phenoxyl radicals are not indiscriminately reactive towards biomolecules, they can be selectively reduced by electron transport enzymes or redox cascades to yield antioxidant recycling. (cdc.gov)
  • Enzymes of the plasma membrane redox system (PMRS) provide electrons for energy metabolism and recycling of antioxidants. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Exciting results from recent studies indicate that - apart from its role as a coenzyme - NAD+ and its metabolites play important roles also in cell signalling, i.e. as substrates for nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes and by providing ligands for extra- and intracellular receptors (1-8). (nad2008.de)
NADH6
  • β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced (NADH) comprise a coenzyme redox pair (NAD+:NADH) involved in a wide range of enzyme catalyzed oxidation reduction reactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • That is, NADH is much less electronegative than Coenzyme Q, while the iron-sulfur protein carriers in between are intermediate in electronegativity. (rice.edu)
  • The standard reduction potential of NADH is -0.315V, while that of coenzyme Q is 0.045V (difference of 0.345 V). Therefore there is a strong 'pull' by Coenzyme Q on electrons through the components of Complex I. (rice.edu)
  • The redox mediator transforms NADH back to NAD+. (medscape.com)
  • Effect of Dietary Coenzyme Q10 Plus NADH Supplementation on Fatigue Perception and Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (Castro-Marrero et al. (phoenixrising.me)
  • Does oral Coenzyme Q10 plus NADH supplementation improve fatigue and biochemical parameters in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? (phoenixrising.me)
Reactions7
  • Coenzyme F420 or 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin is a coenzyme (sometimes called a cofactor) involved in redox reactions in methanogens, in many Actinomycetota, and sporadically in other bacterial lineages. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings suggest that M. tuberculosis relies heavily on coenzyme F(420) for its redox reactions. (umd.edu)
  • CoQ10 is a highly lipophilic molecule with a chemical structure similar to vitamin K. Although being a common component of cellular membranes, CoQ10's most prominent role is to facilitate the production of adenosine triphosphate in the mitochondria by participating in redox reactions within the electron transport chain. (nih.gov)
  • If the reactivity of phenoxyl radicals is high enough to directly oxidize critical biomolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids), these reactions may overwhelm capacities of protective redox regulation and trigger redox-cycling cascades. (cdc.gov)
  • Another coenzyme and electron carrier in redox reactions. (which.wiki)
  • It also plays a vital role in energy production via redox reactions. (which.wiki)
  • They play an essential role in a variety of cellular REDOX reactions. (bvsalud.org)
Ubiquinone7
  • Coenzyme Q 10 is a member of the ubiquinone family of compounds. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is a redox-active lipid essential for core metabolic pathways and antioxidant defense. (biorxiv.org)
  • Redox ratio refers to the ratio of ubiquinol (CoQH2) to ubiquinone (CoQ10) in the plasma, serum, platelets, or tissue. (q10facts.com)
  • Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. Comparison study of plasma coenzyme Q10 levels in healthy subjects supplemented with ubiquinol versus ubiquinone. (ubiquinol.org)
  • A recent study has deepened the scientific community's understanding of how and why ubiquinone (also known as coenzyme Q10 and CoQ10) helps our bodies to successfully build new bone. (saveourbones.com)
  • CoQ10 can take on three different redox states: ubiquinone, semiquinone, and ubiquinol. (saveourbones.com)
  • Ubiquinol can exchange two electrons between ubiquinol and ubiquinone in one cycle in the redox function. (kingnature.ch)
Ubiquinol5
  • Mohr D, Bowry VW, Stocker R. Dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 results in increased levels of ubiquinol-10 within circulating lipoproteins and increased resistance of human low-density lipoprotein to the initiation of lipid peroxidation. (ubiquinol.org)
  • Ubiquinol is the reduced (activated) form of coenzyme Q10. (kingnature.ch)
  • 60 vegan capsules with 50 mg ubiquinol (coenzyme Q10) each from natural biofermentative production. (kingnature.ch)
  • Ubiquinol is a form of coenzyme Q10. (kingnature.ch)
  • As the active form of coenzyme Q10, the body manufactures ubiquinol itself. (kingnature.ch)
Altered redox status1
Nicotinamide3
  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) is a natural coenzyme present in all animal and plant organisms. (pr.com)
  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vital small molecule best known as a coenzyme mainly for the electron transfer function in a redox reaction that regulates glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. (oycus.com)
  • 3. Lin, H. (2007) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: beyond a redox coenzyme. (nad2008.de)
