• But, depending on the severity of the damage, sensorineural hearing loss has been successfully treated with hearing aids or cochlear implants. (kyoto2.org)
  • People with hearing aids or cochlear implants don't really enjoy music nowadays, and part of it is that a lot of the little details are being thrown away by hearing prosthetics. (jhu.edu)
  • If designers could incorporate knowledge of the brain's timbre receptors, it is possible that they could improve the quality of life for people who rely on hearing aids or cochlear implants, Elhilali said. (jhu.edu)
  • In both Turner syndrome and Pendred syndrome hearing loss is a prominent feature often leading to a need for hearing rehabilitation with hearing aids or cochlear implants. (avhandlingar.se)
  • An early rehabilitation with hearing aids or cochlear implants in regard to the hearing deficit is necessary to prevent social isolation and to ensure speech development and speech perception. (avhandlingar.se)
  • For many years, cochlear fluids were thought to be generated by filtration of blood or cerebrospinal fluid, which then flowed longitudinally down the length of the cochlea to be absorbed through the endolymphatic sac. (medscape.com)
  • While the function of the lateral efferent system in the cochlea is still unknown, previous studies have identified both excitatory and inhibitory changes in sound-evoked and spontaneous cochlear responses attributable to the lateral efferent system. (edu.au)
  • The first experiments in this thesis were designed to determine if activation or blockade of different dopamine receptor subtypes in the cochlea could lead to both excitatory and inhibitory changes in sound-evoked and spontaneous cochlear responses. (edu.au)
  • Adult guinea pigs were anaesthetised (Nembutal and Hypnorm) and highly specific D1/5 (SKF 38393, SKF 81297, SCH 23390), D2 ((+) PHNO, L 741, 626) and D3 (PD 128907, U 99194A) receptor agonists and antagonists were perfused through the cochlea for 15 minutes. (edu.au)
  • In mice, the cochlea expresses EGF receptors throughout the animal's life, but they apparently never drive regeneration of hair cells," said White. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The cochlea is a bony, spiral-shaped chamber that contains the cochlear duct of the membranous labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, in situ hybridization in the mouse cochlea suggests that Slit2 and its receptor, Robo1/2, exhibit apparently complementary expression patterns in the spiral ganglion and its nearby region, the spiral limbus. (edu.sa)
  • The cochlea is a fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells (hair cells) of the auditory system ( [link] ). (lumenlearning.com)
  • As the stapes presses into the oval window, the fluid inside the cochlea begins to move, which in turn stimulates hair cells , which are auditory receptor cells of the inner ear embedded in the basilar membrane. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Explanation: Sensory receptors of hearing are hair cells, present on basilar membrane of cochlea . (psichologyanswers.com)
  • The vestibular wall separates the cochlear duct from the perilymphatic scala vestibuli, a cavity inside the cochlea. (medscape.com)
  • The cochlear duct, part of the membranous labyrinth, is a triangular-shaped wedge located in the cochlea. (digitalhistology.org)
  • The cochlear duct, filled with endolymph, lies in the middle of the cochlea, dividing it into thirds, with the scala vestibuli above and the scala tympani below the cochlear duct. (digitalhistology.org)
  • The cochlear duct is suspended in the middle of the tubular osseous cochlea. (digitalhistology.org)
  • 1 . Bahmer A, Langner G (2006) Oscillating neurons in the cochlear nucleus: II. (yale.edu)
  • 2 . Bahmer A, Langner G (2006) Oscillating neurons in the cochlear nucleus: I. Experimental basis of a simulation paradigm. (yale.edu)
  • 4 . Bahmer A, Langner G (2009) A simulation of chopper neurons in the cochlear nucleus with wideband input from onset neurons. (yale.edu)
  • In recent years, different lines of genetically manipulated mouse models were used to study how modulation of the cochlear pacemaker affects the maturation of central auditory neurons and synapses. (frontiersin.org)
  • The results indicate that GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of excitation and inhibition and in allowing ICC neurons to process temporal information more precisely. (jneurosci.org)
  • 2002a , b ), little is known about how activation of receptors influences temporal processing in ICC neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • It was used to activate auditory neurons with light at kilohertz frequencies in adult gerbils and could ultimately contribute to improving the spectral resolution of cochlear implants. (icrea.cat)
  • abstract = "During the development of periphery auditory circuits, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) extend their neurites to innervate cochlear hair cells (HCs) with their soma aggregated into a cluster spatially segregated from the cochlear sensory epithelium. (edu.sa)
  • Metabotropic glutamate and GABA receptors modulate cellular excitability and glutamatergic transmission in chicken cochlear nucleus angularis neurons. (omeka.net)