Electrons5
  • The ability of the benzoquinone head group of coenzyme Q 10 to accept and donate electrons is a critical feature to its function. (oregonstate.edu)
  • As part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain , coenzyme Q 10 accepts electrons from reducing equivalents generated during fatty acid and glucose metabolism and then transfers them to electron acceptors. (oregonstate.edu)
  • [5] In redox processes, the reductant transfers electrons to the oxidant. (wikipedia.org)
  • We'll simply take the electrons from Coenzyme Q when they reach it, so the system can keep going. (rice.edu)
  • Redox is the chemical reaction in which molecules gain or lose electrons, respectively known as reduction (gaining an electron) and oxidation (losing an electron). (saveourbones.com)
Reactive oxygen1
Supplementation9
  • Oral supplementation of coenzyme Q 10 increases coenzyme Q 10 concentrations in plasma and lipoproteins, but it is unclear whether concentrations in peripheral tissues are increased, especially in healthy individuals. (oregonstate.edu)
  • There is some evidence to suggest that coenzyme Q 10 supplementation may be a useful adjunct to conventional medical therapy for congestive heart failure and in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. (oregonstate.edu)
  • There are currently no proven therapeutic benefits of coenzyme Q 10 supplementation in diabetes mellitus , neurodegenerative diseases , inherited ataxias , or breast cancer . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Coenzyme Q 10 supplementation does not appear to improve athletic performance. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Pilot study news: A new study shows that Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces depression and fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. (q10facts.com)
  • We know that Coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves the symptoms of both chronic fatigue syndrome patients [Castro-Marrero 2016] and fibromyalgia patients [Cordero 2013]. (q10facts.com)
  • At least one study has shown that Coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves the symptoms of depression [Forester 2012]. (q10facts.com)
  • The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Coenzyme Q10 may be the factor responsible for the anti-depression and anti-fatigue effects of the supplementation [Sanoobar 2016]. (q10facts.com)
  • What was the design of the Sanoobar study of the effect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on depression and fatigue in MS patients? (q10facts.com)
Regulation1
  • Reversible cysteine modifications allow for potential redox regulation of proteins. (hindawi.com)
Reaction5
  • When a few drops of glycerol (mild reducing agent) are added to powdered potassium permanganate (strong oxidizing agent), a violent redox reaction accompanied by self-ignition starts. (wikipedia.org)
  • This type of redox reaction is often discussed in terms of redox couples and electrode potentials. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pair of an oxidizing and reducing agent that is involved in a particular reaction is called a redox pair . (wikipedia.org)
  • The efficiency of electron transport can be represented by the standard reduction potential difference , namely the voltage generated by a redox reaction under standard biochemical conditions. (rice.edu)
  • The full reaction is known as a Redox reaction. (which.wiki)
Enzyme5
  • Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetra-hydrofolate (CH 2 -H 4 folate) to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (CH 3 -H 4 folate) utilizing NAD(P)H as a second substrate and enzyme-bound flavin adenine nucleotide (FAD) as redox coenzyme. (carleton.edu)
  • Although how an enzyme binds its substrate and rate-limiting transition state is well-studied, how it binds a flexible redox-active coenzyme, which may adopt different native solution conformations when oxidized/reduced, remains unclear. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • By preorganizing the coenzyme-binding site to bind such an "intermediate" conformation, a redox enzyme can efficiently bind oxidized and reduced NAD, whereas having to substantially reorganize the binding site to accommodate the NAD product might impede catalysis. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • Our results that indicate the decreased PMRS enzyme activities are associated with decreased levels of coenzyme Q 10 and increased levels of oxidative stress markers. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Our results that indicate the decreased PMRS enzyme activities are associated with decreased levels of coenzyme Q10 and increased levels of oxidative stress markers. (ewha.ac.kr)
Substrate1
  • The coenzyme is a substrate for coenzyme F420 hydrogenase, 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase and methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase. (wikipedia.org)
Selenium2
  • Coenzyme Q10 and selenium in statin-associated myopathy treatment. (ubiquinol.org)
  • Levels of sPselectin and hs-CRP decrease with dietary intervention with selenium and Coenzyme Q10 combined: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial . (q10facts.com)
Mitochondrial8
  • Coenzyme Q 10 plays a central role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the production of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ). (oregonstate.edu)
  • Oral high-dose coenzyme Q 10 is usually effective to treat mitochondrial disorders that are caused by mutations in coenzyme Q 10 biosynthetic genes . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Coenzyme Q 10 is soluble in lipids (fats) and is found in virtually all cell membranes , including mitochondrial membranes. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The conversion of energy from carbohydrates and fats to ATP , the form of energy used by cells, requires the presence of coenzyme Q 10 in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (oregonstate.edu)
  • At the same time, coenzyme Q 10 contributes to transfer protons (H + ) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In addition to its role in ATP synthesis, mitochondrial coenzyme Q 10 mediates the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Capital derived from this financing will allow us to broaden our orphan mitochondrial drug mission, and explore utility in non-orphan ischemic, inflammatory, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases where the role of redox therapeutics and mitochondrial mechanisms are suggested, but not yet successfully reduced to practice. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
  • Edison's first clinical development effort has centered on the coenzyme Q10 chemical template, given its pivotal role in mitochondrial function and clinical data suggesting utility in multiple mitochondrial diseases. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
Oxidative stress2
  • The Coenzyme Q10 redox ratio varies with a person's age and degree of oxidative stress. (q10facts.com)
  • Coenzyme Q10 has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties [Alehagen 2015]. (q10facts.com)
Synthesis2
  • Endogenous synthesis and dietary intake provide sufficient coenzyme Q 10 to prevent deficiency in healthy people, although coenzyme Q 10 concentrations in tissues decline with age. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Coordination Chemistry Controls Coenzyme B 12 Synthesis by Human Adenosine Triphosphate:Cob(I)alamin Adenosyltransferase. (umich.edu)
CoQ102
  • Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may represent a safe therapeutic option for patients with HF. (nih.gov)
  • A 2013 study discovered that the mitochondria of fibromyalgia patients contain a decreased amount Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) . (tamistackelhouse.com)
Nucleotide1
  • Goncharova RI, Dubur GY.Comparative study of the genetic activity of analogs of nucleotide bases and redox coenzymes. (timtec.net)
Cofactors1
  • Research related to cofactors (prosthetic groups, coenzymes and metal ions) will also be of interest to the collection. (mdpi.com)
Electron transfer2
  • Most P450s require redox partners for the electron transfer during catalysis. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we compare three pairs of frequently-used surrogate redox partner Sel Fdx1499/ Sel FdR0978, Adx/AdR and Pdx/PdR and in terms of their electron transfer properties. (nature.com)
20021
  • Coenzyme M Coenzyme B Methanofuran Tetrahydromethanopterin Deppenmeier U (September 2002). (wikipedia.org)
Endogenous1
  • It is necessary to replace the age-related loss of endogenous Coenzyme Q10. (q10facts.com)
Metabolism1
  • Edison's technology platform consists of a specialized knowledge in redox therapeutics and translational pharmacology, pivotal to targeting cellular energy metabolism. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
Oxidation3
  • In its reduced form (CoQ 10 H 2 ), coenzyme Q 10 is an effective fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes and lipoproteins from oxidation . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Cysteine is the most important redox-responsive amino acid within proteins largely due to the wide range of oxidation states that sulfur can occupy-so called, "sulfur switches" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A redox cycle with complex II prioritizes sulfide quinone oxidoreductase dependent H 2 S oxidation. (umich.edu)
Thiols2
  • The most prominent example of this is the interaction of vitamin E phenoxyl radicals with coenzyme Q, ascorbate and thiols (e.g., dihydrolipoic acid). (cdc.gov)
  • Background Serum sulfhydryl groups (R-SH, free thiols) reflect the systemic redox status in health and disease, and may be amenable to therapeutic modulation. (inn.no)
Adenosine1
Supplements2
  • Although coenzyme Q 10 supplements are relatively safe, they may decrease the anticoagulant efficacy of warfarin. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Bioequivalence of coenzyme Q10 from over-the-counter supplements. (ubiquinol.org)
Metabolic1