  • Neurons in the avian cochlear nucleus angularis (NA) receive glutamatergic input from the auditory nerve, and GABAergic input from the superior olivary nucleus. (omeka.net)
  • In CN slices from these animals auditory nerve fiber stimulation elicited a glutamate receptor-dependent depolarization in hVOS probe-labeled neurons. (stanford.edu)
  • The introduction of voltage imaging to the CN creates the opportunity to investigate auditory processing circuitry in populations of neurons targeted on the basis of their genetic identity and their roles in sensory processing.Significance StatementThe cochlear nucleus uses dedicated circuitry to process and interpret information from the ear. (stanford.edu)
  • By targeting a genetically-encoded hybrid voltage sensor (hVOS) to identify neurons activated during the presentation of sound, the properties and function of these neurons become accessible to study in slices of mouse ventral cochlear nucleus. (stanford.edu)
  • During week 4 of embryonic development, the human inner ear develops from the auditory placode, a thickening of the ectoderm that gives rise to the bipolar neurons of the cochlear and vestibular ganglions. (medscape.com)
  • Central processes of these neurons form the cochlear division of CN VIII. (digitalhistology.org)
  • 5 . Bahmer A, Langner G (2010) Parameters for a model of an oscillating neuronal network in the cochlear nucleus defined by genetic algorithms. (yale.edu)
  • Subunit alpha6-immunoreactivity was only present in granule cells of the cerebellum and the cochlear nucleus, and subunit gamma1-immunoreactivity was preferentially located in the central and medial amygdaloid nuclei, in pallidal areas, the substantia nigra pars reticulata and the inferior olive. (nih.gov)
  • Imaging Voltage Globally and in Isofrequency Lamina in Slices of Mouse Ventral Cochlear Nucleus. (stanford.edu)
  • The lateral wall of the cochlear duct is formed by the spiral ligament and the stria vascularis, which produces the endolymph. (medscape.com)
  • The stria vascularis, an epithelium located on the outer wall of the cochlear duct, is unique in that it is the only vascularized epithelium in mammals. (digitalhistology.org)
  • The otolithic organ as a receptor of vestibular hearing revealed by vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in patients with inner ear anomalies. (omeka.net)
  • The cochlear and vestibular sensory receptors in animals' membrane labyrinths are also critical to their everyday activities and survival. (stop-global-warming.co.uk)
  • Labyrinthine sensory receptors include cochlear and vestibular. (stop-global-warming.co.uk)
  • To replace and complement the input from faulty sensory receptors, we must understand their complex construction and biochemistry. (stop-global-warming.co.uk)
  • The organ for hearing, which contains the sensory receptors is known as the spiral organ of Corti and is located throughout the cochlear duct . (psichologyanswers.com)
  • What are the five sensory receptors? (psichologyanswers.com)
  • Sensory receptors with corresponding stimuli to which they respond. (psichologyanswers.com)
  • Cochlear hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system. (bvsalud.org)
  • The sense of hearing is provided by receptors within the cochlear duct. (medscape.com)
  • The organ of Corti is composed of a lower basilar membrane against the scala tympani and an upper tectorial membrane within the cochlear duct (Fig. 8.41). (psichologyanswers.com)
  • Beginning in the fifth week of development, the auditory vesicle also gives rise to the cochlear duct, which contains the spiral organ of Corti and the endolymph that accumulates in the membranous labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • The basilar membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani, a cavity within the cochlear labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • The hair cells develop from the lateral and medial ridges of the cochlear duct, which together with the tectorial membrane make up the spiral organ of Corti. (medscape.com)
  • The organ of Corti, the receptor for sound, is housed in the cochlear duct. (digitalhistology.org)
  • The cochlear division of the nerve supplies the organ of Corti in the cochlear duct. (digitalhistology.org)
  • The receptor called the crista ampullaris (black arrows) is a ridge-like structure located in the ampullary enlargement of each semicircular duct. (digitalhistology.org)
  • glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1. (wikigenes.org)
  • While a clear role has been proposed for glutamate as a putative neurotransmitter at the inner hair cell type I spiral ganglion cell synapse, the possible role of excessive glutamate release in cochlear impairment and of NMDA receptors in such a process is uncertain. (cdc.gov)
  • Using a voltage-sensitive dye we recorded glutamate receptor-independent signals arising predominantly from axons. (stanford.edu)
  • The α9 and α10 subunits are members of the subfamily I, epithelial ion-gated nicotinic receptor gene family. (frontiersin.org)
  • There is an emerging literature that the distribution of the α9 and α10 subunits in peripheral tissues is widespread and non-synaptic, regulated in disease states, and may not always be assembled as heteromeric receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • GABA(A) receptors are ligand-operated chloride channels assembled from five subunits in a heteropentameric manner. (nih.gov)