  • Increased Coenzyme Q10 redox ratio is associated with the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. (q10facts.com)
Nucleic acids1
  • Changes in the redox state of cells affect proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in different ways. (hindawi.com)
20161
  • The analysis of the data from the Beck Depression Inventory and the Fatigue Severity Scale showed significant decreases in depression and fatigue scores in the Coenzyme Q10 treatment group as compared to the placebo group [Sanoobar 2016]. (q10facts.com)
Deficiency1
Vitamin2
  • All animals, including humans, can synthesize ubiquinones, hence, coenzyme Q 10 is not considered a vitamin (1) . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Redox-Linked Coordination Chemistry Directs Vitamin B 12 Trafficking. (umich.edu)
Mechanisms1
Proteins3
  • Our method allows for the identification of the proteins, identification of redox-sensitive cysteines within proteins, and quantification of the redox status of individual cysteine-containing peptides. (hindawi.com)
  • This is especially important in reference to redox proteins that contain thiol switches susceptible to activation or inactivation. (hindawi.com)
  • Redox proteomics has taken advantage of the thiol specificity of ICAT reagents not only to identify targets of ROS but also to quantify oxidative thiol modifications in individual proteins. (hindawi.com)
Homeostasis1
Drugs1
  • These indications represent an attractive therapeutic starting point given the orphan nature of the clinical populations and applicability of Edison's redox drugs to these conditions. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
Reduction1
  • What best describes the reduction of the coenzyme NAD? (which.wiki)
Sporadically1
  • A notable feature of M. tuberculosis is coenzyme F(420), which is distributed sporadically and sparsely among prokaryotes. (umd.edu)
State4
  • Remarkably, these functions change depending on its redox state and cellular compartment. (hindawi.com)
  • We propose application of iTRAQ reagents in combination with a previous thiol selection method to relatively quantify the redox state of cysteines both within and between samples in a single analysis. (hindawi.com)
  • Cysteines often form part of active sites, allowing for the protein to be switched on or off depending on redox state. (hindawi.com)
  • Coenzyme Q10 redox state predicts the concentration of c-reactive protein in a large caucasian cohort. (ubiquinol.org)
Protein3
  • The protein HMGB1 behaves as a redox sensor and its structural changes, which are conditioned by the oxidative environment, are associated with different functions of the protein. (hindawi.com)
  • HMGB1 is an abundant protein, 10 6 molecules per cell [ 7 ], which has been postulated as a redox sensor [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, reversible cysteine modifications can influence protein activity and the relative quantification of the status of the thiol can potentially provide valuable insights into protein activity where the protein exists in a range of redox states. (hindawi.com)
Function1
  • However, little information is available on cognate redox partners for P450s, which greatly limits P450 function exploration and practical application. (nature.com)
Decrease1
  • The use of cholesterol -lowering medications called statins can decrease circulating coenzyme Q 10 concentrations. (oregonstate.edu)
Form3
  • Coenzyme F420-1:gamma-L-glutamate ligase puts a gamma-glutamate residue at the -COOH end, producing Coenzyme F420-2, the final compound (in its oxidized form). (wikipedia.org)
  • A redox couple is a reducing species and its corresponding oxidizing form, [7] e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • What is the reduced form of the coenzyme NAD quizlet? (which.wiki)
Symptoms1
  • 400 milligrams of Coenzyme Q10 per day reduced the severity of depression symptoms in elderly adults with geriatric bipolar depression [Forester 2012]. (q10facts.com)
Improve3
  • Edison is addressing this need by reverse-engineering antioxidants to improve upon their redox and pharmacological properties. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
  • 60 milligrams of Coenzyme Q10 per day was too little to improve antioxidant activity [Lee 2012]. (q10facts.com)
  • 150 milligrams of Coenzyme Q10 per day did reduce levels of inflammation and did improve antioxidant activity in patients with coronary artery disease [Lee 2012]. (q10facts.com)
Important1
  • Research suggests that coenzyme Q 10 plays an important role in the transport of protons across lysosomal membranes to maintain the optimal pH (2, 3) . (oregonstate.edu)
Dosage1
  • The researchers administered a daily dosage of 500 milligrams of Coenzyme Q10 to the patients in the active treatment group. (q10facts.com)
Compound1
  • Coenzyme Q 10 is a fat-soluble compound that is synthesized by the body and can be obtained from the diet. (oregonstate.edu)
Energy1
  • Coenzyme Q10, as a supplier of energy, is appropriately located in every cell of the human body. (kingnature.ch)
Effect1
Content1