  • Using immunocytochemistry, we investigated the distribution of GABA(A) receptor subunits deriving from 13 different genes (alpha1-alpha6, beta1-beta3, gamma1-gamma3 and delta) in the adult rat brain. (nih.gov)
  • This distribution and the apparently typical patterns of co-distribution of these GABA(A) receptor subunits support the assumption of multiple, differently assembled GABA(A) receptor subtypes and their heterogeneous distribution within the adult rat brain. (nih.gov)
  • These data are consistent with the notion that purinergic receptors activated by scala tympani perfusion contain subunits of the P2X(2) variant. (edu.au)
  • This research demonstrates a signaling pathway that can be activated by different methods and could represent a new approach to cochlear regeneration and, ultimately, restoration of hearing. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The most common complications associated with the standard approach to cochlear implantation include flap breakdown and electrode misplacement. (medscape.com)
  • In recent years, the standard approach to cochlear implantation with a large incision has been challenged by successful implantation of cochlear implants in numerous patients with a much smaller incision and a less-invasive approach. (medscape.com)
  • Where are the 3 places that the cochlear nuclei sends input to? (freezingblue.com)
  • The cochlear nuclei (CN) receive sensory information from the ear and perform fundamental computations before relaying this information to higher processing centers. (stanford.edu)
  • The inner contours of the bony labyrinth closely follow the contours of the membranous labyrinth, a delicate, interconnected network of fluid-filled tubes in which the receptors are found. (medscape.com)
  • Cranial nerve VIII, the vestibulocochlear, innervates the receptors in the membranous labyrinth. (digitalhistology.org)
  • Employing various pharmacological S1PR (S1P receptor) agonists and antagonists, along with siRNA (small interfering RNA) techniques and genetic knockout approaches, we identify the S1PR2 as the specific and necessary receptor to induce phosphorylation of ERM proteins and subsequent filopodia formation. (omicsdi.org)
  • What are cochlear potentials? (kyoto2.org)
  • It is often considered the most enigmatic of cochlear potentials because its magnitude and polarity vary across frequency and level and its origins are uncertain. (kyoto2.org)
  • The effects of ATP (adenosine 5' triphosphate) analogs on gross cochlear potentials and single primary afferent discharge properties were studied by intracochlear perfusion in anesthetized guinea pigs. (edu.au)
  • Therefore, hair cells that are in the base portion would be labeled as high-pitch receptors, while those in the tip of basilar membrane would be labeled as low-pitch receptors (Shamma, 2001). (lumenlearning.com)
  • In the present study, we provide evidence that the α9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) shares pharmacological properties with members of the Cys-loop family of receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Research conducted in the lab of Patricia White, Ph.D., in 2012 identified a family of receptors -- called epidermal growth factor (EGF) -- responsible for activating support cells in the auditory organs of birds. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In the new study, which involved researchers from URMC and the Massachusetts Ear and Eye Infirmary, which is part of Harvard Medical School, the team tested the theory that signaling from the EGF family of receptors could play a role in cochlear regeneration in mammals. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • cochlear implant - a surgically implanted device that stimulates the nerves of the inner ear. (kyoto2.org)
  • One million people around the world use cochlear implants (CIs), surgically implanted devices which restore sound perception in case of deafness. (icrea.cat)
  • This new light-controlled drug, capable of triggering the neural pathways involved in hearing, can contribute to improving the spectral resolution of cochlear implants used by people with profound hearing loss or deafness. (icrea.cat)
  • By advancing our understanding of how the brain is able to recognize musical sounds, engineers at The Johns Hopkins University could help the makers of hearing aids and cochlear implants do a better job filling the sounds of silence. (jhu.edu)
  • Campisi P, Hayward L, Papsin B. Mitek QuickAnchor fixation of cochlear implants using a minimal access technique. (medscape.com)
  • Standard cochlear implantation requires an extended postauricular and scalp incision and large flap, mastoidectomy , facial recess approach, cochleostomy, and insertion of an electrode into the scala tympani. (medscape.com)
  • Study IV investigates the natural hearing history and outcome after cochlear implantation in children with severe hearing loss due to Pendred syndrome or DFNB4 having LVAS and/or IP2-malformation. (avhandlingar.se)
  • No effective surgical care is available except cochlear implantation in children with Waardenburg syndrome, which can improve the speech perception ability. (medscape.com)
  • Positive Darwinian evolutionary changes in the mammalian α10 subunit resulted in increased calcium permeability and parallels the evolution of the anion chloride transporter SLC26A5 (prestin) and somatic electromotility in cochlear OHCs. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, a highly heterogeneous distribution of 13 different GABA(A) receptor subunit-immunoreactivities was observed. (nih.gov)
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ion-gated channels that have diverse function in nervous and non-nervous tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, it adds further evidence that the α9 nAChR and the cholinergic receptor present at the base of cochlear outer hair cells have similar pharmacological properties. (aspetjournals.org)
  • One effort focuses on an unusual cholinergic receptor that mediates efferent inhibition of hair cells, driving discovery of the molecular mechanisms, and offering a target for protection against acoustic trauma. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Mispositioned SGNs were found to scatter in the space between the cochlear epithelium and the main body of spiral ganglion, and the neurites of mispositioned SGNs were misrouted and failed to innervate HCs. (edu.sa)
  • Furthermore, in Robo1/2 mutants, SGNs were displaced toward the cochlear epithelium as an entirety. (edu.sa)
  • After manual removal of the cochlear lateral wall, the auditory epithelium was meticulously dissected from the cochlear modiolus under a microscope, incubated in a mixture consisting of 0.25% trypsin-EDTA for 10 min at 37 °C, and gently suspended in culture medium using a 200 µL pipette tip. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sound-evoked (compound action potential, summating potential, cochlear microphonic) and spontaneous cochlear responses were recorded before and after perfusion. (edu.au)
  • The suppression of the cochlear microphonic suggests that dopamine receptor influence is not confined to the primary afferent dendrite may also include the active process of the outer hair cells. (edu.au)
  • Is cochlear microphonic present in auditory neuropathy? (kyoto2.org)
  • Conclusion: The presence of the Cochlear Microphonic is a determining finding in the differential diagnosis of Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony. (kyoto2.org)
  • How is cochlear microphonic measured? (kyoto2.org)
  • How do we differentiate ABR waves from a cochlear microphonic wave? (kyoto2.org)
  • In contrast, the cochlear microphonic does NOT increase in latency as the stimulus intensity decreases. (kyoto2.org)
  • What is cochlear microphonic? (kyoto2.org)
  • The cochlear microphonic is a receptor potential believed to be generated primarily by outer hair cells. (kyoto2.org)
  • What is the difference between cochlear microphonic and action potential? (kyoto2.org)
  • The cochlear microphonic and the summating potential (SP) are generated by the hair cells of the organ of Corti, whereas the compound action potential (AP) of the auditory nerve represents the summed synchronized response of many individual nerve fibers. (kyoto2.org)
  • How does cochlear microphonic work? (kyoto2.org)
  • The excitatory synaptic currents mediated by AMPA and NMDA receptors and the inhibitory current mediated by GABA A receptors were pharmacologically isolated and recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. (jneurosci.org)
  • The response kinetics of AMPA receptor-mediated EPSCs and GABA A receptor-mediated IPSCs were similar and much faster than those of NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs. (jneurosci.org)
  • GABA A inhibition suppressed activation of NMDA receptors and reduced both the degree of AMPA EPSC depression and the extent of temporal summation of NMDA EPSCs. (jneurosci.org)
  • With a single pulse of current stimulation, the AMPA, NMDA, and GABA A receptor-mediated responses overlap each other temporally. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, we recorded the postsynaptic responses to repetitive stimulation of the lateral lemniscus and examined the effects of AMPA, NMDA, and GABA A receptor antagonists. (jneurosci.org)
  • NMDA receptor blockage protects against permanent noise -induced hearing loss but not its potentiation by carbon monoxide. (cdc.gov)
  • The present study compares the protective effects of (+)-MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, and the relatively inactive isomer (-)-MK-801 against permanent noise -induced hearing loss (NIHL). (cdc.gov)
  • The data suggest that NMDA receptor stimulation may play a role in NIHL resulting from fairly mild noise exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Cochlear neuron loss was augmented in the absence of macrophages but showed preservation with resident and repopulated macrophages after noise exposure. (wustl.edu)
  • Here, we cover fundamental findings that implicate CCK neuron activity and CCK receptor signaling in modulating drug intake and drug-seeking (focusing on psychostimulants, opioids, and alcohol). (stanford.edu)
  • SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's specialised register for trials, using the terms ('cytisine' or 'Tabex' or 'dianicline' or 'varenicline' or 'nicotine receptor partial agonist') in the title or abstract, or as keywords. (who.int)
  • These findings are paradoxical as the agonist data suggest that the D1/5 and D2 receptor subtypes are inhibitory, but the antagonist perfusions suggest that these receptors are excitatory. (edu.au)
  • The D1/5 and D2 antagonist data also suggests that dopamine receptors are activated by intrinsic dopamine. (edu.au)
  • BACKGROUND: Nicotine receptor partial agonists may help people to stop smoking by a combination of maintaining moderate levels of dopamine to counteract withdrawal symptoms (acting as an agonist) and reducing smoking satisfaction (acting as an antagonist). (who.int)
  • The inner ear functions as the sensorineural receptor organ of the auditory system, converting an acoustic waveform into an electrochemical stimulus that can be transmitted to the CNS. (medscape.com)
  • Hair cells are the auditory receptors in the organ of Corti. (digitalhistology.org)
  • The inhibitory response is mediated mainly by GABA A receptors (Ma et al. (jneurosci.org)
  • The researchers found that activating the ERBB2 pathway triggered a cascading series of cellular events by which cochlear support cells began to proliferate and start the process of activating other neighboring stem cells to become new sensory hair cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) are a well-studied class of transmembrane G protein-coupled sphingolipid receptors that mediate multiple cellular processes. (omicsdi.org)
  • Cellular localization and developmental changes of Zip8, Zip14 and transferrin receptor 1 in the inner ear of rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Although this process uses common parameters in most cases, in a percentage of cochlear implant users, for some reason, it is not possible to establish appropriate levels of stimulation. (elsevier.es)
  • One of the neurotransmitters in the lateral efferents is the catecholamine dopamine, which in the central nervous system is known to exert inhibitory and excitatory effects by activating different receptor subtypes. (edu.au)
  • Remarkably, activating or blocking D1/5 or D2 receptor subtypes resulted in the suppression of CAP amplitudes. (edu.au)
  • Sound vibrations create waves in the cochlear fluids. (cdc.gov)
  • These tiny hair cells are called stereocilia (types of receptors that can detect sound). (cdc.gov)
  • They were first localized in cochlear hair cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The physiology and pharmacology of the hair cell receptor is identical to that of the α9/10 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the relationship between changes in EP (a major component of the driving force on ions through hair cells) and the alterations in gross and single unit measures of cochlear activity was not clear. (edu.au)
  • Resident cochlear macrophages rapidly migrate into the inner hair cell synaptic region and directly contact the damaged synaptic connections after noise-induced synaptopathy. (wustl.edu)
  • Cochlear hair cells consist of two anatomically and functionally distinct types: outer and inner hair cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hence, in vitro cultivation of primary hair cells is indispensable for investigating the protective or regenerative effects of cochlear hair cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • This method can enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of in vitro cultured hair cells and demonstrate the efficiency of cochlear hair cell cultures, establishing a solid methodological foundation for further auditory research. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus comparison of response latency at various intensities can be used to distinguish cochlear from neural responses. (kyoto2.org)
  • Waardenburg syndrome type IV is autosomal recessive with variable penetrance and is due to SOX10 or endothelin-B receptor ( EDNRB ) gene mutations, which appear to correlate with the intestinal and/or neurological symptoms manifested in patients. (medscape.com)
  • Labadie RF, Chodhury P, Cetinkaya E, Balachandran R, Haynes DS, Fenlon MR. Minimally invasive, image-guided, facial-recess approach to the middle ear: demonstration of the concept of percutaneous cochlear access in vitro. (medscape.com)
  • Changes in the threshold of the gross DC receptor potential (summating potential, SP) and the compound action potential (CAP) were consistent with a combination of effects on both early and final stages of the transduction process, as reported by previous workers. (edu.au)
  • Majdani O, Bartling SH, Leinung M, Stöver T, Lenarz M, Dullin C. A true minimally invasive approach for cochlear implantation: high accuracy in cranial base navigation through flat-panel-based volume computed tomography. (medscape.com)
  • Our studies are motivated by curiosity about fundamental mechanisms, and to provide a foundation for understanding cochlear pathogenesis. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The round window consists of a thin, membranous partition that separates the perilymph of the cochlear chambers from the air-filled middle ear. (medscape.com)
  • The walls of the bony labyrinth consist of dense bone everywhere except at 2 small areas near the base of the cochlear spiral. (medscape.com)